JPH0435273B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is a punching machine for machining a workpiece using a punching tool or a laser cutting beam passing through a laser cutting device, and the geometric axis of the laser nozzle of the laser cutting device coincide in the working position, and the laser cutting device is mounted directly on the punching head and is located below the punching ram when using the punching tool. The invention relates to a type of laser cutting device in which the components of the laser cutting device, including the laser nozzle, are removed from near the bottom of the punching ram.

This type of punching machine was proposed in the patent application filed in 1980-
It is disclosed in the specification of No. 58658 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-238094). In the case of this punching machine, the laser cutting device is mounted directly on the punching head, and when the punching tool is used, the components of the laser cutting device, including the laser nozzle located below the punching ram, are inserted from near the bottom of the punching ram. It is about to be removed. Based on this configuration, it is possible to maintain the relative position of the laser nozzle of the laser cutting device and the punching ram of the punching head invariably when using the laser cutting beam, and therefore to maintain the geometrical relationship of the punching tool. This has the advantage that the axis, laser nozzle and geometrical axis can be reliably aligned in the working position. However, in the punching machine according to this prior application, the punching ram has a through hole located in the center, and the laser beam guided in the radial direction is directed to the axis of the through hole by a deflection mirror placed above the punching ram. , and is guided via a through hole into the lens of the laser cutting device below the cutting ram, so that the construction height of the cutting machine is increased by the deflection mirror. .

The object of the invention is to improve the punching machine according to the prior application in such a way that the construction height of the punching machine is reduced.

This object, according to the invention, is such that in the punching machine mentioned at the outset, the laser cutting beam entering radially with respect to the geometrical axis of the punching ram is located in the vicinity of the lower end of the punching ram which has been drawn upwards. By configuring as described above, the laser beam is deflected in a direction coincident with the geometrical axis of the punching ram through a deflection mirror arranged at . Since the punching ram is no longer deflected in the axial direction, the height of the punching machine can be reduced. Furthermore, 1 of the present invention
In the exemplary embodiment, the lens for the laser beam is arranged in the radial optical path. This configuration makes it possible to partially reduce the focal length of the lens, for example by up to 50%, in the range of the radial beam path, which significantly reduces the construction height of the laser cutting device. This makes it possible to keep the height of the punching machine even smaller without having to raise the punching ram significantly.

Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 168918/1983 discloses a so-called turret press which is normally used for punching out plate-shaped workpieces. A series of circularly arranged punches are arranged in the upper turret pan, each punch being adapted to cooperate with a die located in the lower turret pan. A tool consisting of at least one punch and a die provided for machining a workpiece,
The turret pans are brought into the working position by rotating them. In this working position, the corresponding punch is located below the press ram of the turret press. This press ram is not connected to the punch, but pushes the punch downwardly, which is guided so as to be movable up and down in the upper turret plate. When the press ram is withdrawn, the punch is again pushed back upwards by the spring that is tightened during the working stroke. The punch is then pulled out of the die and the punched hole in the workpiece. A laser cutting device is provided which is removably mounted on the turret pan above the turret press for machining workpieces with a laser beam.

In such an arrangement, since a plurality of punches are arranged on the turret plate, the diameter of the turret plate is necessarily large, and the visibility of the tool during operation is extremely limited. Therefore, when using a laser cutting device, it is necessary to have a very good line of sight over the area in which the workpiece is to be machined, but this cannot be achieved. Furthermore, since the distance between the center of the laser cutting device attached to this known turret plate and the center of the turret plate is extremely large, even if the turret plate is slightly bent or the rotational position of the turret plate is slightly shifted, Therefore, the axis of the punching tool and the axis of the laser cutting device no longer match.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, however, the laser cutting device is mounted on a carrier having a jib and a shaft for holding the laser nozzle, the shaft being fixed or integrated adjacent to the punching head. The holder is axially movable and rotatable within a shaped tubular casing, and includes a lifting drive for raising and lowering the holder and a lifting drive for moving the laser nozzle from a working position to a non-working position. It is coupled to a rotation drive device that rotates the holding body.

In this embodiment, due to the absence of the turret pan, neither the view of the laser cutting device nor the field of workpiece machining is obstructed when the laser cutting device is machining in its working position. In addition, in this configuration, the distance between the center axis of the shaft of the holder that holds the laser cutting device and the center axis of the laser nozzle held on the shib of the holder is smaller than the radius of the turret plate. The alignment between the center axis of the punching tool and the center axis of the laser nozzle will not be impaired due to bending. Furthermore, since the holding body of the laser cutting device can be raised and lowered by the lifting device, the laser cutting device can have a predetermined distance from the workpiece surface in a non-working position, so that when handling the workpiece, the laser There is no risk of damage to the cutting device. As soon as the laser cutting device has been swung into the working position by means of a swivel device, the laser nozzle can be brought close to the workpiece surface by means of a liftable holder. The turret press disclosed in JP-A-56-186918 also includes a device for axially adjusting the laser cutting device, but this device is only used for focusing the laser beam. That is, the device has only a very small maximum stroke for fine adjustment. The device cannot therefore be compared with an arrangement with an axially movable holder in accordance with the arrangement of the above-mentioned embodiments of the invention.

