JPH0466899B2 - - Google Patents

Info

Publication number
JPH0466899B2
JPH0466899B2 JP61210403A JP21040386A JPH0466899B2 JP H0466899 B2 JPH0466899 B2 JP H0466899B2 JP 61210403 A JP61210403 A JP 61210403A JP 21040386 A JP21040386 A JP 21040386A JP H0466899 B2 JPH0466899 B2 JP H0466899B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
friction
cashew dust
wet
paper
foamed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP61210403A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS6366232A (en
Inventor
Hideto Nakagawa
Eiji Hamada
Masaaki Yasui
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aisin Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Aisin Chemical Co Ltd
Priority to JP21040386A priority Critical patent/JPS6366232A/en
Publication of JPS6366232A publication Critical patent/JPS6366232A/en
Publication of JPH0466899B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0466899B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

[産業上の利用分野] 本発明はクラツチの摩擦材、特に油中で使用す
るのに適した湿式摩擦材に関するものである。 [従来の技術] 内燃機関を原動機とする自動車などでは、原動
機と変速機との間にクラツチを設ける。クラツチ
は発進時や変速時などに必要なすべりを与えると
共に、歯車変速機の変速段の切換えに動力の断続
を行う必要がある。これらの機能をはたすため、
摩擦クラツチが広く採用されている。 摩擦クラツチは、摩擦板が乾燥状態で使用され
る乾式と、油中に浸して使用される湿式とにわか
れる。湿式は主に自動変速機内の摩擦要素として
湿式多板クラツチの形で使用される。 湿式多板クラツチの摩擦材は、古くはメタル
(焼結合金)であつたが、最近は熱硬化性樹脂を
含浸、硬化させた紙質基材の摩擦材が主流であ
る。これは摩擦特性が良好なこと、さらに軽く、
安価であると同時に耐久性も充分であることが実
証されていることからである。 熱硬化性樹脂を含浸、硬化させた紙質基材の摩
擦材(以下単に湿式摩擦材という。)は、木材パ
ルプなどの有機繊維、アスベストなどの無機繊維
と、無機質充填材、摩擦調整剤とを湿式抄造した
紙質基材に、フエノール樹脂などの熱硬化性樹脂
を含浸させ圧縮成形したものである。 湿式摩擦材には摩擦係数(特に最終動摩擦係
数)を調整するためにカシユーダストが摩擦調整
剤として使用されている。例えば特開昭57−
85876号、特開昭59−175639号がある。 [発明が解決しようとする問題点] 従来の湿式摩擦材に用いられている、カシユー
ダストは、カシユーナツツ殻液をホルムアルデヒ
ドまたはフルフラールなどと縮重合させ、硬化剤
を添加混合し酸又はアルカリの存在下で硬化さ
せ、この硬化した塊状物を粉砕、さらに精粒し
50μm〜300μmの粒子状のカシユーダスト(以下
粒子状カシユーダストという。)が使用されてい
る。しかしこの粒子状カシユーダストを配合して
湿式抄紙した紙質基材は、乾燥工程、所定の型に
打抜く工程、又は運搬時にさまざまな力を受け、
粒子状カシユーダストが紙質基材から脱落する。
このカシユーダストの脱落により、製造装置や床
の汚染など作業環境の悪化をもたらすばかりでな
く、紙質摩擦材の最終動摩擦係数の低下をもたら
し、摩擦特性に悪影響を与える。 さらに自動変速機に取り付けられた湿式摩擦材
から、係合時の衝撃や、摩耗により粒子状カシユ
ーダストが脱落するときがある。この場合、脱落
した粒子状カシユーダストは巨大摩耗粉となり自
動変速機内の油で運搬され、バルブステツクを起
す原因となる。 本発明はこれらの点に鑑みなされたもので、摩
擦調整剤であるカシユーダストの紙質基材、湿式
摩擦材からの脱落を防止または低減し、摩擦特性
の安定した湿式摩擦材を提供するものである。 [問題点を解決するための手段] すなわち本発明の湿式摩擦材は、繊維成分、熱
硬化性樹脂および摩擦調整剤からなり、この摩擦
調整剤が発泡、硬化されたのち、該硬化物を5μm
〜300μmの大きさに粉砕されたカシユーダスト
(以下発泡カシユーダストという。)からなること
を特徴とする。 紙質の骨格部分を構成する繊維成分は、例えば
木材バルブ、リンターバルブ、芳香族ポリアミド
繊維、ノボロイド繊維などの有機繊維、ガラス繊
維、チタン酸カリウム繊維、シリカ繊維、ロツク
ウール繊維、金属繊維などの無機繊維があり、こ
れらの単独または2種以上を混合して使用され
る。繊維成分の適正な配合比は、紙質基材中の40
〜75重量%である。 熱硬化性樹脂は、例えばフエノール樹脂、メラ
ミン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂など
が使用できる。熱硬化性樹脂は紙質基材100重量
部に対し、20〜40重量部を含浸させる。 さらに無機質充填材として、炭酸カルシウム、
酸化鉄、ウオラストナイト、硫酸バリウム、酸化
珪素、ケイソ−土などを使用することもできる。
無機質充填材の配合比は、紙質基材中の5〜40重
量%である。 この発明の要部をなす摩擦調整剤として使用す
る発泡カシユーダストは、カシユーナツツ殻液と
ホルムアルデヒドまたはフルフラールなどとの縮
重合物に発泡剤および硬化剤を加え、酸またはア
ルカリの存在下で80℃〜210℃の加熱温度で発泡
させながら硬化反応を進める。冷却固化したの
ち、粉砕機にて50μm〜300μmに粉砕して得られ
る。 前記縮重合物には、天然ゴム、クロロプレンゴ
ム、アクリルゴム等のゴム成分、カシユーダスト
以外のグラフアイトなどの摩擦調整剤や上記無機
質充填材を発泡、硬化させる前に添加混合するこ
とができる。 発泡剤としては、ヘプタン、ヘキサンの様な液
状の発泡剤、またジニトロソペンタメチレンテト
ラミン(DPT)系、アゾジカルボンアミド
(AZC)系、P−トルエンスルホニルヒドラジツ
ド(TSH)系などの固体の発泡剤が使用できる。
また尿素系の発泡助剤を併用することができる。 硬化剤としては、パラホルムアルデヒドやヘキ
サメチレンテトラミンなどのホルムアルデヒド源
が使用できる。摩擦調整剤の適正な配合比は紙質
基材中の5〜40重量%である。 湿式摩擦材を製造するには、繊維成分、摩擦材
調整剤および必要に応じて、無機質充填材や定着
剤などを水中に分散させたのち、抄造機で抄紙
し、乾燥後、所定の型に打抜く。次に打抜かれた
紙質基材に熱硬化性樹脂を含浸させ、熱風炉など
で硬化をさせることで湿式摩擦材が得られる。 [作用] 本発明の湿式摩擦材に使用する発泡カシユーダ
ストは、硬化時に発泡させることにより、この硬
化物はスポンジのように多数の気泡を持つてい
る。この硬化物を粉砕して得られた発泡カシユー
ダストは従来の粒子状カシユーダストに比べ鋭角
な角を持ち、また鱗片状の薄いカシユーダストが
多く含まれるため、抄紙するとき繊維成分とのか
らみが強く、後工程である乾燥工程、打抜き工程
又は運搬時にカシユーダストの脱落が防止され
る。 [実施例] 以下、本発明を適用する湿式摩擦材の実施例を
詳細に説明する。 実施例 1 リンタパルプ50wt%、ガラス繊維10wt%を水
中にて口水度580〜620mlになる様に叩解したの
ち、発泡カシユーダスト10wt%、ケイソー土
30wt%を順次仕込み、分散させ、硫酸バンドに
より定着させたのち、丸網式抄造機により所定の
坪量、厚さに抄紙し、紙質基材を得る。この紙質
基材を所定のリングに打抜き、フエノール樹脂を
紙質基材100重量部に対し30重量部をデイツピン
グ方法により含浸させ、熱風炉にて160℃×45分
間加熱加圧成形し所定の厚さに調整し、湿式摩擦
材を得る。 実施例 2 発泡カシユーダスト10wt%を発泡カシユーダ
スト20wt%にしたこと以外は実施例1と同様に
して湿式摩擦材を得る。 比較例 1 発泡カシユーダスト10wt%を粒子状カシユー
ダスト10wt%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同
様にして、湿式摩擦材を得た。 比較例 2 発泡カシユーダスト10wt%を粒子状カシユー
ダスト20wt%としたこと以外は、実施例2と同
様にして湿式摩擦材を得た。 実施例1、2、比較例1、2の試験結果を第1
表に示す。
