JPH04503547A - Method for optimizing combustion of fuel with minimum CO emissions and apparatus for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Method for optimizing fuel combustion with minimum CO emissions and methods for implementing the method Apparatus The present invention is designed to pre-empty a liquid mist containing water and/or alcohol. by introducing it into the gas/fuel mixture to form a homogeneous liquid/fuel mixture. The present invention relates to a method for optimizing fuel combustion with minimal CO emissions. Furthermore, the present invention The present invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method described above.

The liquid fuel used in this case is mainly petroleum; Tudo engines require fuel that boils easily and has relatively poor ignitability; Diesel engines require fuel with relatively good ignitability.

During mixture formation and combustion in Otsudo engines, ``gaseous'' fuels are often Mixed with air in the mixing chamber just before entering the cylinder, the liquid fuel is imprecisely It is mixed in a spray device called a Preta. In injection type engines, liquid fuel is The fuel is injected into the suction pipe near the intake valve and directly into the cylinder. At zero ignition point, which is rare, the fuel is evaporated and as much as possible with the air Form a homogeneous mixture.

This mixture must vary only within a narrow range, as a prerequisite for ignition and combustion. It has a high mixing ratio. Free and When enough energy is released, combustion spreads. In this case, in the combustion of Enoki Jun. Since the flame expansion occurs without dramatic speed changes, the flame front becomes almost conical. Propagates from the spark plug. The flame front velocity is the rate at which the flame front follows the natural motion of the gas mixture. Therefore, the relative combustion relative to the unburned mixture is increased by the conveyed velocity. It consists of speed. Influenced by the intake process and engine combustion chamber geometry It is known that the transport speed can be influenced by , in this case the high vorticity of the flow promotes the mixing process, whereas the directed The flow prevents the formation of a homogeneous mixture. A factor that interferes with combustion is the so-called ignition. Zero ignition cases where knocking and surface ignition (pre-ignition or post-ignition) are known. In rocking, the part of the mixture not yet gripped by the flame front self-destructs. It ignites and burns violently, in this case producing high frequency pressure waves, which Knocking and bell noises as well as component parts such as pistons and bearings In zero surface ignition, which results in thermal overload and mechanical overload of the is that the induced heat supply to the mixture, independent of ignition timing, increases the heat on the combustion chamber surface. hot oil carbon coatings, protruding seal edges or low This is caused by a spark plug with too high a heat value.

In a diesel engine, the fuel is highly compressed by the nozzle only just before top dead center. not injected into hot air, in which case the jets are of different magnitude and different destructive power. It breaks up into individual fuel droplets, creating a heterogeneous mixture.

Self-ignition requires a correspondingly high compression ratio, and the lower limit of this compression ratio is directly decreases with diameter. Combustion begins in individual fuel droplets, in which case the surrounding hot Boiling and evaporation occur due to heat absorption from the air. For proper diffusion of fuel and air Therefore, around the still liquid fuel residue, the Mixing zones of different concentrations are created, corresponding to the air ratio. Disadvantages in diesel engine The result is the well-known soot formation. High hydrogen content, commensurate with the boiling properties of the fuel. of the molecules burn first, and the refractory components partially undergo a crack reaction, at which point they In this case, the refractory molecules consist of almost pure carbon, and at low combustion temperatures the exhaust gas This soot remains as unburned soot inside the flame, and this soot glows intensely from the diffusion flame. It also produces a yellow coloration, whereas the premixed flame has a blue color (o Tudo Agency).

In particular, the exhaust gas from Otsudo engines contains high levels of carbon monoxide, which is produced due to insufficient combustion. Forms harmful substance content.

- Carbon oxides result from insufficient combustion, especially in air-deficient ranges, in which case the reaction process It is known that hydrogen gas reactions are well followed by hydrogen gas reactions. Actual fuel/air mixture It is not completely homogeneous, so even in the case of excess air, CO still appears.

For this reason, the combustion chamber shape is changed accordingly for the purpose of vortex formation for improved combustion. Attempts to reduce harmful substances by the institution Attempts to operate in lean fuel operation will result in energy-rich controlled ignition and requires as high a wall temperature of the combustion chamber as possible and at the same time complete cleaning of residual gases. Ru.

However, some of such measures have a power reducing effect on the engine, or Some of them have insufficient effect.

Therefore, the main research interest of the legislative side is to reduce exhaust gas through the use of catalysts. I'm aiming. The catalyst is a honeycomb coated with platinum, rhodium and palladium. The coating requires a hydrocarbon compound (HC> and Final combustion of hydrocarbons (CO) and reduction of NO8 in free nitrogen takes place. .

So-called three-way catalysts require a closed control circuit for fuel supply. (0. measurement as a controlled variable using the “O, sensor”).

Unfortunately, however, the catalyst does not allow the use of lead-containing gasoline; The reason is that this lead-containing gasoline acts on the effective catalyst surface.

Moreover, the catalyst requires high combustion temperatures of 600-800°C. The big drawback is Increased fuel consumption and ability to operate on unleaded fuel with low octane rating This is a request for institutional concessions. In a diesel engine, the catalyst is It's not really effective, because either this catalyst doesn't burn any soot or This is because it burns insufficiently. Also, regarding platinum separation for the environment. concerns also arise.

It is certainly known to add additives directly to gasoline; Additives especially (if they have a substantial effect) increase lubricity in the engine compartment. I'm trying to meet you. From the point of view of reducing the release of harmful substances, the additives proposed so far are It actually has no effect.

Further, in US Pat. No. 3,767,172, 2.5 parts of water and methyl alcohol are It has been proposed to add to the fuel an additive mixture consisting of 1 part. In this case Alcohol is attempting to develop a cooling effect that allows for ignition timing.