Next, the differences between the punching machine disclosed in the earlier application, JP-A-60-238094, and the punching machine of the present invention will be explained based on the drawings. The punching machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-238094 shown in Fig. 1 has a vertical guide 1 and a horizontal guide 2, and uses these guides to cut the workpiece 3.
is moved on an arbitrary trajectory within that plane. This form of movement can be compared to that of cross support. The lateral movement is provided by the first motor 4. A pinion 5 of this motor 4 cooperates with a rack 6 extending in the longitudinal direction of the transverse guide 2. The second motor 7 likewise has a pinion which meshes with a rack arranged along the longitudinal guide 1. The motors 4, 5 are connected and disconnected via a control device, in particular a program control device. The workpiece 3 is placed on a table 8 movable along the longitudinal guide 1. The motor 4 and the lateral guide 2 also move in this longitudinal guide direction together with the table. When the motor 4 is switched on, the workpiece is moved perpendicular to the drawing plane and thus relative to the table 8. The workpiece 3 is held by one or more clamping devices 9, in particular in the form of grippers. This tightening device 9 can also be designed to be program-controlled.

The punching machine has a tool receptacle 10 in which a mechanical punching tool (FIG. 3) or a laser cutting device (FIG. 2) can optionally be mounted. In the case of punching (FIG. 3), this tool receptacle 10 receives a punch 11. This punch 11 forms part of a punching tool of at least two parts in a known manner. The punching tool shown in FIG. 3 consists of the punch 11 described above, a scraper 12 and a die 13 arranged in a suitable receptacle in the table 8. The tool receptacle 10 has a punching ram 1 mounted movably in a cylinder 16 in the direction of the arrow 15.
4 is provided. For example, a hydraulic ram drive is used to drive the punching ram 14.

In the case of a hydraulic ram drive, the punching ram has a piston 17 and the cylinder 16 is constructed as a double-acting cylinder with connections 18 and 19 for the oil supply and oil discharge lines.

A laser cutting device 20 can be attached to the tool receiver 10 instead of the mechanical punch 11 (FIG. 2). The important parts of this laser cutting device 20 are a lens frame 21 with a lens 22 and a laser nozzle 23 directed towards the workpiece. A laser cutting device 2 is installed in the range of the lens frame 21.
0 has the same structure as the head 24 of the punch 11.

Both the punch 11 and the laser cutting device 20 can be replaced automatically in the direction of the arrow 25 using a tool changer. For this purpose, the tool receptacle has a lateral slot-like opening 26. The head of the punch 11 or the laser cutting device 20 is held in the tool receptacle 10 over at least half the circumference. In the area of the lateral openings 26, the necessary security is provided by movable clamping pieces 27. This clamping piece 27 can be pushed back or swiveled to the side in a manner not shown, for example against the force of a spring, allowing an exchange movement in the direction of arrow 25 or in the opposite direction.

The hydraulically driven punching ram 14 has a central longitudinal bore 28 through which a laser beam 29 can penetrate from top to bottom in the direction of the arrow 30. The laser beam 29 is generated in a known manner in a laser generator 31. This laser generator 31 is placed at a suitable location, for example near the punching machine, and the approximately horizontally directed laser beam 29 is directed to a deflection mirror 3 placed on the punching ram 14.
2 causes it to be deflected 90° downward.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the geometrical axes of the punch 11 and the laser cutting device 20 are arranged such that they coincide in the working state. Moreover, the laser cutting device 20 is arranged in the tool receiving part 10 in such a way that the radial hole 56 for the oxygen supply conduit is aligned with the passage 57 on the punching ram side.
(Figure 2). There is, of course, a suitable sealing device in this part, but it has been omitted to illustrate it.

In the punching machine according to this prior application, a laser beam 29 generated by a laser generator 31 is deflected by a deflection mirror 32 disposed above the punching ram 14 and passes through the vertical hole 28 of the punching ram 14 into the laser cutting device. 20, the disadvantage is that the construction height of the punching machine is large.