[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a clutch friction material, particularly a wet friction material suitable for use in oil. [Prior Art] In automobiles that use an internal combustion engine as the prime mover, a clutch is provided between the prime mover and the transmission. The clutch provides the necessary slip when starting or shifting gears, and it is also necessary to intermittent power when changing gears in a gear transmission. In order to perform these functions,
Friction clutches are widely used. Friction clutches can be divided into dry types, in which the friction plates are used in a dry state, and wet types, in which the friction plates are immersed in oil. The wet type is mainly used as a friction element in automatic transmissions in the form of a wet multi-disc clutch. The friction material for wet multi-plate clutches used to be metal (sintered alloy), but recently paper-based friction materials impregnated with thermosetting resin and hardened have become mainstream. This means that it has good friction characteristics, is lighter, and
This is because it has been proven that it is inexpensive and has sufficient durability. Paper-based friction materials impregnated and cured with thermosetting resin (hereinafter simply referred to as wet friction materials) are made by combining organic fibers such as wood pulp, inorganic fibers such as asbestos, inorganic fillers, and friction modifiers. A paper base material made by wet papermaking is impregnated with a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin and then compression molded. Cashew dust is used as a friction modifier in wet friction materials to adjust the friction coefficient (especially the final dynamic friction coefficient). For example, JP-A-57-
There are No. 85876 and JP-A-59-175639. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Cashew dust, which is used in conventional wet friction materials, is made by condensing and polymerizing cashew nut shell liquid with formaldehyde or furfural, etc., adding a curing agent and mixing it in the presence of an acid or alkali. harden, crush this hardened lump, and further refine it.
Particulate cashew dust (hereinafter referred to as particulate cashew dust) with a size of 50 μm to 300 μm is used. However, the paper base material made by wet paper-making with this particulate cashyu dust is subjected to various forces during the drying process, punching process into a predetermined mold, or transportation.
Particulate cashew dust falls off the paper base material.
The shedding of this cashew dust not only causes deterioration of the working environment such as contamination of manufacturing equipment and floors, but also causes a decrease in the final kinetic coefficient of friction of the paper friction material, which adversely affects the friction characteristics. Furthermore, particulate cashew dust may fall off from the wet friction material attached to the automatic transmission due to impact during engagement or wear. In this case, the particulate cash dust that falls off becomes huge wear particles that are carried by the oil in the automatic transmission, causing valve sticking. The present invention has been made in view of these points, and it is an object of the present invention to prevent or reduce the falling off of cashew dust, which is a friction modifier, from a paper base material or a wet friction material, and to provide a wet friction material with stable friction characteristics. . [Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the wet friction material of the present invention consists of a fiber component, a thermosetting resin, and a friction modifier, and after the friction modifier is foamed and cured, the cured product is heated to a thickness of 5 μm.
It is characterized by consisting of cashew dust (hereinafter referred to as foamed cashew dust) that has been crushed to a size of ~300 μm. The fiber components that make up the paper skeleton include, for example, organic fibers such as wood valves, linter valves, aromatic polyamide fibers, and novoloid fibers, and inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, potassium titanate fibers, silica fibers, rock wool fibers, and metal fibers. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The appropriate blending ratio of fiber components is 40% in the paper base material.
