JPH0439035B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a lubricant performance tester for plastic working.

Conventionally, testing machines for evaluating the lubrication performance of lubricants for plastic working can be roughly divided into testing machines that are directly adapted from performance testing machines for bearing lubricants, and test machines that simulate conditions close to actual plastic working conditions. Laboratory testing machines are known. However, since the former type of testing machine is configured to match the bearing load, it is not possible to test non-test lubricants under conditions suitable for plastic working, and the reliability of lubricity during plastic working cannot be tested. There is a problem in that high evaluations cannot be obtained, and the test load that can be applied to a test piece corresponding to the workpiece in a simulated test machine is simply a relative force on the plastically deformed contact surface. It only causes slippage, and it is difficult to obtain excellent evaluation results because specifications such as the magnitude of relative slippage, temperature at the contact surface, and lubricant supply in actual plastic working operations are not properly addressed.

Incidentally, conventionally, a reliable method for evaluating the lubricity of plastic working lubricants is to actually perform plastic working using a plastic working machine installed in a factory and observe the state of the plastic working. This evaluation method is based on observation of the actual plastic working conditions on the actual machine, so it is not possible to obtain qualitative and quantitative evaluation results.Therefore, although the processing machine used for the evaluation can obtain satisfactory results, There is a tendency that the obtained results cannot be applied to other similar or similar processing machines.

The present invention qualitatively evaluates the physical and mechanical behavior of a lubricant under an interface situation with a large contact area and exposed virgin surface due to plastic deformation of the material, which is a characteristic of actual plastic working. It can be understood quantitatively,
The objective is to provide a testing machine that guarantees uniform evaluation of the performance of plastic working lubricants and that can accurately evaluate the seizure resistance of plastic working lubricants.

The lubricant performance testing machine for plastic working of the present invention includes a first rolling roll to which a pressure load is applied by a pressure device, and a second rolling roll that is drive-coupled to the rolling roll so as to be disconnectable and cooperates therewith. , a back tension device that applies back tension to the metal material during the plastic working load of the metal material by the first and second rolling rolls, the first rolling roll rotating by a certain amount within a range not exceeding one rotation; A load-off device for releasing the pressurized load when the rotation reaches a certain amount, the load of the back tension, the clamping pressure of the material by the first and second rolling rolls, and the A detection device that sprays a test lubricant onto the roll bite of the first rolling roll through a nozzle or applies the test lubricant to the entire circumferential surface of the roll, and detects the pressing force of the first rolling roll when the rolling roll is loaded with a plastic working load of the material. , and a detection device that detects the tension of the metal material under the same load.

According to the present invention, a predetermined pressure load is applied to the first rolling roll by a pressure device, and the metal material is plastically deformed by the first rolling roll and the second rolling roll drivingly connected thereto, You can expose your virgin side.

When the metal material is subjected to plastic working load by the first and second rolling rolls, back tension is applied to the metal material by a back tension device. The connection of the second rolling roll to the first rolling roll is cut off, and the metal material is subjected to the above-mentioned back tension load and the material is compressed by the first and second rolling rolls, and the lubricant to be tested is subjected to roll bite of the first rolling roll. A plastic working load is applied to the metal material by spraying it through a nozzle or applying it to the entire circumferential surface of the roll, and driving and rotating only the first rolling roll, or driving and rotating the second rolling roll as well. Then, when the rotation of the first rolling roll reaches a certain amount, the pressure load is released by the load-off device. The pressing force of the first rolling roll when a plastic working load is applied to the metal material by the drive rotation of the first rolling roll can be detected by a pressing force detection device, and the tension of the metal material under the same load can be detected by tension detection. Can be detected by equipment.

Thus, according to the present invention, the pressing force and tension of the metal material are measured based on the detection by the above-mentioned detection device, and thereby, the exposure of the virgin surface due to plastic deformation of the material and the It is possible to determine the coefficient of friction under interface conditions with a large contact area, and thereby the physical and mechanical behavior of the lubricant under such conditions can be qualitatively and quantitatively understood. ensure uniform evaluation of lubricant performance. Moreover, when the rotation of the first roll reaches a certain amount, the pressure load is released, so the friction history of the first roll with the metal material can be qualitatively observed, and the observation of the friction history can be used to evaluate the plasticity of the friction history. It can contribute to the evaluation of seizure resistance of processing lubricants.