The object of the present invention is to improve the method and device described at the beginning so that combustion is optimized. fuel consumption and harmful substance emissions (especially CO emissions) are significantly reduced. The object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for achieving this.

The above problem is solved by the method according to claim 1.

The fundamental idea of the above method, which is important to the present invention, is that the fuel is "atomized" before it is introduced into the combustion chamber. In this case, during the combustion time, Not only complete oxidation of the carbon/hydrogen particles in the area of the droplet surface takes place; Complete oxidation of all carbon/hydrogen molecules in the droplet takes place. i.e. fuel particles The fine separation of the particles increases the surface area available for combustion. others For this purpose, a liquid mist is directed into the air/fuel mixture or mixed with the air. A liquid mist is directed into the fuel stream, where the liquid mist atomizes the gasoline droplets. Separates into droplets. During this separation, highly positively or negatively charged gasoline droplets are arise. These gasoline droplets would normally coalesce again. combination), neutral liquid particles surround small gasoline particles in the mixture and Therefore, it is prevented by maintaining its fineness.

Based on complete combustion, the provided fuel is completely utilized in terms of its energy content. In this case, up to 25% when operating the Otsudo engine, and up to 30% in some parts. of gasoline savings are achieved. Along with this complete combustion, a reduction in CO emissions occurs. It is closed. In actual experiments, the CO residual content in the exhaust gas is lower than 0.05%. I was able to measure it. This value was previously achievable using other technologies. much lower than.

The liquid or liquid mixture has at least one of the following properties: - a specific gravity that is heavier than the fuel for the purpose of atomizing the fuel; - the liquid has a specific gravity that is heavier than the fuel for the purpose of atomizing the fuel; High knotting resistance to prevent deterioration, The liquid is heated for a combustion time to completely burn out the hydrocarbons in each gasoline groove. can be extended or the combustion (detonation) rate can be slowed down. and desirable.

In particular, the liquid atomization is preferably in a concentration of 11,500 to 1/200 relative to distilled water. It consists of distilled water to which 1/300 of a weak organic acid has been added and alcohol. In this case, the amount of the liquid mist to fuel is in a ratio of 1 to 2.5:100. is added to the fuel. Water can prevent early, potentially explosive combustion from burning alcohol protect The added weak organic acid has a purifying effect. In addition to this, The mixture has a high neutralizing property, and such neutralizing property reduces the collection of small gasoline particles. Prevents the formation of large particles due to coalescence (adhesion). Furthermore, the mixture has good resistance to punctures. This is especially true for unleaded gasoline in highly compressed engines. ignition flame to produce a good and even distribution of the ignition flame throughout the combustion chamber. Close. Furthermore, the liquid is not chemically corrosive. Nevertheless, the combustion Yaki is energy-rich without sharp peaks. The reason is that all the particles are burned This is because that. Finally, alcohol lowers the freezing point of the mixture, making it similar to organic acids. It has good combustion characteristics. In this case, good combustion potential of alcohol This combustibility may otherwise be a cause for concern in gasoline mixtures. This also prevents dilution of the fuel, thus avoiding the risk of insufficient combustion.

The liquid contains 2 parts by volume of alcohol, preferably a lower alcohol, per 2 parts by volume of distilled water. It is advantageous to have coal, in particular methanol and/or ethanol, This alcohol, like water, burns more slowly than gasoline and burns inside the cylinder. Alternatively, to solve the above problem, A mixture of approximately equal amounts of water and methanol with a small amount of glycerin and methanol meth in the proportion of 200 to 400 g of oil, preferably 300 g per 5 liters of oil. It is also possible to add oil/oil mixtures to the fuel. I want to burn water vs. The fuel ratio and water/methanol mixture ratio is approximately 2.5 liters: 2 liters. It is desirable that tor = 200 to 300 g.

Method For technical reasons, water/methanol/glycerin mixtures and methanol/oil must be introduced into the air-fuel mixture separately from the fuel mixture, and in this case In the first stage, a mist of water, methanol, and glycerin is converted into an air/fuel mixture. methanol/oil mixture is added to the resulting mixture in the second stage. things are added. For this purpose, synthetic oils with high heat resistance are used, and this It provides lubrication and also helps clean the combustion chamber.

It is advantageous if the liquid has a low freezing point, in particular between It is advantageous if the liquid has a freezing point lower than It can be used even during transfer and will not freeze.

Based on the above measures, the accumulation of hydrocarbons that have not yet been completely combusted in the combustion chamber can be avoided. and emissions into the exhaust gas range (exhaust gas) are largely avoided. of deposits in the combustion chamber. The reduction additionally results in a significant reduction in friction during piston movement. In other words, Oi The lubricity of the oil is maintained longer. That is because oil is an unburned harmful substance. This is because it is not loaded by. Therefore, another benefit is obtained as a side effect. Ru. That is, oil change intervals can be significantly extended. conventional The emission of unburned hydrocarbons and their Due to deposition, hydrocarbons had prevented gas release. Furthermore, the attachment part Water can easily collect between the mufflers, which usually leads to premature muffler rust bring about. Therefore, avoidance of deposits will significantly extend the life of mufflers and exhaust pipes. Ru.

In a refinement of the invention, the liquid to which the organic acid has been added consists predominantly of distilled water. . Experiments using undistilled water have shown that impurities in water are harmful to combustion engines. The life of the engine is significantly reduced due to these effects. I found out that it works. In contrast, pure (neutral) water completely burns out hydrocarbons. Promote baking. To form a liquid mist, liquid is metered from a storage container. The spray is introduced into the spray chamber, and the spray chamber has a uniform liquid level at all times. It will be done.

