JPH0442900B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a commutator motor, and particularly to a voltage switching type commutator motor used in vacuum cleaners and the like.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, when exporting a vacuum cleaner to the Middle East, where the voltage differs depending on the region, for example, the vacuum cleaner motor has a voltage of 110V and 220V, and the number of turns of the field winding is By switching, one electric motor can handle the problem.

For this reason, when used at a voltage of 220V, there was a drawback that the temperature rise in the field winding was excessive.

That is, in general, the mechanical output P of the electric motor is
It is shown by the following formula.

P=E・Ia...(1) However, E is the back electromotive force and Ia is the armature current.

Here, if separate motors are used to handle voltages of 110V and 220V, and the same mechanical output P is to be obtained, the current of the motor for voltage 110V will be twice the current of the motor for voltage 220V.

In addition, since the back electromotive force E is expressed by the following formula, the total number of conductors for the motor dedicated to voltage 220V is twice the total number of conductors for the motor dedicated to voltage 110V, and the constants of the two motors are significantly different. It is.

E=P・φ・n・z (2) However, P is the number of poles, φ is the amount of magnetic flux of the main magnetic pole, n is the rotation speed, and z is the total number of conductors.

Therefore, in order to handle voltages of 110V and 220V with one motor, the total number of conductors in the motor should be reduced to 110V and 220V.
The setting is somewhere between a dedicated electric motor and a 220V dedicated motor.

The desired motor output when used at a voltage of 220V is obtained by increasing the number of turns of the field winding to increase the amount of magnetic flux of the main pole.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in reality, the number of turns of the field winding is simply 2.
Even if it is doubled, the main pole magnetic flux cannot be doubled due to the saturation of the magnetic circuit, so the voltage
The number of turns of the 220V field winding must be set to a very large number.

For this reason, voltage switching type motors
When operating at 110V, the total number of conductors in the motor is greater than that of a 110V dedicated machine, so rectification is poor, and on the other hand, the voltage
When operated at 220V, there was a drawback that the temperature rise in the field winding was excessive.

In view of the above drawbacks, the present invention aims to provide a commutator motor suitable for a voltage switching type, which improves rectification when used at a voltage of 110V and reduces the temperature of the field winding when used at a voltage of 220V. , that is its purpose.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention is configured as follows (note that the symbols attached to the constituent elements are those of the embodiments for convenience of explanation). An armature 9 in which an armature winding 7 connected to a child 8 and a commutator 8 is arranged, and main pole iron cores 15A and 15B related to magnetic poles.
The stator 1 has field windings 14C and 14D wound around it.
3', air-core commutator windings 16A and 16B arranged on the stator 13' to generate magnetomotive force in a direction that reduces the armature reaction magnetomotive force, high voltage contacts 31 and 33, and low voltage The field windings 14C, 14D have terminals connected to the high voltage contacts 31, 33, and Tap 23
A, 23B are connected to the low voltage contacts 32, 34, and the air core commutator windings 16A, 16 are connected to the taps 23A, 23B.
Part 14 of field windings 14C and 14D on 23B
It is connected in series with A-1 and 14B-1.

[Effect]

According to the above configuration, when the power supply 17 used is a low voltage power supply, for example, 110V, when the contacts 32 and 34 are selected by switching the switch 18, the parts 14A-1 and 14B-1 of the field windings 14C and 14D
and air core commutator windings 16A, 16B connected in series with this
is electrically connected to the power source 17.

In this case, the air core interpole windings 16A, 16B act only when the field windings 14A-1, 14B-1 are selected,
If the 110V specification is used, rectification can be improved especially when using low voltages where the total number of conductors increases due to the voltage switching method. Moreover, this allows the number of turns of the motor winding 7 to be increased to some extent.

On the other hand, the power supply 17 used is a high voltage power supply (for example,
220V), when the switch 18 selects the contacts 31 and 33, the entire field windings 14C and 14D are connected to the power supply 1.
7 and functions as a field winding for high voltage, and the air core commutator windings 16A and 16B are not excited. In this case, since it is possible to increase the number of turns of the armature winding 7 as described above, the field winding 14 is
C, 14D can be reduced to reduce the temperature rise of the field coil.

〔Example〕

Next, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the respective figures.

Here, first, FIG. 1 is a partially omitted main part sectional view of a commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1. FIG.

That is, in FIG. 1, a shaft 3 having both shafts supported by bearings 2A and 2B is arranged in a housing 1.

An armature core 5 having a plurality of slots 4 formed on the circumference is fixed to the shaft 3, and an armature coil 6 (see Fig. 2) is installed in each slot 4 of the armature core 5. It is fitted and forms the armature winding 7.

A commutator 8 is fixed to one end of the shaft 3 to form an armature 9.

Further, a brush 11 housed in a brush holder 10 supported by the housing 1 is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the commutator 8 by an elastic body 12.

