JPH04502430A - Mechanical equipment and structure - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Mechanical equipment and structure P The present invention relates to mechanical devices and structures.

The invention relates more particularly to the applicant's pending UK Patent Application No. 2194182A. Concerning a structure similar to that described in .

Published UK Patent Application No. 2194182A shows The installation, which consists of six rod-shaped members forming a substantially tetrahedral structure, is described and patented. being sought after. The three that are not in the internal plane of the member are fixedly connected to themselves, e.g. The mounting of the machine tool has means, the other three members form the bottom of the triangle and suitably has means fixedly connected to it for positioning the workpiece to be machined by a machine tool. . The six members may have the same length and form a regular tetrahedral structure, or they may each have the same length. The attachment means connected to the body extends the length of the three members with the remaining three forming the bottom. The length of the member may be different from that of the member. Published patent applications may not use such structures. Useful physical and mechanical properties (stiffness, vibration response and thermal reaction characteristics) are described.

A solid base and one end of each member secured to the corresponding end of the other member at a common apex. A mounting consisting of a first set of members arranged in a connected pyramid is used in a structure. There are three or more rod-like members in the first set, and/or the bottom is Even if it is not simply formed by another set of three rod-shaped members, It has been found that the above benefits are maintained almost without compromise.

According to the invention, therefore, a solid bottom and one end are shared with the corresponding end of the other member. a pin firmly connected to the apex of the passageway and firmly connected to the bottom at the other end; a first set of at least three rod-like members arranged in a laminate, the bottom being Characterized by a structure other than a triangular structure formed from three rod-shaped members of another set. The mounting structure is provided.

In such a mounting, the structure is fixedly connected to rod-shaped members arranged in a pyramid shape and connected to the bottom. may include rigid members in spaced relationship.

Such installation according to the invention? The base of the structure can also be a more complex three-dimensional triangular structure. Or, for example, the other end of the rod-shaped member arranged in a pyramid shape is spaced apart. a machine or other object that is rigidly connected in a given position and that is separate from itself It may also be a solid, solid metal plate that is part of it.

The number of rod-like members in the first set may be three or four, and the bottom shape may be four-sided. It can form a body or a square pyramid, and each form a triangle or square. The other end of the first set of members may be fixed to each apex of the bottom. As contemplated in the referenced British patent, one end of the rod-like member connected at a common vertex so that the pyramid-like arrangement is actually somewhat of a prefix pyramid. May be combined.

The present invention will be more fully explained and understood from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, FIG. Tetrahedral machine tool mounting as described in No. 4182A is at the front of the device; FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the device taken along line 11-I1 in FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of the workpiece mounting table of the machine tool shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. is an enlarged sectional view of the tool holder shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of the tool holder shown in FIGS. The installation shown in Figures 6.7 and 8 shows the geometry of the device and the tetrahedral reinforced components. Figures 9.10.11 and 12 show the geometric structure of the invention with ．． 7 and 8 are actually realized.

The structure of the tetrahedral mounting shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes six rod-shaped members 1a to 1f.

Each member consists of an annular outer strut 2a-2f which houses a drawbar 3a-3f. Become. Hollow spheres 4a to 4d are provided at each vertex of the tetrahedral structure. 6 balls is one It consists of a pair of mating hemispheres 5a to 5d and 6a to θd. These hemispheres are screwed It is held by bolts 7, each of which corresponds to the outer strut of the rod-shaped member. is fastened to the strut by a bolt 8 attached to the end of the internal tension rod. Ru. rod-like members 1a, lb and I remote from the bottom consisting of members 1d%le and If; A machine tool holder 9 is attached to C. The machine tool holder has 10 bolts. and is fastened to the rod-shaped members 1aSlb and lc by the spacing block 11. Installation is by contact The applicant's co-pending application (reference number 132) whose filing date is the same as this application 386), those that can be folded over are preferred. . The machine tool holder 9 and the hollow ball 4d each have a hole that shares a shaft with the main shaft 13 of the machine. 12 and 21, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 (enlarged view), the holes are connected to the rotor 15A, Drive shaft 1 supporting an air bearing with stator 15B and grinding tool 16 4 penetrates. The stator has an extension portion 15C and an extended viscous damping surface 150. do. The bottom rod-shaped members 1d, Ia, and If are provided directly with the workpiece 19 under the grinding tool 16. A V-shaped sliding groove 17 is attached to support a workpiece holder 18 that provides linear motion. There is. As shown in Figure 3, the workpiece holder is provided with a dividing strip 18A. Ru. A viscous damping medium is provided on the joint surface 18B. The slideway has a wall thickness that is similar to that of other structures. The hollowed out portion 20 is made to have a wall thickness similar to that of the structural member.