When distilled water with added organic acids is used mixed with alcohol, liquid Advantageously, it is metered into the spray chamber from a single storage container. This spray A uniform liquid level is created in the chamber almost all the time, and in this case, there are porous holes in the i-body. A liquid molded body is located, and this molded body causes water to flow through a small pressure above the liquid level. Air is sucked in from outside. This air displaces the liquid located in the compact. Extrusion of fine droplets from other liquids (in the form of <t It is added to the air/fuel mixture or fuel via a control valve.

A mixture of distilled water, methanol and glycerin, and an oil/methanol mixture When things are used.

These mixtures are metered into different storage containers and discharged into each spray chamber. in this case In addition, a porous molded body is used for the storage container containing the water, and an alcohol/oil mixture is used. The storage container with the compound is covered with a metal grid with small openings. A stick body is used, and this plastic body is used to It has a mouth. Said molded body or plastic body, each serving as a spray body Air is sucked in from the outside through a small pressure above the liquid level, and this air The liquid located in the molded body or plastic body is separated from the other liquid, respectively. Extrusion into fine droplets (mist), and subsequently the atomized material is subjected to corresponding control. It is added in different stages to the air/fuel mixture or fuel via valves.

The vacuum formed above the liquid surface exerts a suction effect, in which case the molded body or Droplets exiting the plastic body or its microscopic channels are extremely susceptible to friction due to friction. Finely separated. In gasoline injection engines, in addition to the molded body, a control a press applied to a liquid by means of which pressure is supplied through a pump capable of It can enhance the effect. In this case, the sucked air causes droplets to rise above the liquid surface. Take them to the negative pressure chamber that has been formed. At this time, the droplet remains electrically neutral, so For example, undesirable polarizing effects introduced by charge carriers present in the atmosphere In order to avoid noise, a refinement of the invention provides that the inhaled air is pre-discharged. (neutralized), of course during the addition of other air to the fuel in each case. Therefore, the amount of air drawn in must be taken into account. Furthermore, in an improved form of the present invention is caused by the diaphragm reducing the air supply at relatively high air humidity. Therefore, the moisture content of the outside air is taken into account. Such a reduction in air supply would otherwise Excessive water volume may be introduced into the combustion chamber, causing dilution of the fuel mixture at this location. It is necessary because the

It is advantageous if the liquid metering into the spray chamber (evaporation chamber) is electromagnetically controlled by means of a float. Ru. This float primarily controls the liquid level in the spray chamber, i.e. maintains a nearly constant liquid level. It has the role of giving rise to Furthermore, the consumption of liquid by said float Occasionally, the supply conduit in question is interrupted and the system is put into general air suction operation (known in the art). (as known from ). Then the air is added to the liquid by the atomizing chamber. and inhaled without spraying.

Additionally, to prevent excessive liquid particles from entering the air/gasoline mixture. The liquid mist is guided through a droplet separator located before the nitrogen outlet. It is advantageous. For this purpose, it is advantageous to use a multilayer sieve with a fine mesh. Ru. Alternatively, the oversized droplets can be separated based on collisional action or further powdered. A zigzag-shaped guide surface with crushing impact plates is conceivable. stuck in this place The droplets return to the liquid bath in the atomization (evaporation) chamber.

The fine separation of fuel droplets is achieved through a radial inlet (nozzle) where the liquid atomized stream is ) and a central nozzle to direct the fuel particle stream through the This is done by creating the required shearing or comminuting action. similarly A circular negative pressure area is formed in the middle of the spray/vortex chamber, and this negative pressure area is It has an accelerating effect on the droplet/fuel/air mixture.

In this case, the liquid addition is controlled, for example, by opening the capletor flap. . The particle velocity is several meters per second. At the same time, it is subsequently mixed with the air/fuel mixture. The liquid particles that flow are small fuel particles that can recombine to form larger particles. to prevent

Additionally, and prior to the spraying of the added liquid (both temporally and spatially), the fuel Advantageously, it can be pre-nebulized directly or indirectly by ultrasound irradiation. . However, if the re-coalescence of the fuel particles is advantageously relatively small, as in the case of the present invention. These measures alone may not be sufficient if they are not blocked by neutral droplets of small diameter. Become. Said liquid has particularly detonation-suppressing properties; on the other hand, said liquid has Helps maintain the combustion flame until complete combustion of fuel particles. The engine runs quietly and evenly. Operates at the same time. Of course, advantageously the added organic acids have a purifying effect on the combustion chamber. have. The water/ethanol/organic acid mixture is completely harmless to the operator. harmful and not explosive at standard pressures/temperatures.

A corresponding theory regarding the atomized mixture of distilled water, organic acid, and alcohol mentioned above. Light is mixed with distilled water/methanol/glycerin mixture and methanol/oil mixture. This also applies if the spray chamber is used in a separate spray chamber.

When the fuel is combusted, glycerin is heated to each combustion temperature without any chemical reaction, and the It acts as a heat storage in the exhaust gas stream leaving the baking chamber. Exhaust gas pipes for multiple combustion chambers If a mesh diffuser is installed in the exhaust gas collecting pipe, the combustion will occur only partially. Unburnt particles may be present in the diffuser, possibly after being sprayed in the diffuser. Self-ignition is possible due to the temperature of 800-1000° C. generated in the laser N surroundings.

At this location, the particles finally burn in the flame that forms. After-burning like this provides additional CO reduction while this c.

It has the advantage that the reduction takes place with virtually no power loss compared to catalysts.

During general-purpose operation of a combustion engine, combustion has a very large effect on engine temperature or engine speed. It is known that they are closely related. Therefore, it is known from the prior art. Combustion in such engines is particularly bad, especially when idling, i.e. In this case, the co content is extremely high. Therefore, the idli of the institution During engine operation, this engine is operated only with said liquid, and for this purpose the gas Solin supply is also throttled to zero via the idle bypass conduit.

