JPH04506080A - Compositions based on polypeptides and amino acids - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Compositions based on polypeptides and amino acids The present invention is based on polypeptides or amino acids. Compositions based on peptides and amino acids.

Tryptophan is a precursor of serotonin and therefore has serotonergic effects has. As a result, it affects some functions and behaviors, but they is mainly related to appetite, carbohydrate consumption food selection (selective appetite) or satiety, i.e. food consumption and Hypnosis or sedation. Serotonin is involved in mood, depression, pain sensation, sexual behavior and aggression. It is also said that it can affect other functions and behaviors such as regulation and temperature regulation. Ru.

Indeed, premeal administration of L-tryptophan has been shown to improve food consumption and especially carbohydrate intake. It is now established that it reduces consumption. tryptophan reduces it It also has an effect on gastric emptying and an antisecretory effect on gastric acid, thereby increasing satisfaction and pleasure. Contributes to a general sense of ease.

Clinical trials on the effects of tryptophan on sleep have shown that it has been shown to be effective in individuals with insomnia and It was shown to be effective for individuals who take a long time to fall asleep. recent research So, when tryptophan is in high doses (500 mg) and combined with carbohydrates Tryptophan has been shown to exert an effective sedative effect on food. Depending on the selection of different weight groups, it has a weight regulating effect and can induce slimming if necessary. make it possible.

If tryptophan were to enter the serotonergic pathway, it would have a mood-regulating effect. It also has the effect of enhancing the effects of antidepressants and antidepressants, but its mode of action is serotonergic. Ru.

Medications like Hoxypral or Prozac Objects are mentioned purely for illustration.

However, free L~totrytophan has been associated with the appearance of toxic side effects, especially at high doses. It was recently banned in the United States and Europe after the appearance of muscle pain observed in patients.

Furthermore, arginine promotes the presence of high nocturnal levels of growth hormone, making it anabolic and fortifying. It is known to have beneficial effects, especially promoting growth.

The object of the present invention is to have a serotonergic effect, more specifically a serotonergic effect. - Slimming effect in overweight individuals without inducing a decline in tonicity: and/or Mood regulating effects and enhancing effects of antidepressants in individuals with depression: and at the same time the appearance of muscle pain, the requirement for high doses for the same effect and the latter induces Provides a composition that alleviates the drawbacks of R-released tryptophan, such as abnormal metabolic control effects It is to be.

According to a first essential feature, the invention produces L-tryptophan in polypeptide form. Consists of giving to things. Until the present invention, L-tryptophan in polypeptide form The important utility of absorbing

According to the invention, the passage of tryptophan into three barriers - intestine, liver and brain. Total metabolic regulation related to levels and dynamics is governed by the primary (intestinal barrier) was discovered.

Tryptopefene administered in free form, polypeptide and/or oligopeptide form The absorption efficiency and metabolic effects between the two groups are very different due to the completely different kinetics of their appearance in the portal vein. Differences were observed especially for milk protein hydrolysates. L4 Ripto Phan is a polypeptide form, i.e. a polypeptide with a high tryptophan content. preferentially absorbed with completely different kinetics of portal intravascular appearance when administered in the form of It will be done.

According to a first aspect of the invention, therefore, the composition of the invention has a high tryptophan content. Contains 50% polypeptide.

Thus, the present polypeptide has a tryptophan content of 2.2% by weight or more. Ru. This content is particularly important for albumins of animal origin, especially alpha-lactalbumin. It is found in eel milk albumin, but the second tryptophan in protein The average value of the content is usually about 1%.

For this reason, α-lactalbumin, which has a tryptophan content of about 6.6%, or A mixture rich in α-lactalbumin that provides more than 2.2% tryptophan is It appeared to be perfectly suitable for the composition according to the invention.

In addition, α-lactalbumin (tryptophan/)-dilualanine + tyrosine ) ratio is 0.06 to 0.3 for other whey proteins and milk casein or It is advantageous to have a value as high as 0245 compared to values of 0 and 13 for total protein. .