~75% by weight. As the thermosetting resin, for example, phenol resin, melamine resin, epoxy resin, polyester resin, etc. can be used. 100 parts by weight of the paper base material is impregnated with 20 to 40 parts by weight of the thermosetting resin. In addition, as an inorganic filler, calcium carbonate,
Iron oxide, wollastonite, barium sulfate, silicon oxide, diatomaceous earth, etc. can also be used.
The blending ratio of the inorganic filler is 5 to 40% by weight in the paper base material. The foamed cashew dust used as a friction modifier, which is the main part of this invention, is produced by adding a foaming agent and a hardening agent to a condensation product of cashew nut shell liquid and formaldehyde or furfural, etc., and then heating it at 80°C to 210°C in the presence of an acid or alkali. The curing reaction proceeds while foaming at a heating temperature of °C. After being cooled and solidified, it is pulverized to 50 μm to 300 μm using a pulverizer. A rubber component such as natural rubber, chloroprene rubber, or acrylic rubber, a friction modifier such as graphite other than cashew dust, and the above-mentioned inorganic filler can be added and mixed to the condensation product before foaming and curing. Foaming agents include liquid foaming agents such as heptane and hexane, and solid foaming agents such as dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DPT), azodicarbonamide (AZC), and P-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH). Foaming agents can be used.
Further, a urea-based foaming aid can be used in combination. As a curing agent, a formaldehyde source such as paraformaldehyde or hexamethylenetetramine can be used. A suitable blending ratio of the friction modifier is 5 to 40% by weight in the paper base material. To manufacture wet friction materials, fiber components, friction material modifiers, and if necessary, inorganic fillers and fixing agents are dispersed in water, then paper is made using a paper machine, and after drying, it is shaped into a predetermined mold. Punch out. Next, a wet friction material is obtained by impregnating the punched paper base material with a thermosetting resin and curing it in a hot air oven or the like. [Function] The foamed cashew dust used in the wet friction material of the present invention is foamed during curing, so that the cured product has many bubbles like a sponge. The foamed cashew dust obtained by pulverizing this cured product has sharper edges than conventional particulate cashew dust, and contains a large amount of thin scale-like cashew dust, so it is strongly entangled with fiber components during paper making, and The cashew dust is prevented from falling off during the drying process, punching process, or transportation. [Examples] Examples of wet friction materials to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail below. Example 1 After beating 50 wt% of Linta pulp and 10 wt% of glass fiber in water to a mouth water content of 580 to 620 ml, 10 wt% of foamed cashew dust and 10 wt% of diatomaceous earth were added.
After 30wt% is sequentially charged, dispersed, and fixed with a sulfuric acid band, paper is made to a predetermined basis weight and thickness using a circular mesh papermaking machine to obtain a paper base material. This paper base material is punched into a predetermined ring, impregnated with 30 parts by weight of phenol resin per 100 parts by weight of the paper base material by a dipping method, and heated and pressure-molded in a hot air oven at 160°C for 45 minutes to a predetermined thickness. to obtain a wet friction material. Example 2 A wet friction material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the foamed cashew dust was changed from 10wt% to 20wt%. Comparative Example 1 A wet friction material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 10 wt% of the foamed cashew dust was replaced with 10 wt% of the particulate cashew dust. Comparative Example 2 A wet friction material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that 10 wt% of the foamed cashew dust was replaced with 20 wt% of the particulate cashew dust. The test results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are
Shown in the table.