However, the liquid having an organic acid has a ratio of 0.1 to 1.5:1 to the amount of fuel. It is desirable that it be added at a ratio of 0. That is, for 100 liters of fuel, the average Only 1 to 1.5 liters of additive liquid is required, so the required liquid storage is Container tanks require little space and require less machinery space. does not require any expansion. The same is true for water/methanol/glycerin mixtures. The same applies to the use of mixtures consisting of tanol/oil mixtures.

Furthermore, when the engine speed accelerates (kickdown), the air sucked into the check valve It is advantageous if the spray is introduced impulsively (impulsively) into the spray chamber by opening and closing high-frequency waves. be. The frequency of the valve when opening and closing the valve is located in the ultrasonic range, which causes a Good atomization of the liquid in the liquid is achieved.

Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, any residual residue that has left the combustion chamber after incomplete combustion is The substance is post-combusted by self-ignition in a mesh diffuser in the exhaust gas pipe. In the case of , glycerin acts as a heat storage medium depending on the temperature generated in the combustion chamber. work.

Dressing according to the present invention! The problem posed to is solved by the features of claim 20. Further improvements of the device according to the invention are described in claims 2-44.

The main parts of the device according to the invention are: one or two reservoirs for said liquid; an evaporator or atomizer each supplied with the liquid from the storage container; and a liquid mist. Spray-cum-swirl chamber with already described radial feed and central feed for shaped articles and, if necessary, a neutralization device for the sucked-in air. already As mentioned above, depending on the operating conditions of the engine, liquid mist (with or without air) ), and is usually mixed with fuel in one or two premixing chambers.

The following configuration first involves spraying distilled water and alcohol to which an organic acid has been added. This applies only to nebulizers.

In this case, a liquid atomizer or evaporator is used for the normally required liquid atomization. It has a control device as well as a front chamber connected to the storage container. This front chamber floats The float is connected to a solenoid valve that controls liquid flow. unique The evaporation chamber or atomization chamber (or grinding chamber) has a negative pressure controller, and this negative pressure The controller also serves as an outlet or connection element for the spray and swirl chamber already described. . As "atomizer" for the liquid, a porous molded body, preferably an air/liquid Transparent press-molded composites are useful. This molded body is immersed in the liquid in the spray chamber. connected to the outside air via a conduit or can be connected to the outside air. Rather, the conduit has a separate controller for the air supply. That is, the molded body has an air suction chamber, which is exposed to ambient pressure or, in some cases, pump (in the case of an injection engine), and via this pump directly or During zero engine operation, where air can also be supplied indirectly, there is a negative charge in the injection 11 (evaporation) chamber. pressure is maintained. Advantageously, the air drawn into the molded body causes the liquid particles to Not only are they entrained, but they are also separated by friction due to the narrow molded body passages. and enters the spray and swirl chamber via the outlet. At this location, the liquid particles become fuel particles. Collision with the flow. Relatively large particles of liquid are held back by a droplet separator and Return to Rakuchu in the spray room. The negative pressure regulator not only maintains the vacuum pressure in the spray chamber; At the same time, it also controls the addition of liquid to the fuel. Another control device is the storage A shutoff valve between the container and the front chamber is activated (this shutoff valve allows liquid to flow into the front chamber at a predetermined timing). It is advantageous to send it out. In addition, a central switch acts as an additional control device. , this switch controls the removal of liquid in the storage container and the supply of acid to the spray chamber when the engine is shut off. The liquid supply is interrupted and the liquid is consumed, and the combustor is When the pump is switched to operation, the switch also shuts off the pump. , or connect. Furthermore, the central switch is configured to allow air to be drawn in from outside. Also connect a neutralizer for. A supply conduit leading to the atomization-cum-vortex chamber further provides electronic distribution. It is advantageous to have a container. This electronic distributor has a central nozzle inlet and a radial control the nozzle or its supply section. In particular, electronic distributors are capable of spraying liquid particles This method also suppresses the formation of relatively large droplets before being injected into the swirl chamber. Ru. The inner chamber of the spray-cum-vortex chamber is suitable to constitute a turbulent flow area. It is formed. In this case, the fuel droplet has a relatively small diameter particle ( Droplets) are subdivided from the outside inward and from the inside outward by the impact of the droplets. be mixed to form a sufficiently homogeneous mixture and gradually increase the engine's is derived in the direction of the driver. Therefore, the spray and swirl chamber is extremely short. For example, the thickness of the carburetor seal may be the same as that of the carburetor seal. Advantageously, a spray and swirl chamber is used instead.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, above the spray and swirl chamber there is preferably a Ultrasonic devices are arranged at intervals, and these ultrasonic devices e.g. The gasoline particles and liquid particles are further crushed.

Instead, use substances that are not soluble in each other, such as methanol, distilled water, and lyserine and a methanol/oil mixture are used. requires two spray chambers and a spray/vortex chamber. In this case, methanol/ For oil mixtures, specifically this methanol/oil mixture fine distribution/ Rather than porous bodies being used for evaporation purposes, metal grids or metal Plus with a fine outflow channel approximately 50 mm long covered by a mesh Since the tick body is placed behind, the methanol/oil mixture is sufficiently atomized. It will be done.

If glycerin is used, a refinement of the invention provides that the combustion chamber or combustion chambers If the exhaust duct downstream of the desirable. In this diffuser, high-temperature exhaust gas automatically generates Post-combustion takes place. The opening of the diffuser is, for example, 0.5 to 3 μm. range, advantageously in the range 1-2 μm, thereby still having a high CO content. unburned or only partially burnt fuel particles in the tissue. cleaved and thus the burning surface is increased.

In this case, the glycerin has a heat transfer effect.