The amount of rotation of the first rolling roll is one rotation or less, more preferably one rotation. After one rotation, the friction history of the first rolling roll with the metal material is a combination of the friction history up to one rotation and the friction history over one rotation, so it is impossible to accurately observe the friction history. When the rotation amount of the first rolling roll is 1 rotation,
Accurate observation of friction history can be made for the longest rolling distance.

In addition, if the rotation of the first rolling roll is one revolution or less, the performance test of the lubricant for plastic working is carried out under conditions that are suitable for obtaining accurate test evaluations, such as under the exposure of the virgin surface due to plastic deformation of the metal material. It will be done.

In the present invention, if a variable output type is applied to the pressurizing device that applies a pressurizing load to the first rolling roll, it is possible to perform performance tests on various lubricants by varying the pressurizing force. If the drive system of the rolls is of a variable output type, it is possible to perform performance tests on even more various lubricants by changing the circumferential speed of the rolls. In addition, the application of a variable output pressurizing device allows for effective and immediate response to evaluation tests of seizure resistance of lubricants for plastic working.
This is advantageous because the pressing force of the first rolling roll can be increased. Similarly, the use of a variable output type rolling roll drive system is advantageous since it is possible to increase the peripheral speed of the rolling rolls in order to quickly respond to the seizure resistance evaluation test of a lubricant for plastic working.

In the present invention, when the second rolling roll is driven by a drive system different from that of the first rolling roll, the circumferential speeds of the first rolling roll and the second rolling roll must be adjusted. In addition, the lubricant under rolling conditions is changed by shifting the neutral point in the rolling contact arc of the material to the low speed side and high speed side of the rolling roll to reduce friction hill and reduce the rolling force. Performance tests can be performed.

If the second rolling roll is not only driven by a drive system different from that of the first rolling roll, but also is capable of drivingly engaging with the first rolling roll in a disconnectable manner, the second rolling roll can be driven in two ways. This makes it possible to test the performance of lubricants under the same operating conditions, improving the usefulness of the testing machine.

In the present invention, if both or at least one of No. 1 and No. 2 rolling rolls is an eccentric roll, or a non-circular roll such as an elliptical roll, or a irregularly shaped roll, the lubrication for plastic working that involves unsteady reduction and ironing such as casting The lubricating properties of the agent can be evaluated.

Furthermore, in the present invention, if desired, the first and second
The metal material may be heated on the inlet side of the rolling roll by appropriate means, such as high frequency heating, infrared heating, or electrical heating, and the lubricant performance test regarding plastic working under heating may be performed.

Next, the effects of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to test examples.

Four types of cold rolling lubricants from the same year were used as lubricants for testability (1. Paraffinic base oil, 2. Paraffinic base oil + 10wt% oleic acid, 3.
Paraffinic base oil + 2wt% ZnDTP, 4.paraffinic base oil + 5wt% oleic acid + 2wt% ZnDTP), and low carbon steel plate as the metal material, respectively, and the lubricity of these four types of oil was tested using the testing machine of the present invention. As a result of testing the lubricity and seizing property, and evaluating the lubricity using the friction coefficient, and investigating the effect of additives on the friction coefficient with rolling speed, it was found that when the rolling speed is low, the friction coefficient can be lowered by adding an oiliness improver. Although it lowers
As the rolling speed increases, the addition of an extreme pressure agent lowers the coefficient of friction, a new finding that could not be obtained with conventional testing machines. Confirmed objectively using a testing machine. This is because the relative rolling speed of the metal material can be increased in the present invention. Seizure properties could also be quantitatively evaluated by measuring tension (shear force) and observing the roll surface.