However, the (tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine) ratio is According to this, it is also a very important ratio. In fact, tryptophan has a serotoninergic effect. Phenylalanine and tyrosine must also be reduced in order to can have paminergic effects, because they induce dopaminergic effects. This is because stimulation of the minergic system occurs at the expense of the serotonergic system.

In addition, they have three barriers, i.e. tryptophores for passage to the intestine, liver and brain. is the main competitor of fans.

α-Lactalbumin is 0,0 with respect to casein normally used in slimming amounts. 38, 0 for the total protein of milk or 038 for the total protein of whey The value of 0.06 is about 0.195, which is high (tryptophan/phenylaid) The ratio (ranine + tyrosine + leucine + valine + isoleucine + methionine) is also shown.

However, (tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine + leucine + The higher the ratio (phosphorus + isoleucine + methionine), the more tryptophan is consumed. has a large effect on serotonin production. It is possible to pass through the brain barrier (third barrier). The ratio between neutral amino acids present in the circulating blood at a given time, i.e. phenylalanine + valine + isoleucine + leucine + tyrosine + methionine) ratio depends on. The higher this ratio, the more tryptophan passes through other amino acids. It is further promoted under dependence.

Advantageously, therefore, according to the invention, the composition comprises phenylalanine + tyrosine + leucine + valine + isoleucine + methionine) ratio is 0.065 to 0.2. Similarly, according to the invention, (tryptophan/thiophan The ratio (phenylalanine in rosine) is advantageously between 0.2 and 0.65, preferably 0.2. 9 to 0.45.

However, proteins with high tryptophan content, such as albumin, One drawback is that the ratio of lysine and arginine content (Lys/Arg) is too high. and Ratio of lysine and arginine content in blood circulation (Lys/Ar g) Reduces serum cholesterol, which is undesirable especially in the field of obesity and atherosclerosis. It also leads to an increase in role levels and an increase in the circulating insulin/glucagon ratio; because they induce the synthesis of lipids and cholesterol (Sanche et al., Atherosclerosis, 1988, 71.87) ts Consequently, according to the second essential feature of the invention, the composition has a high tryptophanium content. In addition to the polypeptide containing arginine, it preferably contains arginine in peptide form.

Preferably, the supply of arginine is in free form or constitutes a polypeptide composition. When considering amino acids, the overall ratio of lysine/arginine content is 1.4 to 2. Overall, this ratio is based on the average tolerance found in bovine or human milk. (human milk = 1.4, casein: 2.07, total protein in cow milk) Protein: 2.24, total whey protein + 3.3).

Furthermore, a decrease in the lysine/arginine ratio, and thus the insulin/glucagon ratio, It also causes a municizing effect.

Administration of α-lactalbumin accelerates satiety and slows gastric emptying during meals, Reduces appetite for carbohydrates and usually produces a feeling of satisfaction, but these different No or little effect is obtained with free tryptophan.

However, the (lysine/arginine) ratio of α-lactalbumin which is 4.7 is too expensive. For this reason, according to a preferred embodiment variant of the composition according to the invention, the composition The composition consists of a combination of alpha-lactalbumin and L-arginine.

In a preferred embodiment, the arginine is arginine aspartate, glutamate It is provided in the form of arginine salt or a mixture of these salts.

Research on new lean genetic breeds obtained through livestock technology manipulation has shown that these breeds are large-sized In mammalian cases, higher plasma concentrations of growth hormone and lower insulin This shows that it is characterized by its turin content. As a result, lean meat as much as possible Acts on growth hormone throughout the entire survival period so that it can be preserved intact. is preferred.

Therefore, arginine, which induces the nocturnal secretion of growth hormone, can be used to preserve red meat. It also plays a role in reproduction.

Therefore, in particular α-lactalbumin or mixtures rich in α-lactalbumin The combination of arginine and a polypeptide with high tryptophan content, such as For example, it has an anti-depressant or rebalancing effect on mood, as well as appetite and, if necessary, food intake. Regulatory effects on reduced consumption and choice of low-carbohydrate diets, which in turn induce a decline in tonicity. A composition that usually gives a feeling of satisfaction and pleasure, which also has the effect of promoting slimming without causing weight loss. provide. It maintains weight loss with the same caloric supply at the end of the meal or The absolutely necessary conditions for not increasing growth and lean lean meat (leaning) It also has an anabolic effect as well as an accelerating effect.