The dividing strip 18A of the sliding workpiece holder 1B and the mating groove in the V-shaped groove 17 Air bearing rotation @ I5 and work I! There is relative movement in the area between the machine holders 9 and the The arrangement is such that the viscous resistance of the damping medium does not pose a problem for the required speed of movement. attenuation The geometry of the interface should be designed to accommodate the anticipated vibrations or vibration modes that require the most damping. for example, the drive strip of the sliding workpiece holder 18. The flat vertical damping interface between the tap and V-groove mating prevents the drive from sliding the workpiece. Effectively responds to horizontal mode vibration and main axis (vertical) vibration to the holder, and air bearing rotation The cylindrical damping joint surface between the rotor stator 21 and the hole of the machine tool holder 9 is Effectively responds to torsional vibrations and main M (vertical) vibrations from the rotating shaft.

This vibration damping principle, which utilizes viscous means, is described in published British Patent Application No. 21941. As described in No. 82A, rod-shaped members 1a to 1f containing a viscous damping fluid and where damping interfaces are fabricated or incorporated onto or within the component. It is possible to increase the damping effect if the It is possible to achieve this without doing anything. That is, attenuation is essentially about 3 structural rules. It is parallel rather than in series with the pump, and even if the viscous damping is increased, the structural rigidity is improved. It only increases.

Using a fluid with a selected viscous damping layer thickness (i.e., the distance ff between the hard surfaces consisting of damping joint surfaces) If the diameter is 50 microns or more, normal engineering should be carried out. Friction (wear, pick-up, abrasion) problems do not occur within the range of dimensional tolerances. a There is no need for the two surfaces to be in close proximity, as is the case with existing machines. This causes friction problems and when two surfaces are in close proximity or intermittently in contact, sticking This makes it possible to eliminate irregular vibrations that often occur due to slipping.

The known mounting shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is similar to the known mounting shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 9, which is a simple perspective view of the structure, the edges are rod-shaped members 1a to If. It is illustrated in FIG. 5 as a regular tetrahedron. The main shaft 13 of the machine is shown in both FIG. 5 and FIG. It is represented by the broken line FA.

According to a first embodiment (not shown) of the present invention, the bottom of the structure includes three rod-shaped members ld Instead of consisting of %le and If and balls 4as4b and 4c that join the rod-shaped members is a solid metal plate or other structure, the bottom of which includes members 1a, lb and 1c. The lower ends are rigidly joined at spaced locations. No support for plates or other structures Even when standing, for example, a member la with auxiliary equipment arranged in the form of a pyramid S lb and 1c and members 1a, lb and 1c in spaced relationship with the plate or other structure lc (such as the tool holder 9 shown in Figures 1 and 2) can be mounted by means of It may also be part of a separate article, such as a machine to which it is attached.

Members 1a1 lb arranged in a pyramid shape having a common spherical joint 4d and lc are not for the purpose of installing (or simply installing) auxiliary equipment ( (Additionally) Plate-like refers to the use of a plate or other structure for the purpose of adding rigidity or rigidity to a structure. It is attached to the structure.

A second embodiment of the invention (also not shown) each having remote ends rigidly connected to the bottom. There are three or more sets of rod-like members arranged in a pyramid shape, for example, four or five sets. Usually, the rods in these pairs do not necessarily have to be of the same length, but are square. It is made into a weight or a pentagonal weight. As in the first embodiment, the remote end of each member The bottom to be fixed is a plate that stands unsupported or is a component of a separate entity. or a panel or other structure; in this example, The structure is joined at its ends to form a flat four-sided or pentagonal structure (complete triangular structure). A set of four or more rods (with or without the addition of rod-like members to five rod-shaped members and one end is firmly attached to the corresponding end of another member at a common vertex. The other end (same as the other end of the first set of rod-like members) is square or five-sided. Another set of four or five bar laminates rigidly connected to each corner of the square The members 1a, lb and lc arranged in a radial shape have the shape of a non-return tetrahedron. and are on the same plane connected by spherical joints 4a', 4b' and 4C'. and lc’ within the limits imposed by the need to maintain a high resonant frequency. This is not possible, and the overall shape of two square pyramids placed back to back is provided. .