As is clear from the above test examples, according to the present invention, it is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the performance of a lubricant for plastic working, and it has particularly excellent effects on evaluation tests of lubricity and seizability. The industrial effect is remarkable.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 12, in which 1 is a first rolling roll and 2 is a second rolling roll.
The first roll 1 is supported by roll jocks 4, 4 which are pressed upward by a compression spring (not shown) provided on a fixed housing 3, and the second roll 2 is supported by the roll jocks 4, 4, which are pressed upward by a compression spring (not shown) provided on a fixed housing 3.
4 (see Figures 3 and 4). The first roll 1 is pushed downward together with the roll jocks 4, 4 by the pressure device 6 against the push-up of the compression spring, thereby being subjected to a pressure load. The pressurizing device 6 may be either a mechanical pressurizing device or a hydraulic pressurizing device (not shown) as illustrated in the figure, and may be a variable output type (this is the case in the illustrated type) or a constant output type. good. The illustrated pressurizing device 6 is operated by parallel rods 10, 10 which are simultaneously moved up and down by the same amount through transmission gears 8, 9, 9 by manual operation of a handle 7.
It is structured to push down.

The first rolling roll 1 may be driven by a motor 11 through joints such as a transmission mechanism 12, a clutch 13, one pinion (not shown) in a cam waltz 14, and a connecting rod 15. The second rolling roll 2 may be connected to the other pinion (not shown) in the cam waltz 14 through a joint such as a connecting rod 16 to be drivingly connected to the first rolling roll 1. Connecting rod 1 of first rolling roll 1
5 is in preparation for the later-described raising operation of the first rolling roll 1,
A universal joint 17 is provided on the primary side and the secondary side, and the intermediate portion is connected to a spline shaft 18 and a spline sleeve 19 that meshes with the spline shaft (see FIGS. 5 and 6). The connecting rod 16 of the second rolling roll 2 has a removable structure, for example collars 20 and 21 on its primary and secondary sides that can be removed, and the collars 20 and 21 are screwed to the rod 16. It can be restrained by a removable stopper bar 22 (see FIGS. 7 and 8). If you remove the bar 22, color 2
0, 21 can be moved inward and the connecting rod 16 can therefore be removed. When the connecting rod 16 is removed, the second rolling roll 2 is disconnected from the driving connection with the first rolling roll 1.

The second rolling roll 2 may be driven by a drive system other than the above-mentioned drive system. This latter drive system is designated by the reference numeral 23 (FIG. 1). The drive system 23 includes a motor 24, a speed reducer 25, and an electromagnetic clutch 26 (see FIG. 1).

27 is a load-off device (Figures 9 and 10), 28
is the pressure detection device for the first rolling roll (3rd and 4th rolls)
In the figure), the detection device 28 is arranged on the lower surface of the push-down rod 10 of the pressurizing device 6, and the load-off device 27 is arranged on the lower surface of the detection device 28. The load-off device 27 is the first
An escapement 30 with a front cam type uneven step upper surface 29 attached to the roll chock 4 of the rolling roll 1, a front cam type uneven step lower surface 31 corresponding to the uneven step upper surface 29 of the escapement, and the lower surface 31 is an escapement. an escapement 32 that can rotate around the axis in contact with the upper surface of the ment 30;
An arm 33 extends downward from the escapement 32, and an arm 35 extends upward and is fixed to the shaft 34 of the first rolling roll 1 at a position corresponding to the arm 33. The upper escapement 32 is pressed down together with the detection device 28 by the rod 10 of the pressurizing device 6 and held in place. The detection device 28 can use a load cell.

When the first rolling roll 1 makes one constant rotation (one rotation in the case shown), at the end of the rotation, the arm 35 rotates into the arm 3.
3, the upper escapement 32 is rotated around the axis, and the convex part 31a of the concave-convex step lower surface 31 is connected to the convex part 29a of the concave-convex step upper surface 29 of the lower escapement 30. When you cross the point, the lower escapement 3
0 becomes free, and due to the elasticity of the compression spring that had been stored until then, it passes through the roll chock 4,
The first rolling roll 1 is displaced upward together with the lower escapement 30 and the pressure load is released.
That is, the first rolling roll 1 becomes load-off. The upper escapement 32 may be moved back to its original position by an appropriate method, for example, by manual operation.