In contrast, in the cutting machine according to the invention shown in FIG. The punching ram 14 is deflected in a direction coinciding with the geometrical axis of the punching ram 14 via a deflection mirror disposed near the lower end of the punching ram 14 that has been pulled upwards. From the laser generator 31, the laser beam 29 is directed horizontally through the machine frame 34 into the tool receptacle 10. The laser guide tube 60 is attached to the holding member 6
It is supported by 1. With this configuration, the height of the punching machine can be made lower than that of the punching machine according to the prior application.

In order to be able to work with the laser cutting device 20, a large number of connection devices and control devices are required. One example will be explained below using FIG. In FIG. 5, the laser cutting device is designated by the reference numeral 20.
The chip processing device that is a and cooperates with it is designated by the reference numeral 73.
It is shown in The tool receiving part 10a is arranged at the lower end of the punching head 71, and the laser cutting device 20a
determine the position of This laser cutting device 20a has a laser nozzle 2 disposed facing the workpiece 3.
It has 3. To improve the cutting process, the laser cutting device 20a is supplied with a cutting gas (oxygen, air or nitrogen as required) via a cutting gas conduit 62. In this embodiment, the laser nozzle 2
A lens frame 21 with a lens 22 on it is shown. The outer ring of the lens frame 21 has a thread, which thread cooperates with the thread of the focus ring 70. If the lens frame 21 is prevented from rotating by a vertical guide (not shown), the height of the lens can be adjusted together with the laser nozzle by rotating the focus ring 70. Adjustment of the height of the lens, and thus the position of the focus point, can also be effected by other suitable means. Schematically, the focus point adjustment device is indicated by box 69.
The cutting gas supply device 64 has a cutting gas supply conduit 63, which is connected to the cutting gas conduit 62 in the laser cutting device 20a. The laser generator is also called a laser resonator and is indicated schematically by box 31. The laser generator 31 is connected to the deflection mirror 3 by the laser beam guiding device 65.
2 is connected. In the usual manner, the deflection mirror 32 is cooled, so that the deflection mirror 32 is connected to a cooling system 67 by a cooling conduit 66. In this schematic diagram, box 68 represents the feed device for tool receiver 10a. The laser cutting device 20 allows the workpiece 3 to freely pass under the laser nozzle 23.
a is designed to be able to move in the vertical direction. Depending on the design of the punching machine used, this means that the laser cutting device can
This is achieved by being incorporated into a. This is because the punching ram is provided with the possibility of vertical movement. The punching ram is brought into the upper position for tool changes. This upper position is sufficient to ensure space for the workpiece 3 with the laser cutting device 20a installed. The workpiece 3 is moved by a workpiece guide (schematically represented by box 72). The chip disposal device 73 is connected via a conduit 74 to a chip container 75 , and the combustion gas generated is sucked in by a suction device 76 .

Schematically illustrated components 31, 64, 67, 68, 6 necessary for laser cutting operation
9, 72, 76 are connected via conductors and conduits to a control device 77, in particular a numerical control device and an energy supply device 78.
connected with. Furthermore, the cutting gas supply device 64 is connected to a cutting gas storage 79 .

In one embodiment of the invention shown in FIG.
The laser cutting device indicated by 0h is punching head 7.
It is located in the lower part of 1. In this case, the lens 103 for the laser beam 29 is arranged in the radial beam path and in the radial bore of the punching head 71. By configuring it in this way, the focal length of the lens can be partially reduced, for example by 50
% in the radial optical path range, the construction height of the laser cutting device is significantly reduced, there is no need to raise the punching ram significantly, and the construction height of the punching machine is further reduced. be able to keep it. Of course, in this case as well, it is conceivable to adjust the position of the lens 103 using an adjusting device to change the focal point position with respect to the surface of the workpiece 3. The laser beam 29 is connected to the laser guide tube 6
0 and the cutting gas is supplied to the laser cutting device 20h via a cutting gas conduit 62.

FIG. 7 shows a state in which a punching tool is attached in place of the laser cutting device 20h of FIG. 6.

In FIG. 8, an embodiment of an arrangement for bringing the laser cutting device, designated 20i, into the working position is shown.

A tubular casing 94 is fixed or integrally formed on the punching head 71. Laser cutting device 2
Oi is attached to a holder having a jib 91 that holds the laser nozzle 23 and a shaft 94, and is arranged so as to be rotatable and movable in the axial direction within the casing 94 by the shaft 94.

