JPH044020A - Exhaust gas treating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To well crack carbon dioxide and NOx to carbon and nitrogen by providing an exhaust gas stirrer on the upstream of an exhaust gas flow passage than magnetite. CONSTITUTION:This exhaust gas treating device cracks the carbon dioxide and NOx in exhaust gases by the magnetite which is activated by making oxygen atoms lack. The magnetite 14 is transformed to the oxygen-lacking magnetite in an exhaust gas treating section 8 connected to the flow passage 11 where the exhaust gases flow and, therefore, the oxygen of the carbon dioxide and the oxygen of the NOx are taken by the oxygen-lacking magnetite. The exhaust gases are stirred over the entire part of the magnetite 14 by the exhaust gas stirrer 18 at this time, by which the exhaust gases are well cracked.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device that reduces or eliminates carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas.

[Prior art]

As a conventional technique of this kind, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-113112
As shown in the notice, multiple catalysts such as platinum vanadium and platinum rhodium are placed in series in the exhaust gas passage to oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide gas and oxidize nitrogen oxides NOx.
There is an exhaust gas treatment device that converts nitrogen gas into nitrogen gas N2.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

The conventional methods mentioned above are not only expensive, but also emit carbon oxide as carbon dioxide gas (despite the fact that the emission of carbon dioxide gas, which is currently a cause of global warming around the world, must be suppressed). , it is not a complete purification measure.

Furthermore, because the exhaust gases have to pass through different catalysts at multiple locations, the engine output is lower and more fuel is required, which in turn generates more exhaust gases. The problem was that it did not essentially purify the exhaust gas.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an exhaust gas treatment device that decomposes carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using magnetite activated by depleting oxygen atoms. , an exhaust gas treatment device characterized in that an exhaust gas stirring device is provided on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow from the magnetite.

[Effect]

The basic function of the exhaust gas treatment device is to make effective use of magnetite (ferrite).

In other words, the molecular structure of magnetite consists of one divalent iron (1'e") that has two cations and two trivalent iron (D'e") that has three cations, making it a total of 8 valent iron. becomes a positive charge,
This combines with four oxygen (02) particles that contain anions to form stable magnetite l'e, 04, but this magnetite is stable at 250°C to 600°C (the optimal temperature is 250°C to 300°C). Oxygen (O3) reacts with hydrogen (H7) and escapes as water (H, O), yielding active oxygen-deficient magnetite. That is, active magnetite is hereinafter referred to as oxygen-deficient magnetite (Fe10, -x
), but this activated magnetite is heated to 250℃
At ~600°C (optimal temperature is 250°C to 300°C), it is ready for chemical reactions that require oxygen molecules.

Therefore, when oxygen-deficient magnetite in this state is reacted with carbon dioxide gas, it becomes carbon and inactive magnetite, and then when hydrogen is reacted with this inactive magnetite, it rapidly becomes active magnetite and water. If we convert this into a chemical reaction equation.

Fe, 04+yH, →Fe, ○a-x + yH? ○
Fe, 04-x+1/2yCO, → 1/2yC+l'
e, 04.

Therefore, the magnetite provided in the middle of the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine is converted into oxygen-deficient magnetite as described above, and the exhaust gas is brought into contact with this to decompose part of the carbon dioxide gas into carbon and water, which are then discharged and nitrogen oxides are removed. Discharge as nitrogen gas.

〔Example〕

Describing one embodiment of the present invention in detail, numeral 1 is a four-cylinder diesel engine, which is a type of internal combustion engine, and numeral 2 is its exhaust manifold.

3 is an oxygen separation device provided in the exhaust passage 2a of each cylinder of the exhaust manifold 2.

Reference numeral 4 denotes a gas cylinder containing an oxygen-free gas such as hydrogen or helium (hydrogen will be used in this embodiment).

5 is an oxygen-free gas extraction passage.

Reference numeral 6 denotes a switching valve, which directs the exhaust gas that has passed through the oxygen separator 3 for each cylinder and collected in the collection pipe 3a and the oxygen-free gas from the gas cylinder 4 to either of the exhaust gas processing units 7 and 8, which will be described later. It is a two-way selection valve that selectively allows water to flow into the water.

Reference numeral 9 denotes an on-off valve provided in the middle of the oxygen-free gas extraction passage 5.

Reference numerals 7 and 8 designate exhaust gas treatment units provided separately in flow paths 10 and 11 leading to the two outlet ports of the switching valve 6, respectively.
Cells 15 and 15 filled with magnetite 14 (sintered into a shape with a large number of holes 14a for ventilation) are filled in exhaust pipes 12 and 13 connected to each flow path 10 and 11.
Further, a heater 16 is provided on the outer periphery of the exhaust pipes 12 and 13 in which the cells 15 and 15 are installed to keep the part where the magnetite 14 is installed at a temperature of 250°C to 300°C. (This heater 16 is not necessary if the magnetite 14 is kept at 250° C. to 300° C. by engine heat).