Reference numeral 36 denotes a back tension device (Figs. 11 to 13) that applies back tension to the metal material a during the plastic working load described later, and in this example, the device uses a clamp. . The clamp is provided with a chuck 37 for gripping the end of the metal material a. The chuck 37 may be of the type shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, in which the movable chuck 37a is tightened against the fixed chuck 37b by a threaded push-down rod 39 driven by a handle 38, or the chuck 37 may be of the type shown in FIG. A suitable set screw type can be used.

40 is a back tension device 36 for applying the metal material a.
A detection device that detects the tension when a plastic working load is applied to a metal material by the driving rotation of the first rolling roll 1 by restraining it from moving and clamping it between the first rolling roll 1 and the second rolling roll 2. The tension detection device 40 is a resistance wire strain gauge 40a attached to a metal material a (see FIG. 12), or a load cell 40.
b [see Figure 13] may be applied. If a load cell 40b is used, the required pressure load on the cell can be determined by a suitable method, for example by using a flange-like head 42 of a rod 41 extending rearwardly from the chuck 37;
A specific example of a method of clamping the load cell 40b between the seats 44, 44 attached to the fixed member 43 by the tension associated with the plastic working load caused by driving the first rolling roll 1 of the metal material a. It can be given as follows. In this example, the load cell 40
b is donut-shaped.

When performing a performance test of a lubricant for plastic working using the testing machine of the present invention shown in Figs. Driving and rotating the rolls 1 and 2,
The metal material a is plastically worked over a certain distance to expose the virgin surface. When the metal material a is subjected to plastic working load by the 1.2 rolling rolls 1 and 2, the metal material a is restrained by a back tension device 36 so as not to move, and back tension is applied to the material a.
Under the load of the back tension and the clamping of the material a by the first and second rolling rolls 1 and 2, the lubricant to be tested is injected from a nozzle into the roll bite of the first rolling roll 1, or the lubricant to be tested is applied to the entire circumferential surface of the roll. , and on the other hand, the driving connection between the second rolling roll 2 and the first rolling roll 1 is cut off as described above, and a plastic working load is applied to the metal material a only by the driving rotation of the first rolling roll 1. Alternatively, the second rolling roll 2 is also driven and rotated by the drive system 23 to apply the plastic working load.

The first time when the metal material is subjected to the above plastic working load.
Based on the detection by the detection device 28, the pressing force of the rolling roll 1 is measured by an appropriate method such as by a synchroscope (not shown) connected to the device,
The performance of the lubricant under test can be tested by measuring the tension of the metal material under the same load using the same method based on the detection by the detection device 40 and determining the coefficient of friction under the plastic working load. .

In the above test, when the first roll 1 rotates once, the load-off device 27 operates as described above to place the first roll 1 in a load-off state.

The pressure applied by the pressure device 6 to the first roll 1 and/or the first roll 1 (if necessary, the second roll 1)
If the circumferential speed of the rolling roll 2) is the degree of occurrence of seizure in the plastic working load of the metal material a, an evaluation test of the seizure resistance of the lubricant under test is performed by observing changes in tension and the surface of the rolling roll 1. It can be performed.

The testing machine of the first embodiment uses a back tension device to restrain the metal material so that it does not move, so it is particularly suitable for testing the lubricant performance under the slip during actual rolling processing of the metal material a.

A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 14 to 16, and FIGS.
In FIG. 2, the same reference numerals indicate similar parts. 14 to 16 except that the back tension device that applies back tension to metal material a during plastic working load and the detection device that detects the tension of the metal material under the same load are of the following type. , the basic structure is the same as that shown in FIGS. 1 to 12. Therefore, in FIGS. 14 to 16, parts that overlap with the embodiments in FIGS. 1 to 12 are shown schematically or omitted. In this example, the buck tension device is designated by 36' and the tension sensing device is designated by 40'.