Shaft 94 of the holding body of the laser cutting device 20i
is equipped with external teeth 95. A pinion 96 fixed to the shaft of a motor 97 meshes with the external teeth 95 . By rotation of the motor 97, the holder of the laser cutting device 20i is pivoted about the axis of the tubular casing 94, and the laser nozzle 23 is brought into the working position. This is laser cutting device 2
This is possible if the holder 0i is lowered by the motor 100 and the lifting drive consisting of the pinion 99 and the rack 98 from the position shown in dashed lines. For this purpose, the width of the external teeth 95 is made larger than the width of the pinion 96 by the length of the vertical movement of the holder. If the motor 100 is connected to a precision control device, a focus adjustment can also be carried out via the motor 100. When the laser cutting device is in the working position shown, the laser beam impinges on a first deflection mirror 101 via a feed channel 118, which deflects the laser beam into a second deflection mirror 101.
The light is supplied to the lens 103 via the deflection mirror 102 . The partially focused laser beam is brought to the surface of the workpiece 3 via a further deflection mirror 104. Via a cooling medium conduit 105, the cooling medium is supplied to a suitable deflection mirror, in particular deflection mirror 104.

FIG. 9 shows the laser cutting device 20i shown in FIG.
It is a figure showing the state where it replaced with a punching tool.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10, the laser cutting device is designated by the reference numeral 20j. In this embodiment, the deflection mirror 106 is located at the outer corner of the L-shaped passage of the laser cutting device 20j. When switching from punching operation to laser cutting operation, it is necessary to quickly and reliably connect the laser cutting device 20i to the laser generator 31, the cooling system 67, and the cutting gas supply device. For this purpose, in this embodiment, all necessary connections are arranged in a connecting member 107 that is movable back and forth in the direction of the arrow. This includes in particular a laser guide tube 60 for the laser beam 29 and a cooling medium conduit 105 for the deflection mirror 106 to be cooled;
This is a passage 57 for supplying cutting gas. The movement of the connecting member 107 that takes place in the borehole 108 after the laser cutting device 20j has been brought into the working position by a controlled movement is released and controlled by the control device 77. This ensures that all connections occur reliably and automatically.

FIG. 11 shows a state in which the laser cutting device 20j shown in FIG. 10 has been replaced with a punching tool.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment in which the deflection mirror 109 is arranged at the outer corner of an L-shaped channel in the region of the lower end of the punching ram 14. In this case, the punching ram 14 is brought to the exact position where the opening 110 is aligned with the opening 111 by means not shown.