In other words, the area where the diffuser is placed has a constant temperature of 800 to 1000°C. Exhaust gas temperatures are generated, which causes afterburning. reticulated diff The opening of the user is smaller than the part located in front of it towards the exhaust gas outlet end. After-burning is improved by forming a framework. covered by a diffuser It is advantageous if the free flow channel for the discharge is of concave design. In this case, The convex diffuser mesh area that intertwines with each other is approximately in the middle area. In the improved version, the diffuser network additionally has vane-shaped guide plates. This guide plate, which may be provided, extends in the longitudinal direction and directs the exhaust gases through the laminated In order to prevent the temperature load on the exhaust pipe that is normally caused by the flow, it is necessary to The fuser range is equipped with a fire-resistant lining. The diffuser is based on the principle of gas lamps. It works better. In other words, a network structure is arranged in the gas flow of a gas lamp. This structure ensures complete combustion without the disadvantage of high mechanical resistance.

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a device according to the invention for retrofitting a gasoline engine. FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the device according to the invention, and FIGS. The figure shows a first chamber equipped with two storage chambers, two spray chambers, and a spray/vortex chamber. 5a, b represent the corresponding arrangement shown in FIG. FIG. 6a ”- c shows a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 5, respectively; FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of the plastic body of the atomizer.

The storage container l required for retrofitting a general-purpose gasoline engine is a flexible one. It is connected to the sprayer 18 via a hose conduit 22 . From this sprayer 18, Furthermore, a connecting conduit 23 leads to the spray and swirl chamber 13, which It is provided in place of the normally existing carburetor seal (seal ring).

The spray/vortex chamber consists of a gas/liquid permeable material that carries an electrostatic charge. It is designed not to be energized. In other words, the material remains neutral. The air required for operating the device according to the invention is supplied via an air intake tube 24. It gets sucked in. This air intake tube piece has a diaphragm, which The chamber closes accordingly when the outside air humidity is relatively high, sucking in very little air. It becomes. The casing 18 has a front chamber 2 shown in FIG. It is equipped with 3 ports. This float is connected to the liquid in the spray chamber 4 which is connected to the front chamber 4. The connection between the front chamber and the spray chamber, which serves to control the surface height, may can be shut off by a float if a neutral liquid is applied. . A porous shaped body 5 is located in the spray chamber 4, which on the one hand has a conduit. At 19 it is connected to the outside air via the controller 11, and on the other hand it is connected to the pump via the conduit 8. connected to tap 6.

This pump is controlled by a separate controller 12. Furthermore, the spray chamber 4 is porous. A droplet placed between the shaped body 5 and a negative pressure regulator which also serves as an outlet valve of the spray chamber 4 It has a droplet separator 7 which allows only droplets below a specified diameter to pass through. In addition, a controllable shutoff valve IO is provided between the storage container l and the front chamber 2. It is provided. In the front space or the corresponding suction conduit 20 or Air can be sucked in via the suction tube 24, which has already been described with reference to FIG. child A neutralizer is incorporated in the front space or conduit 20 of the , preventing charge carriers from entering the spray chamber 4. Negative pressure controller already explained 9 and a hose connection 23, the sprayer 4 is connected to the spray and swirl chamber 13. Ru. This spray and swirl chamber first has an electronically controlled distributor 14, which The distributor has a central nozzle 15 and radially arranged nozzles 16 for distributing atomized liquid. in which the liquid is directed into the fuel or fuel/air stream to This process involves grinding the fuel/air stream into finer fuel particles than previously possible. Maintain a fine droplet.

The device according to the invention comprises two controllable shutoff valves 10 which operate as follows. Distilled water 2 flows into the front chamber 2 from the storage container l via the conduit 22 at a predetermined timing. 1 part of ethanol and 300 l of organic acid to water, preferably to the engine room. A liquid consisting of an organic acid that has a purifying effect is sent to the spray chamber 4, and is The liquid is sucked in by the porous molding at the location. This porous molded body Above or above the liquid level, a significant negative pressure is created in the spray chamber 4; The pressure causes "evaporation" of the liquid. The external pressure is at least equal to the negative pressure inside the spray chamber 4. 15 times larger, so that air enters the molded body via the conduit 19. Ru. This air entrains the liquid as it passes through the fine passages of the compact 5.

Due to the high flow rate, the liquid is separated into fine droplets by the frictional effect, e.g. For example, a bubble flowing through a liquid surface is subjected to a large shearing action, in which case the bubble is It is broken up into many small bubbles. This results in a mist consisting of extremely fine droplets. Bringing the formation of things to life. The relatively large droplets that still exist are removed by the droplet separator 7. It is collected and returned to the bottom of the liquid bath or spray chamber 4. From negative pressure controller Via a connecting conduit 23, the liquid atomization is guided to an electronically controlled distributor 14, which At the location, the atomized material is distributed to the annularly arranged nozzles 16 as well as the central nozzle 15. measured and distributed. The nozzle is arranged in a spray/vortex chamber 13 (about 2-5 cm in length). The atomization/vortex chamber is energized by the fuel or fuel/air mixture. be done. When a droplet impinges on a fuel stream having a high velocity, said droplet makes fuel particles small. The recoalescence of zero droplets that separates into fine droplets with a small diameter is the result of the recombination of charged gasoline This is prevented on the basis that the liquid present as buffer J is neutral.

The mixture discharged from the spray/swirl chamber 13 is then transferred to a combustion chamber, e.g. can be burned in a cylinder. The liquid assists combustion, in which case the combustion , avoiding shocking detonation and complete oxidation of the hydrocarbon components of gasoline. will be maintained until Complete combustion is far less than 0.5% in large capacity engines. This means that the minimum amount of CO released can be obtained.

Based on the measures according to the invention, a combustion chamber having a highly corrosive effect in combination with moisture Carbon deposition within the interior is also avoided. In addition, conventional methods generally reduce compressive force and reduce cylinder pressure. Also avoids carbon build-up on piston rings, which can cause rapid wear on piston rings. be done. The same goes for pulp surfaces, spark plugs and the entire exhaust cycle. I can do it.