17 and 18 are exhaust gas stirring devices provided in the exhaust pipes 12 and 13, respectively, with stirring blades 17a and 1.8a, respectively.
are rotated simultaneously by electric motors 17b and 18b, and are provided so as to stir exhaust gas throughout the magnetites 14 and 14.

Reference numeral 19 is a muffler, which discharges the exhaust from m12 and m13 into the large sword through its open port 20.

In addition, 21... are bolts for attaching and detaching the exhaust manifold 2 to the diesel engine 1, and 22... are bolts for attaching and detaching the cover portion 2b of the exhaust manifold 2 together with the muffler ]9.

To explain the upper operation in detail, the exhaust gas from each cylinder of the diesel engine 1 flows into each # unseparated device 3...
In each oxygen separator 3..., oxygen 02 is released into the atmosphere, producing carbon dioxide gas CO2 and nitrogen oxides N.

The exhaust gas mixed with X flows out toward the switching valve 6 through the collecting pipe 3a. Then, the exhaust gas is transferred to the switching valve 6
On the other hand, hydrogen H7 from the gas cylinder 4 passes through the passage 5 and the on-off valve 9, and flows into the flow passage 10 via the switching valve 6. Then, in the exhaust gas processing section 8 connected to the flow path 11 through which the exhaust gas flows, if the magnetite 14 is activated by passing hydrogen H2 in advance, the magnetite itself becomes oxygen-deficient magnetite Fe10. -Because it transforms into x,
The oxygen-deficient magnetite takes in oxygen 02 of carbon dioxide gas CO2 or oxygen OX of NOx, and carbon C precipitates or escapes as nitrogen gas N2. At this time, the exhaust gas is stirred throughout the magnetite 14 by the exhaust gas stirring device 18, so that the above-mentioned exhaust gas is effectively decomposed.

On the other hand, in the exhaust gas treatment section 7 into which the hydrogen H7 is sent,
Inert magnetite Fe, exhaust gas stirring device 1 in 04
The hydrogen H2 stirred in step 7 acts, and this hydrogen H2 drives out oxygen 07 in the magnetite, resulting in oxygen-deficient magnetite.

That is, on the exhaust gas treatment section 7 side, F' ez O4+x H2→F e :l○4-X
A chemical reaction of +XH,0 takes place, and the exhaust gas treatment section 8
On the side, F”e, 04-x +co, -+C+Fe, On or.

)'eioa-x+2NOx −+ N7+Fet
○4 chemical reaction occurs.

It should be noted that the reaction with nitrogen oxides NOx is extremely fast and the purification of nitrogen oxides is carried out fairly quickly, but the reaction with carbon dioxide CO7 is slow and it is desirable to pressurize the exhaust gas treatment section. .

After continuing the state shown in Fig. 2 for a predetermined period of time (approximately 1 to 3 minutes), the switching valve 6 is switched so that the exhaust gas flows into the flow path 10 and the hydrogen H2 flows into the flow path 11. When switched, the exhaust gas will be purified by the same effect as described above.

The on-off valve 9 on the hydrogen H2 feed side is the switching valve 6.
By opening the opening for a predetermined period of time (approximately 10 seconds to 30 seconds) and then closing it in conjunction with the switching, it is possible to eliminate waste of hydrogen H2.

In the above example, an example was shown in which an oxygen-free gas (hydrogen or helium) was used as a means to expel oxygen from magnetite to form oxygen-deficient magnetite. ”) may be used. In addition, magnetite may be in any shape, such as powder, grains, or plates, in addition to sintered magnetite, but the area of contact with the exhaust gas may be The wider the area, the better the decomposition efficiency, so it is better to make the contact area as wide as possible.Furthermore, in the above embodiment, a diesel engine was used as an internal combustion engine, but other engines such as a gasoline engine, a gas engine, or a thermal engine may also be used. Any internal combustion engine such as a generator may be used.

[Effect]

This invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device that decomposes carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using magnetite activated by removing oxygen atoms, in which an exhaust gas stirring device is provided on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow from the magnetite. Since the exhaust gas treatment device is characterized by being equipped with a stirring device, the exhaust gas is stirred throughout the magnetite by the stirring device, and carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen oxides can be effectively decomposed into carbon and nitrogen.

The above-mentioned conventional problems can be accurately solved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of the entire device, and FIG. 2 is a side view taken along the line A--A in cross section. In the figure, symbol 1 is a diesel engine, 2 is an exhaust manifold, 3 is an oxygen separator, 4 is a gas cylinder, 5 is an extraction passage, 6 is a switching valve, 7 and 8 are exhaust gas treatment parts, 9 is an on-off valve, 10. 1
1 is a flow path, 12 and 13 are exhaust pipes, 14 is magnetite,
15 is a cell, 16 is a heater, 17 and 18 are exhaust gas stirring devices, and 19 is a muffler.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) In an exhaust gas treatment device that decomposes carbon dioxide or nitrogen oxides in exhaust gas using magnetite activated by removing oxygen atoms, an exhaust gas stirring device is installed on the upstream side of the exhaust gas flow from the magnetite. An exhaust gas treatment device characterized by being provided with.