The compositions according to the invention follow the serotonergic pathway in their mode of action and their efficacy. It also compensates for the side effects associated with drug administration that prolong the period of time.

The composition according to the invention can therefore be used as a dietary or nutritional composition, in particular as a food substitute. as a composition with antidepressant and rebalancing effects on mood, and as a serotonin agonist. May be used as an adjunct to psychotropic substances.

According to another feature of the invention, the negative effect of the (lysine/arginine) ratio is If arginine is too high in the polypeptides of the invention, high nocturnal levels of growth This is because it is an ornithine precursor that acts in maintaining hormones. If so, give ornithine (lysine/ ornithine) ratio.

Therefore, in its most general aspect, it is an object of the invention to Polypeptide content and (lysine/arginine) content ratio is too high arginine or an arginine-rich peptide to correct the to compensate for the negative effect of the lysine/arginine ratio when the latter is too high. A composition characterized in that it essentially contains a peptide rich in ornithine. be.

As an arginine-rich peptide, arginine aspartate or glutamate arginine Luginine is mentioned, and acetoglutarate ornithine is an ornithine-rich peptide. Chin is an example. More generally, "peptide" means amino acids 2-8. It is understood here as

According to one aspect of the invention, the composition of the invention comprises polypeptides with high tryptophan content. It consists of a combination of L-ornithine, especially α-lactalbumin and L-ornithine.

Substitution of arginine with ornithine is recommended when the effects of growth hormone are most desired. , that is, it is especially recommended during the night time.

Therefore, in embodiments, the amount of Arginine spartate, arginine glutamate or acetoglutarate 1-10%, preferably 5%, in dipeptide or free amino acid form of lunitin, e.g. For example, 3-7% by weight of arginine or ornithine is added.

Ornithine is added so that the ratio of ornithine is 0.7 to 2.

Advantageously, the compositions of the invention are particularly low in protein containing methionine or sulfur. g equivalent of the polypeptides making up the composition. 2.5 to 7 rags or 1 to 2 times the level of taurine in human milk. Receive supplies. This is the case with alpha-lactalbumin. Taurine is found in fat Protects when the polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in are released during slimming therapy.

Alpha-lactalbumin can be used in pure form or as beta-lactoglobulin and whey albumin. Mixtures with other whey proteins, such as min, may also be used in the compositions of the present invention.

A mixture of whey proteins has anti-spasm effects and anti-inflammatory properties that limit nocturnal acid secretion. Protein CMP (casein macro peptide) with gastrin effect It is advantageous to include and use them.

In one embodiment, the whey protein is an immunoglobulin protein (with a molecular weight of 100,000 or more). Recovered after separation of phosphorus. The latter has a tryptophan content of 3%; They have a tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine ratio of 0.29 and a ratio of 0.09 tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine + leucine + valine + isolei Syn+methionine ratio. Additionally, they are difficult to digest and are allergenic. Ru.

A mixture of whey proteins rich in α-lactalbumin can be used in cheese curds, for example. It may be obtained by precipitating β-lactoglobulin. β-lactoglobulin Precipitation may be combined with extraction of immunoglobulins.

The composition according to the invention of the polypeptide type mixed with arginine can be used the day before a meal. Compositions preferably administered and comprising a polypeptide mixed with L-ornithine Preferably, the drug is administered in the evening before bedtime.

The composition according to the invention contains unsaturated fatty acids, especially γ-lylunic acid or stearidonic acid. Fatty acids having one double bond at position Δ9 and/or 66, and fatty acids having one double bond at position Δ4 and/or may advantageously contain a fatty acid having unsaturation at position 65, or according to the invention The composition of Contains oils containing them such as currant, borage seed oil or oil fractions.

The composition according to the invention may also contain vitamins, in particular niacin and vitamin C. .

Compositions administered before bedtime that have effects further directed to the regulation of mood and sleep are Long chain carbohydrates (dextrin- maltose).