Thus, a stator core 13 is fixed to the housing 1 at a position corresponding to the outer periphery of the armature 9 described above, and a field winding 14 is fitted into the stator core 13 so that the stator 3' It consists of
This field winding 14 includes each field winding 14C, which will be described later.
It is composed of 14D.

Next, in FIG. 2, as described above, in the armature 9, the armature core 5 is fixed to the shaft 3, and the armature coil 6 is fitted into the slot 4 of the armature core 5. A stator core 13 is supported by the housing 1 on the outer periphery of the armature 9 with a predetermined gap therebetween.

In the stator core 13, field windings 14C and 14D for high voltage 220V are fitted into the main pole cores 15A and 15B.
Some of the windings 14A-2 and 14 among C and 14D
Consideration has been made to allow parts 14A-1 and 14B-1, excluding B-2, to be used also as a 110V field winding for low voltage (this will be described later), and between main pole iron cores 15A and 15B. , air core commutator winding 16
A and 16B are arranged.

The air core interpole windings 16A and 16B are wound so as to generate a magnetomotive force in a direction that reduces the armature reaction magnetomotive force, and the generation of the magnetomotive force reduces the armature reaction and produces a commutating spark. It serves the function of improving.

FIG. 3 shows the circuit configuration of the commutator motor of this embodiment.

In FIG. 3, 17 is a power source to be used, and 18 is a changeover switch.

The changeover switch 18 is connected to the power terminal 2 of the power supply 17.
1, 22, high voltage contacts 31, 33, low voltage contacts 32, 34, and power terminal 21 to contact 3.
a movable contact piece 19 which is switched and connected to one of 1 and 32;
It is comprised of a movable contact piece 20 that switches and connects the power supply terminal 22 to one of the contacts 33 and 34.

The terminals of the field windings 14C and 14D are connected to the high voltage contacts 31 and 33, and the terminals are connected to the taps 23.
It is connected to the low voltage contacts 32 and 34 via A and 23B.

In addition, the air core commutator winding 16A has a tap 23A.
It is connected in series with a part 14A-1 of the field winding 14C at the top, and the air core commutator winding 16B is connected in series with tap 2.
It is connected in series with part 14B-1 of field winding 14D on 3B.

And in such a connection, the voltage 110V
When using the power supply 17, selector switch 1
Contact piece 19 and contact point 32 in power terminal 21 of No. 8
By connecting the contact piece 20 and the contact point 34 of the power supply terminal 22, the armature 9 has air core commutator windings 16A, 16B and field windings 14A-1, 14B.
-1.

As a result, when used at a low voltage of 110V, the air-core interpolation windings 16A and 16B are excited, and the armature reaction magnetic flux is reduced, so that rectification performance can be improved.

Due to this effect, the number of turns of the armature coil 6 can be increased to a certain extent, although it is not doubled.

Also, when using the high voltage 220V,
By connecting the contacts 19 and 20 of the changeover switch 18 to the contacts 31 and 33, the armature 9 is supplied with power via the field windings 14C to 14D, and the air core commutating pole winding Lines 16A and 16B are voltage
It is not excited at 220V.

From the above, considering that it is possible to increase the total number of conductors in the armature winding by exciting the air-core interpole windings 16A and 16B with the voltage of 110V mentioned earlier, the results are as follows: , it is possible to reduce the number of turns of the field winding for voltage 220V, and as a result, it is possible to reduce the temperature rise of the field winding to within a specified value.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, since the air core interpolation winding is excited during low voltage operation, rectification can be improved, and the number of turns of the field winding can be reduced during high voltage operation. , a voltage switching type commutator motor that can reduce temperature can be obtained.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially omitted main part sectional view of a commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an A of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3, a cross-sectional view taken along line -A, is a circuit configuration diagram when voltage switching of the commutator motor is used. 3... Shaft, 6... Armature coil, 7... Armature winding, 8... Commutator, 9... Armature, 14A-1,1
4A-2, 14B-1, 14B-2, 14C, 1
4D...Field winding, 15A, 15B...Main pole iron core, 1
6A, 16B...air core interpolation winding, 31-34...contact.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An armature 9 in which a commutator 8 and an armature winding 7 connected to the commutator 8 are disposed on the rotating shaft 3, and field windings in the main pole iron cores 15A and 15B related to the magnetic poles. Line 14C,
14D, air-core commutating pole windings 16A, 16B arranged on the stator 13' to generate magnetomotive force in a direction that reduces the armature reaction magnetomotive force, It has a changeover switch 18 that selectively connects one of the voltage contacts 31, 33 and the low voltage contacts 32, 34 to the power supply 17, and the field windings 14C, 14D have their terminals connected to the high voltage. It is connected to the voltage contacts 31 and 33, and is connected to the low voltage contact 3 via the taps 23A and 23B.
2, 34, and the air core commutator windings 16A, 16B are connected to the field windings 14C, 1 on the taps 23A, 23B.
A commutator motor characterized in that it is connected in series with parts 14A-1 and 14B-1 of 4D.