The ends are attached, and one end of each of the other four rod-like members forms a hexagonal square. When attached, the other end has a pyramid structure that mirrors the structure of the first set of members. They are similar in that they are tightly bound together. Such a structure is completely Cannot be divided into squares (another member must be added as a diagonal of the square) ), but it is still a very desirable structure, and it is possible to mount tools, etc. within its boundaries. The workspace is spacious and offers all the benefits of a fully triangulated structure without actually compromising It becomes possible to enjoy it without having to do it.

As in another embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 11, the auxiliary spindle PA' is connected to the main spindle PA by 90' ( (as shown) or other predetermined angles. If so, structural symmetry can be maintained almost completely, and other beneficial properties can also be largely maintained. can be maintained without any compromise. For its purpose, the bottom 22° is member 1d', le' and If' and spherical joints 4a', 4b' and 4 as shown in Figure 1O. 0' and one end of each member 1 joined by spherical join) 4d' It consists of a', lb' and lc'. However, in this embodiment, the member 1a' and the IC ’ are fixed to the gillants 4a’ and 4c’ as described above, but these two two members and member lb' swing together 90'' around the line of member If', and member 1 The end of b' remote from joint 4d' is connected to another spherical joint 23. Another rod shape fixed between the joint 23 and the joints 4a', 4b' and 4c' It is firmly positioned by members 24, 25 and 26 (of similar construction). this Due to the arrangement, the mounting means can be attached to members 1a, lb and lc and/or parts along axis PA. At predetermined positions on the members 1d', Ie' and If', and along the auxiliary axis PA'' 1a', 15' and lc'' and/or predetermined positions on members If', 24 and 26. It becomes possible to stick to. If the angle between the axes PA and FA' is 90'', then the part The length of the material 25 is longer than other rod-shaped members, and therefore the resonance frequency is Care should be taken to keep it close to or equal to that of the member.

The bottom 22' has a non-pressure first tetrahedron (an edge consisting of members 24, 25 and 26 and an inner part thereof). vertices 4a', 4b' to which the members 1a, lb and ``C are firmly connected; 4c゛ and 23) and attached to one of the lower triangular faces of this first tetrahedron. members 1a', lb', and lc' and a joint joint 4d' common to these members It consists of a pyramid-like structure consisting of.

Other mounting structures according to the invention may be devised for specific purposes. For example, fig. On each of the lower triangular faces of the tetrahedral bottom 22 shown in 10 are members 1a, lb, lc and 4. Attach a pyramid-like structure such as the one consisting of Along each of the three intersecting auxiliary axes the mounting means can be attached. . There is no need for these pyramidal structures to be isosceles. Shown in Figures 8 and 12 , if the lengths are unequal, and if necessary for a particular purpose, the common length of each The apex may be offset from the principal axis PA defined in a symmetrical case.

Attachment uses balls to join adjacent ends of the various rod-like members that make up the structure. Please understand that this is not necessarily the essential thing. Provides static stiffness Replaces a rigid “hinge” consisting of a welded contact or pin joint with just enough May be used for

As per applicant's co-pending application (Reference No. 132386), vibration damping is It is also beneficial to introduce it at absorption points.

The installation according to the invention does not limit the use of the device on machine tools. advanced It can be used in any way such as surface metrology that requires stiffness or stiffness. .

As mentioned above, the low truncated state of the apex formed when rod-shaped members are combined is , for example, to facilitate the apex attachment of auxiliary structures. It is to be done.

Looking again at the first embodiment of the invention described above (not shown), which includes a plate-shaped bottom, such implementation Examples include rod-shaped members 1a, lb, and 1c as shown in FIGS. Another entity/structure with the type of bilarad-like structure represented by the joint 4d as an additional characteristic. in addition to positional accuracy, dynamic stiffness, etc. on itself or on its essential components. for example, while maintaining its position relative to other entities/structures. This is a result of isolating component members from environmental concerns (vibration, twisting, etc. due to heat effects) I hope you understand that. Such additional features, for example, may have structural or environmental drawbacks. installation of cutting tools, sensors or measuring devices on existing objects or structures or when existing entities/structures are cost-effective (i.e. , to eliminate the need to discard entire defective entities/structures) It may be set in An example of such an additional feature is that the three hemispherical attachments connect the mating surface to an entity or structure. It is an addition to the structure, and the pyramid-shaped additional mounting on each of the three hemispherical joint surfaces is a tool. One end of each of the three rod-shaped members is fixed. Due to the three-point installation tools or other equipment onto the mounting with minimal self-stress. It becomes possible. In actual installation, the points need to extend to a finite area, but these The surface is spherical, and the spherical shape shown in Figures 1 and 2 is used to minimize self-stress. Preferably, as in the case of di-ind, if binge-e ind is Deviations are minimized.