The back tension device 36' includes compression rolls 1 and 2, a fixed housing 3, roll chocks 4, 4, 5, 5, a pressure device 6, a handle 7, and a transmission gear, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 of the first embodiment. 8, 9, 9, In the plastic working load loading device A that includes push-down rods 10, 10 as constituent elements, the load-off device 27 and pressure detection device 28 are omitted, and the push-down rods 10, 10 are omitted. The rolling rolls 1, 4 in the above-mentioned plastic working load loading device A have a configuration corresponding to that in which the rolling rolls 1,
A timing gear 201 is connected to the drive system of No. 2 through a transmission mechanism 200, and the rotation of the gear is transmitted to the drive system of No. 2 through a transmission mechanism 200.
6' has a reducer 203, a coupling 204 and a joint 205 for transmitting to the lower back tension roll 202. The lower back tension roll 202 is drivingly connected to the upper back tension roll 206 by a transmission gear 207. Back tension rolls 202, 206 of device 36'
The metal material a is rolled by the first and second rolling rolls 1 and 2.
When a plastic working load is applied to the rolls 1 and 2, the rotation is set so that the movement of the metal material a is restricted to a certain distance, for example, about 1/10 of the circumference of the rolls for one rotation of the rolls 1 and 2. Accordingly, metal material a
Add back tension to . That is, the back tension device 36' applies the rolling rolls 1 and 1 to the metal material a.
During the plastic working load according to 2, back tension is applied under a certain distance movement restriction. According to this back tension loading type, it is possible to test the performance of the lubricant under test under conditions closer to the actual rolling process of the metal material a.

The tension detection device 40' has a load cell 209 attached to a fixed base 208, and a movable roll 211 that is pressed toward the detection portion of the load cell 209 around a fulcrum 210 by a tension of a metal material a. The load cell 209 detects the tension of the metal material a during the plastic working load, and based on this, the tension of the metal material can be measured by the same method as in the first embodiment.

In the second embodiment, the pressing device 6 of the first rolling roll 1
The release of the pressurized load and the detection of the pressurizing force of the first rolling roll 1 by the pressurizing device 6 are the same as in the first embodiment.