The daily dose therefore consists of 1.2 or 3 single doses, in polypeptide form. The amount equivalent to 200 to 650 mg of L-tryptophan given, i.e. α-lactal In the case of Bumin it contains 5-20g of polypeptide, but if necessary L-Argin or L-ornithine up to 850 mg, e.g. 200-850 mg. .

The composition according to the invention can be used in small amounts, for example in daily doses of 90 to 200 mg, in free form. Tryptophan may also be supplemented.

In all cases, the total amount of free or bound L-tryptophan α-lactalbumin contains only pure α-lactalbumin. The amount of conjugated tryptophan present should not be exceeded.

In a very useful method, decreasing the (lysine/arginine) ratio increases the Vegetable tan with preferably low 1,000 rosin and phenylalanine content Substituting a part of α-lactalbumin protein with protein or vegetable protein fraction It may be obtained by using

Thus, according to another feature, the composition of the invention provides a total Soy protein and soy protein in amounts up to 30% by weight of polypeptides and proteins. Contains vegetable proteins such as wood grain, pea or fava protein.

The vegetable protein mentioned above is two-soybean protein with a very high arginine content. 8-9% for beans and 10-11% for bean proteins. Furthermore, those birds The putophane content is about 2 to 3% by weight. However, in particular, these plant proteins protein improves the (tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine) ratio and therefore It stimulates the serotonergic system at the expense of the dopaminergic system.

- In an embodiment, the composition according to the invention has a low phenylalanine and tyrosine content. Vegetable protein fractions with low lysine/arginine ratio and low lysine/arginine ratio Contains as a quality. The 78 fraction is particularly mentioned in the case of soybean protein (JA OC8, vol, 67, no, 5. p, 265), this 75 fraction Harizin/A Decrease luginine ratio and increase tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine ratio However, Trp/Phe+Tyr+Leu+Val+lso+Met) It also increases the ratio. Legumin fraction of Ento protein (CRCCrltical Reviews in Plant 5science, 1984. Vol.1. page 287) and the total globulin fraction of sunflower proteins (Infor mationsTechniques CETloM, NO, 102, 1988 /l, pages 1g and 53).

Examples of the above and below compositions include 30% by weight of protein in the composition as described above. This can be corrected by substituting natural proteins or vegetable protein fractions.

Some non-limiting examples of compositions according to the invention are given below.

α-Lactalbumin “Quality Mixture” (L per 10g α-Lactalbumin -) Liptophan 220g) is a whey protein rich in α-lactalbumin. It will be understood below as meaning a mixture. Whey protein in milk is actually β-lactoglobulin 50%, α-lactalbumin 22%, immunoglobulin 1 2% whey albumin, 5% whey albumin and 10% proteo-containing/peptone.

The α-lactalbumin-β-lactoglobulin mixture is mostly left over from the cheese industry. It is a distilled whey that lacks β-lactoglobulin and secondly lacks immunoglobulin. Obtained from whey. The amino acid composition of this mixture is as follows: diamino acids per 100g Monoaspartic acid: 14.1 Monoglutamic acid: 17.1 -Phenylalanine: 4.4 1 Histidine 2 3. O If a CMP donating product is desired, the product selected is β-lactoglobulin as described above. Second, rennet whey is devoid of immunoglobulins.

A.1. single dose 1. -α-Lactalbumin “Quality Mixture” 10g (conjugated tryptophan 220 mg) or - 10 g of pure α-lactalbumin (40 g of bound tryptophan L-tryptophan 220-00B provided in the form of 2. L-arginine or aspartic acid or glutamic acid arginine salt form 420 mg of arginine delivered with The resin/arginine ratio of this composition is 1.63, Trp/Phe+Tyr+Le The u+Val+lso+Met ratio is 0.06.

A.2. single dose 1. 5g pure α-lactalbumin (Bound tryptophan 20 Onag) 2, soy protein rich in arginine 7g fraction (conglycinin) 5g This mixture provides 250 mg of bound tryptophan, with correction by L-arginine. The lysine/arginine ratio can be reduced to 1.6 without the use of lysine/arginine.

