JPH04314428A - Method for sampling blood - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable uniform sampling of blood sanitarily free from skill of sampling without accompanying pains by performing a pinpoint irradiation of the surface of skin with a laser beam having a specified wavelength, a pulse width and energy to obtain blood at an irradiation point. CONSTITUTION:A resonator 1 has a solid laser inside and is built into the body 2. A power source and a controller are provided on a separate controller 3. A lens hood 4 is provided on the output side of a laser beam of the body 2 and a condenser lens 5 is provided inside the lens hood 4 to condense the laser beam to be outputted from the resonator 1 with the condenser lens 5. Thus, a pinpoint irradiation of the surface of skin is performed with the laser beam having a wavelength of 1.5-3.0mum, a laser pulse width of 100-300usc., an energy of 1-1.5J/pulse to obtain blood at an irradiation point.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to a method for collecting blood.

0002

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, blood has been collected by piercing the skin of the arm or earlobe with the needle of a syringe, and then sucking up the blood with the syringe.

0003

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, since such a method directly pierces the skin with an injection needle, great care is required in terms of hygiene. In particular, there have been many recent reports of people being infected with AIDS or hepatitis B due to viruses attached to syringes, so special care must be taken when storing and handling syringes and needles. In addition, the needle is inserted into the skin, causing severe pain, and the pain continues as the needle is sucked up into the skin. It was also undeniable that the skill of such collection work was due to differences in the skill of each person handling the syringe.

0004

[Means for Solving the Problems] This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to solve the problems by providing a method for collecting blood without any equipment coming into contact with the skin. Specifically, it is characterized by pinpoint irradiation of a laser beam onto a point to be collected, and then obtaining blood from the irradiation point.

However, safety must be kept in mind when irradiating the skin with a laser beam, and moreover, blood coagulation must be prevented for that purpose. For example, a carbon dioxide laser used in a laser scalpel used in surgery may cause gangrene if handled incorrectly, and its wavelength is about 10 μm, which causes blood to coagulate.

[0006] Therefore, in the present invention, the wavelength is set to 1.0, taking into account the absorption coefficients of hemoglobin, which is the main component of blood, water, etc.
5 to 3.0 μm, and in view of the purpose of blood sampling and associated safety, the laser pulse width is 100 to 30 μm.
0μsec. , the laser energy is 1 to 1 per pulse
．． This method employs a method of pinpoint irradiation of the skin with a 5J laser beam.

Naturally, the irradiation diameter of the laser beam is required to be the minimum necessary for collecting blood. Considering this point, the irradiation diameter at the skin surface is 0.
It is desirable to irradiate to a depth of 5 to 3 mm.

[0008]

[Operation] To specifically sample blood using the blood sampling method according to the present invention, a laser beam is irradiated within each of the above ranges, for example, toward the pad of a fingertip. This creates a very small scratch at the irradiation point, from which blood oozes out. After that, apply appropriate pressure to the finger, for example by pressing the back and pad of the finger, and drop the blood onto a glass plate or glass container. Therefore, the wound never comes into contact with other objects.

The irradiated laser beam has a wavelength of 1.
Since it is 5 to 3.0 μm, blood will not coagulate. When blood is irradiated with a laser beam, various components of the blood absorb the light energy depending on the wavelength of the laser beam, and the blood coagulates due to their interaction. In particular, hemoglobin and water absorption have a major influence on coagulation. Figure 2
is a graph showing the absorption coefficient of hemoglobin and water with respect to wavelength, and it shows that for a laser beam with a wavelength in the range of 1.5 to 3.0 μm, the absorption coefficient of water is relatively good, while the absorption coefficient of hemoglobin is low. . Therefore, when the skin is irradiated with a laser beam in this range, most of the energy is absorbed by the water in the skin surface tissue, creating holes in the skin surface tissue, while the transmitted beam no longer interacts with components in the blood. Because it is weakened, the blood cannot clot.

Moreover, the laser beam irradiation time is 100 to 300 μsec. , the pain is almost imperceptible because it lasts only a moment.

[0011]

Embodiment FIG. 1 shows a laser device for carrying out a sampling method according to an embodiment and how the laser beam is irradiated onto the pad of a fingertip using the laser device. 1 is a resonator with a solid-state laser inside; 2
is a main body containing the resonator 1, and a power source and a control device are provided in a separate controller 3. Main body 2
A lens hood 4 is provided on the output side of the laser beam, and a condensing lens 5 is provided inside this lens hood 4, and the laser beam output from the resonator 1 is condensed by this condensing lens 5. . The solid-state laser material used in this example is [Outer 1].

[Outside 1]

The laser device used in this embodiment has the above-described configuration. For example, in order to collect blood from a fingertip, the laser device is placed on a suitable table 6 with its belly portion facing the condensing lens 5. Place the finger 7 of the blood collector. In this case, it is convenient to set a suitable locking body 8 on the top surface of the table 6 in order to fix the irradiation target of the laser beam oscillated from the condensing lens 5 of the laser device. That is, this locking body 8 is curved on the inside so that the tip of a person's finger can fit a little, and is fixed to the top surface of the table 6 so that the laser beam is focused near the outer edge of the locking body 8. . In this way, even if the finger sizes of the blood sample recipient are different, the laser beam can always be pinpoint irradiated onto the fingertip at a substantially constant position and constant size.

[0013] When the finger 7 of the blood sample is irradiated with the laser beam in this manner, a minute wound is created at the irradiation point, and blood oozes out. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 3, by pressing the back and belly of the finger 7, more blood oozes out. In this state, as shown in FIG. 3, if the blood sample is dropped onto a suitable receiver 9 such as a glass plate, the blood of the person to be collected can be collected onto the receiver 9. As is clear from such a process, the wound on the blood sample's finger 7 never comes into contact with other objects, and is extremely hygienic. Further, the irradiation time of the laser beam is 100 to 300 μsec. Since it only happens for a moment, there is almost no pain. Furthermore, since the laser beam irradiation itself is an extremely simple operation, it is not dependent on the skill of the operator, and uniform blood sampling can be performed by anyone.

As shown in FIG. 4, if you press the back and belly of the finger 7 after irradiating the laser beam, the blood will ooze out in the form of droplets, and in this state, suck it up with a suitable liquid suction device such as a dropper. You can. In this case as well, the wound is only indirectly in contact with the liquid suction device via the blood. Therefore, it is more hygienic than the conventional blood sampling method using a syringe.

[0015]

[Effect of the invention] According to this invention, in the process of blood collection,
Blood can be collected without any contact between the wound and other objects, making it extremely hygienic. And it's almost painless. In addition, blood can be collected uniformly without being affected by differences in the skill of individuals collecting blood.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing how a finger of a person receiving blood is irradiated with a laser beam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin and water in blood with respect to light wavelengths.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing how blood is dripped into a receiver by applying pressure to the dorsum and belly of a finger after laser beam irradiation according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing how blood is oozed out by applying pressure to the dorsum and belly of a finger after laser beam irradiation according to the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Resonator 2 Main body 3 Controller 4 Lens hood 5 Condensing lens 6 units 7 Finger 8 Locking body 9 Receptor

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim 1: The wavelength is 1.5 to 3.0 μm, and the laser pulse width is 100 to 300 μsec. , the laser energy is 1
A blood sampling method characterized by pinpoint irradiation of a skin surface with a laser beam of ~1.5 J/pulse and obtaining blood from the irradiation point. 0001