In contrast, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the deflection mirror 115 is mounted not on the movable punching ram 14, but on a mirror holder 114 which is fixedly connected to the punching head 71. There is. In this case, FIG. 13 shows a state in which a punch is attached, and FIG. 14 shows a state in which a laser cutting device 20k is attached. The punching ram 14 has a long hole 11
3, and this elongated hole 113 allows the punching ram 14 to be inserted without the mirror holder 114 and the elongated hole 113 coming into contact with each other.
It has a length that allows it to move through the punching process. The lower part of the punching ram 14 has a hole between the ram end and the slot. This hole can be used to receive the punch 11 during the punching operation. If the laser cutting device 20k is mounted directly on the receiving part of the punching ram 14 or on the punching head 71, the laser beam 29 will be directed to the punching head 71.
through an opening 111 in the punching ram 14 and an opening 112 in the punching ram 14 to the deflection mirror 115;
From there, it is supplied to the laser cutting device 20k.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a punching machine disclosed in the specification of the earlier application, JP-A-60-238094, and Fig. 2 is a section showing a state in which a laser cutting device is attached to the punching machine of Fig. 1. 3 is a partial view of the punching tool shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the punching machine of the present invention, and FIG. A schematic diagram showing the relationship between a generator and a supply device for liquid and gaseous media, FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the tool receiving part of the punching machine of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a diagram similar to that of FIG. FIG. 8 shows an example of a drive device that moves the laser cutting device between a working position and a non-working position, and FIG. 9 shows a state in which a punching tool is attached to a tool receiving part. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the tool receiving part of the punching machine of the present invention, and FIG. Fig. 12 shows the lower end of the ram with the deflection mirror attached, Fig. 13 shows it attached to the immovable mirror holder. Figure 1 showing the deflection mirror and the punch 11 attached to the lower end of the ram.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a state in which a laser cutting device is attached in place of the punch shown in FIG. 13. 1...Vertical guide, 2...Horizontal guide, 3...Workpiece,
4...Motor, 5...Pinion, 6...Rack,
7... Motor, 8... Table, 9... Tightening device, 10... Tool receiver, 11... Punch, 12
... scraping tool, 13 ... die, 14 ... punching ram, 16 ... cylinder, 17 ... piston, 1
8, 19... Connection portion, 20... Laser cutting device,
21...Lens frame, 22...Lens, 23...Laser nozzle, 24...Head, 26...Aperture, 2
8... Vertical hole, 29... Laser beam, 31... Laser generator, 32... Deflection mirror, 34... Machine frame, 56... Radial hole, 57... Passage, 60
... Laser guide tube, 61 ... Holding member, 62 ...
Cutting gas conduit, 64...Cutting gas supply device, 67
... Cooling system, 68 ... Feeding device, 69 ... Focus point adjustment device, 71 ... Punching head, 72 ...
...Workpiece guide device, 73...Chip processing device, 75
... Chips container, 76 ... Suction device, 77 ... Control device, 78 ... Energy supply device, 79 ... Cutting gas storage section, 93 ... Casing, 94 ... Turning mirror, 95 ... External teeth, 96...Pinion, 97...
Motor, 98...Rack, 99...Pinion, 1
00...Motor, 101...Direction mirror, 102...
Turning mirror, 103... Lens, 104... Turning mirror,
106... Turning mirror, 109... Turning mirror, 110...
...opening, 113...long hole, 114...mirror holder,
115...Transforming mirror.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A punching machine that processes a workpiece using a punching tool or using a laser cutting beam passing through a laser cutting device, the punching machine including a geometric axis of the punching tool and the laser cutting device. The laser nozzle located below the punching ram 14 coincides with the geometric axis of the laser nozzle in the working position, the laser cutting device is mounted directly on the punching head 71, and when using the punching tool, the laser nozzle located below the punching ram 14 In those versions in which the components of the laser cutting device 20, including 23, are removed from near the bottom of the punching ram 14, the laser cutting beam entering radially with respect to the geometrical axis of the punching ram 14 is directed upwardly. Direction mirrors 94, 104, 106, 109, 11 arranged near the lower end of the punching ram 14 pulled up to
5 in a direction coinciding with the geometrical axis of the punching ram 14. 2. A lens 103 for the laser beam is arranged in the radial optical path. Claim 1
The punching machine described in section. 3. A cutting machine according to claim 2, wherein the lens 103 is located within a radial hole of the cutting head 71. 4 Long hole 11 extending in the working direction of the punching ram 14
A deflection mirror 115 is present in the mirror holder 114 which engages with the punching ram 14 and has a radial opening 112 opening in the region of the lower end of the elongated hole pointing towards the free end of the punching ram 14. 14 is pulled up, the aperture 112 is aligned with the radial aperture 111 provided in the punching head 71 as an entrance hole for the laser cutting beam 29, and the lower end of the elongated hole 113 2. A punching machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a nearby axially connected outlet hole is provided axially centrally in the lower end of the punching ram (14). 5. A punching machine according to claim 4, in which an axially arranged outlet hole in the center of the lower end of the punching ram 14 forms a receptacle for the punch 11 or communicates with the receptacle. . 6. A cutting gas conduit 62 is fixed to the punching head 71 and is connected to the laser nozzle 23 via a radial passage of the punching head 71 and a trailing passage of the laser cutting device 20h. , a punching machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. Cutting machine according to claim 1, in which the deflection mirror 106 is arranged at the outer corner of the L-shaped channel of the laser cutting device 20j. 8. Cutting machine according to claim 1, in which the deflection mirror 109 is arranged at the outer corner of the L-shaped passage of the cutting ram 14. 9 The laser cutting device 20i which deflects the laser cutting beam entering in the radial direction with respect to the geometrical axis of the punching ram 14 in a direction that coincides with the geometrical axis of the punching ram 14 is connected to the laser nozzle 23.
The shaft 94 is mounted on a holder having a jib 91 and a shaft 94, which is axially movable and rotatable within a tubular casing 93 fixed or integrally molded adjacent to the punching head 71. lifting drive devices 98, 99, 100 for raising and lowering the holder; and a turning drive device 9 for rotating the holder for moving the laser nozzle 23 from a working position to a non-working position;
5, 96, 97. 10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the elevating drive device for elevating and lowering the holding body of the laser cutting device 20i is composed of a rack 98 on the shaft 94 of the holding body and a pinion 99 that can be driven by a motor 100. punching machine. 11 The rotation drive device that rotates the holding body of the laser cutting device 20i is connected to the external teeth 95 of the shaft of the holding body.
and a pinion 96 that can be driven by a motor 97, and the width of the external teeth 95 is larger than the width of the pinion 96 by approximately the length of the lifting stroke of the holder. The punching machine described in section. 12 A passage member for the laser beam 29 in the holder of the laser cutting device 20 and three deflection mirrors 10
1, 102, 104 and the lens 103 are connected to the laser beam supply passage 118 with the laser nozzle 23 in the working position. The punching machine according to item 1.