A.3. single dose 1, α-lactalbumin 3% Trp 7g (bound Trp 21 otsg> 2. 3g of 7S fraction of soybean protein rich in arginine (conglycinin) 3. 200 mg L-arginine in the form of aspartate or glutamate This mixture provides 240 mg of bound tryptophan and a lysine/arginine ratio of 1. ．． Reduce to 6.

A, 4. single dose 1. α-lactalbumin 3% Trp 12 g (bound Trp 360 mg) 2. 8g soy milk rich in arginine 3. Dextrin-maltose type carbohydrate 12g1, α-lactalbumin lactalbumin quality mixture", i.e. L-Tris provided in the form of 5 g of Lactalbumin quality mixture. Ptophan 110IIg 2. CoDEX quality free tributophane 90+mg36 aspartic acid or is 1 g of L-arginine 210I in the form of glutamate The Trp/Phe+Tyr+Leu+Val+Iso+Met ratio of this composition is 0 ．． It is 10.

B.2. Give 1 daily dose or 1 or 2 single doses of tryptophan 220B α-Lactalbumin “Quality Mixture °10g 2. CoDEX quality tryptophan 180 + ag3, aspartic acid or glycan L-arginine in the form of rutamate 420Img 4. Vitamin Cl00mg These mixtures may be used in the composition of food substitutes and products for convalescent patients and products for athletes. However, depending on the laws existing in different countries, they may contain C18 polyunsaturated fats. fatty acids, appropriate carbohydrates, inorganic major and minor components, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, minor Supplemented with quantitative elements such as taurine, choline and carnitine.

Similarly, they are – per 20g of protein in the form of oils, enriched triglycerides and fatty acid esters C1g polyunsaturated fatty acids with a double bond at position 66 at a ratio of 50 to 400 mg, It may also be supplemented with aridonic acid or γ-lylunic acid.

B.3. Daily dose or 1 or 2 single doses 1, giving 220 mg of tryptophan α-Lactalbumin “Quality Mixture °10g” 2, CoDEX quality free L-tryptophan 180IIg3, L-ornithine 3 30B 4. Vitamin C 100g Mixture of 3 active ingredients containing C1 carbohydrates 1, “Pure °α-Lactalbum” Min 5g (combined Trp 200g) 2. 7g fraction of soybean protein rich in arginine (conglycinin) 5g 3. Dextrin-maltose type carbohydrate 5g1, “pure α-lactoa” Lubumin 10g (conjugated tryptophan 400mg) 2. Arginine 420I1gA in the form of aspartate, 2° 1. 10g of pure α-lactalbumin (400mg of bound tryptophan) ) 2. L-ornithine 330mg 1. “Pure °α-lactalbumin 5g (bound Trp 200mg) 2. Soy protein that provides at least a significant amount of arginine and a small amount of lysine 7g fraction (conglycinin), so-called protein oily or protein starch” Storage protein fraction 5g equivalent amount of arginine, small amount of lysine, primary sulfur Sunflower globulin, pea or soybean globulin, which provides a larger amount than the amino acid fraction containing it. Llama legumin or a protein with many metabolic roles from protein oily seeds. Low molecular weight fraction; - low molecular weight albumin from sunflower 8. Mixture of 3 active ingredients and 10 flavors 1. "Pure 'αα-lactalbumin" 25g bound Trp 200 mg) 2. 7g fraction of soy protein (conglycinin) g 3. Dextrin - 20g carbohydrates in maltose form 4. Chocolate flavor These protein mixtures are used in nutritional compositions, provided they are different. essential C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids, appropriate carbohydrates, depending on the laws existing in different countries. Inorganic major and minor components, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, trace elements such as taurine , supplemented with choline and carnitine.

Similarly, they are – per 20g of protein in the form of oils, enriched triglycerides and fatty acid esters C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids with a double bond at position 66 with a ratio of 50 to 400+eg, It may also be supplemented with thearidonic acid or gamma-lylunic acid.

They may be used in pharmaceutical compositions, for example at positions Δ8, Δ7 and Δ5 and/or 64. Nivitamin in a form rich in highly unsaturated C20 and/or C22 fatty acids with heavy bonds In the form of enriched triglycerides and esters of these fatty acids supplemented with E. - May be used in a ratio of 10 to 400 mg per 20 g of protein.