Another major side effect of the method according to the invention is that so-called engine knocking is avoided. There is a particular thing. The liquid used creates an even heat distribution within the combustion chamber and eliminates unstable Prevents the formation of combustion.

Test drives conducted so far have shown fuel savings of up to 35%. We were able to obtain the co value. The co value is partially below 0.05%. there were.

Unlike the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the device shown in FIG. The storage chamber is provided with a respective supply conduit 22. This supply conduit Liquid flows into the front chamber 2, 2' via a controllable shut-off valve 10 or 10'. Enter. The formation of the spray chamber 4.4' (see Figure 4) is carried out accordingly. However, instead of the porous molded body 5, a porous body covered with a metal grid body is used. A plastic body 5' is provided, which plastic body is shown in detail in FIG. has been done. This plastic body 5' has a diameter of about 400 mm and a length of about 50 to 60 m. It consists of a substantially cylindrical porous plastic block 32 of m. The stick block has a central blind hole 33 with a diameter of 2-3 mm. this An air inflow passage (conduit 19) opens into the blind hole. plastic blocks It is covered with an immovably tightened wire mesh with an opening of about 0.2 μm, It has an annular or spiral groove 34 with a maximum width of 2 mm on its outer peripheral wall. . The grooves are spaced at an axial spacing of 5 mm. The grooves form air bubbles. work to collect.

This allows methanol to evaporate more easily than water, and oil to the molded body 5. shall not be added to the mineral or undergo a chemical reaction with the formed body 5 composed of minerals. Consideration will be given to the circumstances that should not occur. Furthermore, the spray chambers 4, 4' are connected to conduits. The conduits are connected to each other via a controllable flap valve 24. Ru.

This flap valve is operated via an electronic control unit 25 or a solenoid valve.

The first chamber of the storage container 1 is filled with distilled water, while the second chamber of the storage container 1 is filled with distilled water. The chamber is filled with a methanol/oil mixture. Both spray chambers 4 or 4' From there, the atomized liquid vapor flows into each spray/vortex chamber 13 or 13''. The spray and swirl chambers are arranged one after the other so that the air/fuel mixture is first filled with water. A mist is added and the resulting mixture is subsequently treated with methanol/ Oil vapor is added.

The relevant equipment parts, the supply conduit and the outlet conduit are matched to each other so that the spray chamber and Regarding the spray/vortex chamber, the above embodiments can be referred to as appropriate.

Furthermore, the supply conduit 19.19' has a breech lip valve 36 or 36'. , this breech lip valve is brought into an oscillating state upon additional air supply by conduit 39. and the air is delivered percussively into the porous molded body 5 or plastic body 5'. Ru. This additional amount of air is released via the controller 37 by opening the shutoff valve 38. It will be supplied soon. The above shutoff valve is used when the gas lever of a passenger car engine is kicked down. It is desirable to keep it open during idling operation of one engine or under no load condition ( During the off-boarding operation), the cutoff valve 38 remains closed. At the same time, Idli The gasoline supply is The supply is actually reduced to zero via the throttle valve. That is, bypass The needle valve installed in the idling nozzle is also closed. this In this case, only the mixture coming from the spray chambers 4, 4' is combusted. In this case, In particular, glycerin exhibits a reducing effect on No8 production.

FIG. 5a shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the exhaust pipe in the area directly adjacent to the combustion chamber. ing. The exhaust gas flows indicated by four arrows 27 are collected into this exhaust pipe 2. 6. This exhaust pipe has a diffuser 28, and this diffuser The pipe covers the entire cross section of the pipe when viewed in the exhaust gas direction. Is it the cross-sectional view shown in Figure 5a? As can be seen, this diffuser has a net-like structure, and in this case, the diffuser The space not covered by the fuser first tapers conically to zero. and continues to undergo corresponding conical expansion. heated to combustion temperature unburnt or only partially burnt particles containing glycerin The incoming exhaust gas stream, which entrains the particles, is guided through the diffuser network and In the case of , unburnt or only partially burnt particles are further atomized. this range The high temperatures produced in the , a flame 30 is formed. This flame covers the entire diff user and a section of approximately equal length. It extends for several minutes. For example, the diffuser has a length of 25 cm. Since this is desirable, a total flame length of approximately 50 cm is obtained. To protect the exhaust pipe 26 For this purpose, this exhaust pipe is provided with a fire-resistant lining 29.

The taper of the flow space not covered by the diffuser net is shown in Figure 6.11. - It is recognized from C. In this case, reference numeral 28 designates each edge of the diffuser network. ing.

In the variant embodiment shown in Figure 5, a two-part diffuser is provided. ing. Since the first stage corresponds to that shown in Figure 5a, the structure related to this You can refer to the composition. However, this diffuser has a second part. 28' is located at the rear, this part is configured accordingly, in this case the differential The user eye gap becomes smaller toward the exhaust outlet.

The gMl diffuser portion 28 is preferably about 15 cm, and the second portion 28 ' is preferably about 10 cm.

Furthermore, as can be seen from FIG. 6, a plurality of longitudinally extending guide plates are provided. These guide plates direct the exhaust gases in the area where the diffuser is located. Its role is to guide the flow in a laminated manner as much as possible.

Glycerin in relation to the amount of fuel supplied by the devices shown in Figures 3 to 6 is advantageously added. Particularly during the so-called "kick-down at 21:00," Maximum amount of glycerin.

The service life of the diffuser shown in Figures 5 and 6 is limited, especially if the mesh in question is not damaged. It is made of stainless steel that can be subjected to temperatures up to approximately 1800°C. generally not less than two years.