【表】 第1表に示すカシユーダストの脱落は、抄紙工
程のあと、乾燥工程および打抜き工程でのカシユ
ーダストの脱落の有無を表し、〇はほとんど脱落
なし、×は脱落有りである。 また最終動摩擦係数はSAE#2試験機にて、
油温120℃の油液中、慣性モーメント=2.5Kg・
cm・sec2、回転数=3600rpm、荷重=300Kgの測
定条件下で2000サイクル試験した時の摩擦係数で
ある。 摩耗粉の大きさは、最終動摩擦係数の測定後、
試験機内の油をろ過し、摩耗粉を取り出し、摩耗
粉の電子顕微鏡写真により観察して大きさを測定
した。 [発明の効果] 以上説明したように、本発明の湿式摩擦材は、
製造工程中にカシユーダストの脱落がなく、製造
装置、床の汚れを防止する。カシユーダストが脱
落しないため、最終摩擦係数が低下せず、摩擦特
性が安定している。また巨大摩耗粉の発生もな
い。製造工程中でのカシユーダストの脱落がない
ため、カシユーダストの配合比に変化が起こらず
品質にバラツキが少なく摩擦材としての信頼性が
高い。さらに材料のロスがなく経済的なメリツト
もある。
[Table] The shedding of cashew dust shown in Table 1 indicates the presence or absence of shedding of cashew dust during the drying process and punching process after the papermaking process, where 〇 means almost no shedding, and × means there is some shedding. In addition, the final dynamic friction coefficient was determined using the SAE #2 test machine.
In an oil liquid with an oil temperature of 120℃, moment of inertia = 2.5Kg・
This is the friction coefficient when tested for 2000 cycles under the measurement conditions of cm・sec 2 , rotation speed = 3600 rpm, and load = 300 kg. The size of wear particles can be determined by measuring the final dynamic friction coefficient.
The oil in the test machine was filtered, the abrasion powder was taken out, and the size was measured by observing the abrasion powder using an electron microscope photograph. [Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the wet friction material of the present invention has the following effects:
Cashew dust does not fall off during the manufacturing process, preventing stains on the manufacturing equipment and floor. Since cashew dust does not fall off, the final friction coefficient does not decrease and the friction characteristics are stable. Also, no large wear particles are generated. Since cashew dust does not fall off during the manufacturing process, there is no change in the blending ratio of cashew dust, resulting in less variation in quality and high reliability as a friction material. Furthermore, there is no loss of materials and there is an economic advantage.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 繊維成分、熱硬化性樹脂および摩擦調整剤か
らなる湿式摩擦材において、該摩擦調整剤が、発
泡、硬化されたのち、該硬化物を50μm〜300μm
の大きさに粉砕されたカシユーダストからなるこ
とを特徴とする湿式摩擦材。
1. In a wet friction material consisting of a fiber component, a thermosetting resin, and a friction modifier, the friction modifier is foamed and cured, and then the cured product is 50 μm to 300 μm thick.
A wet friction material characterized by being made of cashew dust crushed to a size of .
JP21040386A 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Wet friction material Granted JPS6366232A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21040386A JPS6366232A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Wet friction material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP21040386A JPS6366232A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Wet friction material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS6366232A JPS6366232A (en) 1988-03-24
JPH0466899B2 true JPH0466899B2 (en) 1992-10-26