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Claims (26)

[Claims] 1. a solid base and a first set of at least three rod-like members arranged in a pyramidal manner; , each of which has a common vertex at one end to the corresponding end of the other member. a mounting structure that is rigidly coupled and is rigidly coupled to the bottom at the other end; This is different from a triangular structure in which the bottom is simply formed by another set of three wooden bar members. The mounting structure is characterized by: 2. Fixedly connected to the rod-shaped member arranged in a pyramid shape and spaced apart from the bottom. The attachment of claim 1 including attachment means comprising rigid members in placed relationship. structure. 3. The attachment according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rod-shaped members have substantially the same dimensions. ke structure. 4. The rod-shaped members are connected at one end thereof by a substantially spherical hollow member. The mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5. 5. The mounting structure of claim 4, wherein said hollow member comprises a pair of mating hemispheres. 6. Any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rod-shaped member is joined by welding contact. Mounting structure described in . 7. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rod-shaped member is connected by a pin joint. Mounting structure described in any of the above. 8. In the above claim, a shock absorbing means is arranged between the rod-like members to inhibit the transmission of vibrations. Mounting device according to any of the requirements. 9. Vibration sensitivity maximizes the fundamental frequency of equipment components using low aspect ratios A mounted statue according to any of the preceding claims, which is reduced by: 10. The foregoing claim wherein each of said rod-like members comprises a strut member and a tension member. Mounting structure described in either. 11. Claim 1: Each rod-like member comprises an annular member having a pull bar extending therethrough. Mounting structure described in 0. 12. adjusting the fundamental frequency of vibration of the annular member corresponding to at least one of said tension rods; 12. The mounting structure according to claim 11, further comprising an adjusting screw arrangement. 13. a viscous damping material in at least one of the annular members between the annular member and the pull bar; The mounting structure according to claim 11, further comprising: 14. The other end of the rod-shaped member whose bottom is disposed on the pyramid is spaced apart. The foregoing claim is a metal plate or other structure that is rigidly joined in a fixed position. The mounting structure described in any of the above. 15. Claim 1, wherein the plate or other structure is part of a separate machine. Mounting structure described in 4. 16. The bottom has a three-dimensional triangular division structure, and each of the rod-shaped members is separated from the other. 14. Any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the ends of the installation structure. 17. According to any one of claims 1 to 15, the number of rod-shaped members of the first set is three. Mounting structure included. 18. 18. The mounting structure of claim 17, wherein the bottom has a tetrahedral shape. 19. The bottom and the first set of rod-like members together form a double tetrahedron. 19. The mounting structure according to any one of 18. 20. The bottom is firmly coupled to the other ends of the first set of rod-shaped members, respectively. A first tetrahedron and a pillar with one triangular face defined by three vertices at least one further disposed on the mid and attached to another triangular face of the tetrahedron; 18. The mounting structure according to claim 17, further comprising another set of three rod-shaped members. 21. Claims 1 to 15, wherein the number of rod-shaped members in the first set is four or five. The mounting structure described in any of the above. 22. The bottom has the shape of a square pyramid consisting of eight rod-shaped members, and the eight rods Four of the shaped members are firmly connected at their ends to form a square, each corner of which has a front The ends of the first set of rod-like members are attached, and each of the other four rod-like members is attached. One end is attached to each of said corners and the other end is a common pyramid 22. The mounting structure according to claim 21, wherein the mounting structure is joined at a shaped apex. 23. 2. The bottom is formed from rod-like members rigidly connected at each end. 23. The attachment device according to any one of 6 to 22. 24. The means for connecting the rod-like member of the bottom and the end thereof is the rod-like member of the first set. 24. The mounting structure according to claim 23, wherein the mounting structure is similar in structure to that of the end coupling means. 25. characterized by incorporating the mounting structure according to any of the preceding claims. machine tools. 26. It is characterized by incorporating the mounting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 25. Measuring device.