In FIGS. 14 to 16, reference numeral 212 is a handle of the back tension device 36', 213 and 214 are transmission gears driven by manual operation of the handle, and 215
216 is a parallel push-down rod that is simultaneously moved up and down by the same amount through the transmission gear;
217 is a metal material rewinding drum, which has a torque limiter (not shown) such as a brake, and when the back tension device 36' is opened, the rewinding drum 2
A torque limit of 17 can add backlash to the metal material.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 12 show an embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1 is a front view thereof, FIG. 2 is a side view thereof, and FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal sectional front view of a pressure device, a load-off device, and a first rolling roll pressure detection device in the same embodiment. Fig. 4 is a side view of Fig. 3, Fig. 5 is a detailed vertical sectional view of the connecting rod on the first rolling roll side, Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line of Fig. A detailed vertical sectional view of the connecting rod on the rolling roll side, Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along the line of Fig. 7, Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the load-off device, and Fig. 10 shows the load-off device of Fig. 9. FIG. 11 is a detailed front view of the back tension device in the same embodiment, FIG. 12 is a partial longitudinal sectional side view of FIG. 11, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial longitudinal sectional side view showing a modified example of the back tension device. FIGS. 14 to 16 show other embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS.
The figure is the front view, Figure 15 is the plan view of Figure 14,
FIG. 16 is a side view. A is a metal material, 1 is a first rolling roll, 2 is a second rolling roll, 6 is a pressure device, 8 and 9 are transmission gears as above, 10 is a rod as above, and 11 is a drive for the first rolling roll. system motor, 12 is the transmission mechanism as above, 13 is the clutch as above, 14 is the cam waltz as above, 15 is the connecting rod as above, 16 is the connecting rod on the second rolling roll side, 23
is another drive system for the second rolling roll, 24 is its motor, 25 is its speed reducer, 26 is the same electromagnetic clutch, 27 is a load-off device, 28 is a first rolling roll pressure detection device, and 30 is a load-off device. The lower escapement of the device, 32 the upper escapement, 33 its swing arm, 35 the arm driving arm, 36 and 36' back tension devices, 37 the chuck, and 38 and 212 the same operation as above. 39 and 215 are the same push-down rods as above, and 40 and 40' are tension detection devices.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first unit to which a pressurizing load is applied by a pressurizing device.
a second rolling roll that is drive-coupled with the rolling roll so as to be disconnectable and cooperates with the rolling roll; when the metal material is subjected to a plastic working load by the first and second rolling rolls, back tension is applied to the material; a back tension device that applies pressure, and a load that allows the first rolling roll to operate until it rotates a certain amount within a range not exceeding one rotation, and releases the pressure load when the rotation reaches a certain amount; The lubricant to be tested is sprayed from a nozzle onto the roll bite of the first rolling roll or applied to the entire circumferential surface of the roll under the load of the back tension and the clamping of the material by the first and second rolling rolls. , comprising a detection device for detecting the pressing force of the first rolling roll during plastic working load of the material by the rolling roll, and a detection device for detecting the tension of the metal material under the same load. A lubricant performance testing machine for plastic working. 2. The first part to which a pressurizing load is applied by the pressurizing device.
a second rolling roll driven by a drive system separate from the rolling roll and cooperating with the rolling roll;
A back tension device that applies back tension to the metal material during plastic working load loading of the metal material by the first and second rolling rolls, until the first rolling roll rotates a certain amount within a range not exceeding one rotation. When the operation is allowed and the rotation reaches a certain amount,
A load-off device for releasing the pressurized load, a back tension load on the metal material by the back tension device, and a clamping pressure of the material by the first and second rolling rolls, and the lubricant to be tested is first rolled. A detection device that detects the pressing force of the first rolling roll during the plastic working load of the material by the rolling roll by spraying it on the roll bite of the roll or applying it to the entire circumferential surface of the roll, and the metal pressure under the same load. A lubricant performance testing machine for plastic working, characterized by being equipped with a detection device for detecting material tension. 3. The first part to which a pressurizing load is applied by the pressurizing device.
a first operating mode that is disconnectably drive-coupled with and cooperates with the rolling roll; and a second operating mode that is driven by a separate drive system and that cooperates with the first rolling roll. a second rolling roll whose operation can be switched between the operating modes; a back tension device that applies back tension to the metal material when the first and second rolling rolls apply a plastic working load to the material; and the first rolling roll. A load-off device for allowing the roll to rotate by a certain amount within a range not exceeding one rotation and releasing the pressurized load when the rotation reaches a certain amount, and a metal material using the above-mentioned back tension device. Under the back tension load and the clamping pressure of the material by the first and second rolling rolls, the lubricant to be tested is injected through a nozzle into the roll bite of the first rolling roll or applied to the entire circumferential surface of the roll, and the rolling roll is plastic working of the material, characterized in that it is equipped with a detection device for detecting the pressing force of the first rolling roll at the time of load loading, and a detection device for detecting the tension of the metal material at the time of the same load. Lubricant performance tester. 4. The first part to which a pressurizing load is applied by the pressurizing device.
a second rolling roll that is drive-coupled with the rolling roll so as to be disconnectable and cooperates with the rolling roll; when the metal material is subjected to a plastic working load by the first and second rolling rolls, back tension is applied to the material; a back tension device that applies pressure, and a load that allows the first rolling roll to operate until it rotates a certain amount within a range not exceeding one rotation, and releases the pressure load when the rotation reaches a certain amount; The lubricant to be tested is sprayed from a nozzle onto the roll bite of the first rolling roll or applied to the entire circumferential surface of the roll under the load of the back tension and the clamping of the material by the first and second rolling rolls. , comprising a detection device for detecting the pressing force of the first rolling roll during plastic working load of the material by the rolling roll, and a detection device for detecting the tension of the metal material under the same load. A lubricant performance testing machine for plastic working, wherein both or at least one of the first and second rolling rolls is selected from eccentric rolls, non-circular or irregularly shaped rolls such as elliptical rolls. lubricant performance tester.