Family

ID=16588738

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP21040386A Granted JPS6366232A (en) 1986-09-05 1986-09-05 Wet friction material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS6366232A (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0226331A (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-29 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Friction material
JPH03215287A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-09-20 Hitachi Ltd Washing machine
JP2807125B2 (en) * 1992-06-26 1998-10-08 アイシン化工株式会社 Friction material
JP2878120B2 (en) * 1994-07-01 1999-04-05 アイシン化工株式会社 Brake pad
US7488401B2 (en) * 2005-07-11 2009-02-10 Sulzer Friction Systems (Us) Inc. Wet-laid friction material, system and method

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5877939A (en) * 1981-10-30 1983-05-11 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Wet type friction material
JPS594455A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-01-11 大須賀 勝実 Crusher and extruder for synthetic resin
JPS61148283A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-07-05 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Production of wet-type frictional material
JPS6372927A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-04-02 Tohoku Kako Kk Cashew dust and its manufacture

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5877939A (en) * 1981-10-30 1983-05-11 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Wet type friction material
JPS594455A (en) * 1982-06-28 1984-01-11 大須賀 勝実 Crusher and extruder for synthetic resin
JPS61148283A (en) * 1984-12-21 1986-07-05 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Production of wet-type frictional material
JPS6372927A (en) * 1986-04-21 1988-04-02 Tohoku Kako Kk Cashew dust and its manufacture

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JPS6366232A (en) 1988-03-24

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