Example 3: Composition for preventing “spasm” or stomach pain and regulating nighttime secretion Mixture of C,1,4 active ingredients -“10 g of pure 2α-lactalbumin (400 mg of bound tryptophan) -CMP 1g -L-ornithine or dipeptide form of ornithine 330+ag -Taurine 60mg Mixture of C,2,5 active ingredients - α-lactalbumin rich protein providing 230 mg of peptide tryptophan Mixtures of proteins and CMPs These protein mixtures can be used in nutritional compositions. However, they may be required depending on the laws existing in different countries. Japanese fats, acids, appropriate carbohydrates, inorganic major and trace ingredients, fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins supplemented with minerals, trace elements such as taurine, choline and carnitine.

Similarly, they are – per 20g of protein in the form of oils, enriched triglycerides and fatty acid esters C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids with a double bond at position 66 with a ratio of 50 to 400 IIg, It may also be supplemented with thearidonic acid or gamma-lylunic acid.

They may be used in pharmaceutical compositions, for example at positions Δ8, Δ7 and Δ5 and/or 64. Nivitamin in a form rich in highly unsaturated C20 and/or C22 fatty acids with heavy bonds In the form of enriched triglycerides and esters of these fatty acids supplemented with E. A ratio of 10 to 400 mg per 20 g of protein may be used.

Summary book The present invention provides polypeptides with high tryptophan content and peptide-type arginine and and/or ornithine.

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Claims (19)

[Claims] 1. Polypeptides with high tributophane content and arginine in free or peptide form A composition characterized in that it essentially contains ornithine. 2. Claim 1, wherein the polypeptide has a tryptophan content of 2.2% or more. Compositions as described. 3. (tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine) ratio is 0.2 to 0.65, Composition according to claim 1 or 2, preferably between 0.29 and 0.45. 4. (tryptophan/phenylalanine + tyrosine + leucine + valine + iso Any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ratio of leucine + methionine is 0.065 to 0.2. The composition according to item 1. 5. Tryptophan-rich polypeptides are found in albumin from animal sources, especially milk sources. 5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: 6. Claim wherein the tryptophan-rich polypeptide is alpha-lactalbumin. 6. The composition according to any one of 1 to 5. 7. Polypeptide, free or peptide form of amino acids - arginine and/or free Any one of claims 1 to 6 comprising a combination of L-ornithine in isolated or peptide form. The composition described in Section. 8. Such that the total (lysine/arginine) ratio in the composition is 1.4 to 2. 8. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the composition is an amount of arginine. 9. Such that the total (lysine/ornithine) ratio in the composition is 0.7 to 2. Any of claims 1 to 7, comprising a combination of the amino acid L-ornithine and a polypeptide. The composition according to any one of the above. 10. Contains taurine in a supply of 2.5 to 7 mg per g of polypeptide, claimed Item 10. The composition according to any one of Items 1 to 9. 11. Any one of claims 1 to 10 further comprising L-tryptophan in free form. The composition described in . 12. Arginine is aspartic acid arginine salt, glutamic acid arginine salt or A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein is in the form of a mixture of these salts. . 13. Arginine aspartate and/or arginine glutamate make up the composition. 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% of the total weight of the constituent proteins 13. The composition of claim 12, wherein: 14. The method according to claims 1 to 13, further comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid or an oil containing them. A composition according to any one of the above. 15.1 or 2 single daily doses of L-tryptophr delivered in polypeptide form The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the composition is from 200 to 650 mg. . 16. The daily dose of 1, 2 or 3 single doses of arginine or ornithine is 200 to 8 16. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, which is 50 mg. 17. Soybeans, beans, peas, fava beans, sunflowers, hazelnuts and ground nuts Arginine rich and low tyrosine and phenyla selected from comprising a vegetable protein or a vegetable protein fraction with a lanin content, the latter is within 30% by weight of the total protein constituting the composition. A composition according to any one of the above. 18. Claim 1, wherein the vegetable protein is a soybean protein fraction rich in 7S fraction. 7. The composition according to 7. 19. Claims 1 to 18 as an antidepressant composition and/or a dietary substitute nutritional composition Use of a composition according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.