μ international search report international search report PCT/DE 90100111 S^　34505

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A liquid atomizer containing water and/or alcohol is premixed with air/fuel. (deionized) neutral liquid mist in a manner that optimizes fuel combustion with minimal CO emissions by introducing a homogeneous liquid/fuel/air mixture into the mixture. consists mostly of distilled water to which a weak organic acid has been added at a concentration of 1/500 to 1/200, preferably 1/300 of distilled water, and alcohol. or an equal content of approximately equal amounts of water and methanol with a small amount of glycerin, advantageously 200-300 g of glycerin per 4.5 liters of water/methanol. and a methanol/oil mixture in the proportion of 200 to 400 g, preferably 300 g, of oil to 5 liters of methanol, with the liquid mist as fuel, 1 to 10 g of oil per 5 liters of methanol. :1000, preferably in a ratio of 0.1 to 1.5:100, in which case the liquid mist is added in the form of fine droplets in the turbulent flow zone of the fuel/fuel mixture. Minimum CO emission, characterized by mixing with air mixtures How to optimize fuel combustion with output. 2. 2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the liquid or the corresponding liquid mixture additionally has a low freezing point, preferably a freezing point of -25 DEG C. 3. The liquid to which an organic acid has been added is 1 part by volume of alcohol per 2 parts by volume of distilled water. The liquid contains 2.5 parts by volume of water, 2 parts of methanol and 200 to 300 g of glycerin. 3. A method according to claim 1, comprising a mixture comprising: 4. The method according to claims 1 to 3, wherein methanol and/or ethanol is used. The method described in any one of the above. 5. 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the weak organic acid is selected from the group of carboxylic acids. 6. 5. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein the oil is a synthetic oil with a high evaporation temperature. 7. The liquid is brought to as low a pressure as possible before it is added to the air/fuel mixture. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spraying is carried out in a chamber with a pressure of 20 to 30% below the external pressure. 8. Said liquid consisting of water and alcohol to which an organic acid has been added is metered from a storage container into a spray chamber, in which a substantially uniform liquid level is formed at all times, in which case the liquid in said liquid is A porous molded body is placed in the molded body, and a low pressure above the liquid level is applied through the molded body. Air is sucked in from the outside through force, and the air forces the liquid present in the compact from other liquids in the form of fine droplets (in the form of mist), and subsequently controls the fine droplets (in the form of mist). 8. Addition to the air/fuel mixture or fuel via a valve. How to put it on. 9. said mixture of distilled water, methanol and glycerin; In this case, a porous molded body (silica) is placed in the storage container containing water, methanol, and glycerin, and the alcohol/ethanol mixture is metered in a different storage container and discharged into each spray chamber. A porous plastic body covered by a metal grid is placed in a storage container with an oil mixture, and said molded body or said plastic body is Air is sucked in from the outside by means of a low pressure above the liquid surface, and the air converts the liquid present in the molded body or the plastic body into fine droplets (atomized) from other liquids. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising adding fine droplets (in the form of a mist) to the air/fuel mixture or to the fuel through each control well. 10. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the drawn-in air is pre-discharged (neutralized). 11. The air supply is advantageously controlled by a diaphragm, in which case a relatively high 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein as the air humidity increases, the air supply is correspondingly reduced. 12. 12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metering of liquid into each spray chamber is electromagnetically controlled via a float. 13. The molded body or the plastic body is additionally supplied with a pressure corresponding to the pressure at which the fuel is injected through the injection nozzle via a controllable pump. 13. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 12. 14. When the engine speed accelerates, the air sucked in is passed through the high frequency (ultrasonic range) of the check valve. is introduced into the spray chamber in a pulsating manner (in an impulse manner) by opening and closing the spray chamber. 14. The method according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 or 13. 15. The liquid in atomized form is guided through a droplet separator, advantageously a fine mesh sieve, and the droplet separation occurs before the liquid is added to the air/fuel mixture under the formation of turbulent flow zones. The vessel or sieve only collects droplets below the diameter defined by the aperture. The method according to claims 7 to 14, wherein only droplets below 0.3 mm are passed through. The method described in any one of the above. 16. The liquid mist is blown into the diffuser chamber, possibly via central and radial inlets (nozzles) respectively, with the formation of a turbulent flow zone, in which case the atomized droplets impinge on the fuel particles. Claims 1 to 15, wherein the fuel particles are separated (mechanically) and mixed with the crushed fuel particles, thereby preventing the formation of relatively large diameter droplets by re-coalescence of said fuel particles. The method described in any one of the above. 17. The fuel is atomized ultrasonically before or during the nozzle feeding of said liquid atomization, advantageously in this case a carburetor which acts as an impingement plate for the fuel particles. The person according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the tough flap is irradiated with ultrasonic waves. Law. 18. In the first stage, a liquid mist consisting of distilled water, methanol and glycerin is fueled, and in the second stage, a liquid mist consisting of an alcohol/oil mixture is fueled. 18. A method according to claim 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17, wherein the fuel/air mixture is blown into the fuel/air mixture. 19. The incompletely burned fuel particles leaving the combustion chamber are post-combusted by self-ignition in a mesh diffuser in the exhaust gas pipe, and in this case glycerin is produced in the combustion chamber. 19. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method acts as a heat storage depending on the temperature applied. 20. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising an atomizer (18, 18') for a liquid upstream of a premixing chamber of a carburetor or engine. In the type shown, the atomizer or atomizers (18, 18') are mainly equipped with at least one reservoir (1) for the liquid and a float (1) connected to a solenoid valve for controlling the flow of the liquid mist. a front chamber (2, 2') with a negative pressure regulator (9, 9'); The atomizing chamber is connected to at least one atomizing and swirling chamber (13, 13') for mixing the liquid mist and the air/fuel mixture or fuel, in which case the atomizing and swirling chamber (13') , 13') has a radial and central supply (nozzles 16, 16'; 15, 15') for the liquid atomizer, which supply supplies the air/fuel mixture stream or the fuel stream. A device that is oriented to impinge fully perpendicularly to the fuel to optimize combustion of the fuel with minimal CO emissions. 21. The feed (nozzles 16, 16'; 15, 15') is connected to the atomizer (18, 18') via a pressure controller (9, 9') and an electronically controlled distributor (14, 14'). 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the apparatus is connected to a 22. A controllable shut-off valve (10, 10') is provided between the storage container (1) and the antechamber (2, 2'), said shut-off valve advantageously discharging the liquid at a predetermined time. 22. The device according to claim 20 or 21, adapted to emit into the antechamber (2.2'). 23. If the liquid can no longer be discharged from the storage container (1) or the liquid level in the antechamber (2, 2') is below a definable level, the flow 23. Claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the port (3, 3') is adapted to interrupt the flow between the front chamber (2, 2') and the spray chamber (4, 4'). The device according to any one of the items. 24. In the liquid remaining in the spray chamber (4, 4'), the porous shaped body (5), preferably an air/liquid permeable pressed composite with a porosity of up to 60%, is completely absorbed. 24. Any of claims 20 to 23, wherein the molded body is connected or connectable to the external environment (air) via a conduit (19) with a controller (11). The device according to item 1. 25. If two storage containers or one storage container (1) with two chambers are provided, a corrosion-resistant metal grid (35) is provided in the second spray chamber (4'). A plastic body (32) is provided which is coated with It is connected to the outside environment (outside air) via a conduit (19') with a controller (11'). 25. The device of claim 24, wherein the device is connected or connectable. 26. 26. Device according to claim 25, characterized in that the air supply conduits (19, 19') are each provided with a non-return lip valve (36). 27. Immediately adjacent to the check lip valve (36, 36'), the controller (37) A further air suction conduit (39) with a shutoff valve (38) operable by The injected air causes the check lip valve (36, 36') to undergo high frequency vibrations in the ultrasonic range. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the apparatus is adapted to bring about an action. 28. Another air intake conduit (8, 8') opens into the molded body (5) and/or the plastic body (5'), which is connected to a controllable pump (6, 6'). 28. The device according to any one of claims 25 to 27. 29. Before the atomizer outlet or pressure regulator (9, 9') there is preferably a maximum of 0. A droplet separator (7, 7'), preferably a mechanical multilayer mesh sieve (7, 7'), is provided for droplets below a (defined) size of 3 mm, 29. A device according to any one of claims 20 to 28. 30. From claim 20, wherein the air intake channel (19, 19') or the front chamber (20.20') of the atomizer (4, 4') is provided with a neutralizer (17), preferably a condenser. 29. The device according to any one of the preceding clauses. 31. From claim 20, wherein all controllers or valves and distributors (3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 24, 25, 36, 37, 38) are connected to each other via a central control device. 30. The device according to any one of up to 30. 32. 31. Any one of claims 20 to 31, wherein a display device is provided, the display device being adapted to indicate the level of the liquid in the storage container (1) or the chamber or its complete use. Apparatus described in section. 33. 33. The device according to claim 20, wherein the spray and swirl chamber is constructed in two stages, each stage being connected to a storage container (1). 34. 34. The device as claimed in claim 20, wherein the or each atomization and swirl chamber in the fuel supply conduit is preceded by an ultrasonic source. 35. 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the ultrasonic source is directed at a carburetor flap that acts as an impingement plate for the fuel. 36. The ultrasound source is located directly above the spray and swirl chamber, advantageously at a distance of 1.5 to 2 mm. 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the apparatus is spaced apart. 37. Two spray and swirl chambers (13, 13') are provided, by means of which a mist consisting of a water/methanol/glycerin mixture is transferred in the first stage (13) to the second stage (13). In stage (13') methanol/oil mixture atomized is injected into the fuel or fuel/air mixture, and the exhaust gas is injected into the combustion chamber or combustion chambers. An exhaust pipe (exhaust) through which the gas flows through the exhaust pipe (27) is located downstream. The exhaust pipe has a mesh-like diffuser (28) made of a corrosion-resistant material, in particular stainless steel, covering the entire pipe cross section, in which the exhaust pipe is automatically generated by the hot exhaust gases (27). 36. The device according to claim 20, wherein after-combustion is provided. 38. The mesh-like diffuser (28) has openings of 0.5 to 3 μm that are smaller toward the exhaust gas outflow end than in the front portion. 38. The apparatus of claim 37. 39. The opening is half the opening in the first part toward the exhaust gas outflow end. 39. The device of claim 38, wherein the device is sized to a minute. 40. Auto for exhaust gases (27) not covered by the diffuser mesh (28) The main flow passages are of concave construction, and in this case, the oppositely located convexly constructed diffuser mesh regions are in contact with each other approximately in the middle region. The device according to any one of claims 37 to 39. 41. Free flow for exhaust gases not covered by the diffuser mesh (28) The channel is of concave design, in which case two oppositely convex discs are arranged directly one after the other in a row in the exhaust gas pipe. 41. Apparatus according to any one of claims 37 to 40, wherein the user reticular areas touch each other approximately in their respective middle areas. 42. Viewed in the outflow direction, the first diff user range may be made of stainless steel, including the stabilizing fixing device or the guide plate, the area following said first area being made of a stainless steel alloy having a Cu content; 42. The device according to claim 40 or 41, wherein the last part consists of a pure Cu alloy. 43. A vane-shaped guiding thin plate (31) is provided in the diffuser net-like body. 43. The device according to claim 37, wherein the inner lamina is adapted to conduct the exhaust gas in a laminar flow and supports a diffuser network (28). 44. 44. The method according to claims 37 to 43, wherein the exhaust pipe (26) is provided with a fire-resistant lining (29) in the area of the diffuser (28) and in a subsequent area of approximately the same length. The device according to any one of the above.