JPH0430870B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0430870B2 JPH0430870B2 JP60269331A JP26933185A JPH0430870B2 JP H0430870 B2 JPH0430870 B2 JP H0430870B2 JP 60269331 A JP60269331 A JP 60269331A JP 26933185 A JP26933185 A JP 26933185A JP H0430870 B2 JPH0430870 B2 JP H0430870B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fire prevention
- ventilation
- eaves
- fire
- present
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
＜産業上の利用分野＞
本発明は家屋の軒天に設置し、火災発生時に火
災の侵入を防止する防火換気口に関する。
＜従来の技術＞
軒裏天井は、外壁と同様、建築物の条件によつ
て防火構造とすることが法的に義務づけられてい
る。これは、軒裏が防火上弱点となる部位であ
り、軒裏より火炎が侵入すると炎が小屋裏内の主
要な構造部に容易に達し、天井吊木に着火した場
合には、天井が落下するなどの危険性が高いため
である。
一方、軒裏天井防火のため密閉すると内部の換
気が不良になり湿気が篭もり建材を早期に腐蝕さ
せてしまう。そこで、小屋裏内部の換気を主目的
として、ステンレス、アルミニウム、プラスチツ
クス合板等の材質よりなる有孔板が用いられ、そ
の有効面積の合計が室内天井面積の１／150程度
の換気口が設けられることが多い。しかし上記の
如き在来より用いられてきた換気口材では、火炎
による炎の侵入を防止できず、換気口より火が入
つた延焼例も報告されている。
軒裏天井防火構造とし、かつ換気も行える防火
換気口の製造が望まれていた。
＜発明の目的＞
本発明者は上記の課題に鑑み、換気性を保持す
るとともに防火性能を有する防火換気口を提供す
ることを目的としている。
＜発明の構成＞
本発明の防火換気口は、家屋の軒天の換気のた
めの換気口であつて、不燃性の天井材の一端を加
熱により溶融する低温溶融プラスチツクスからな
る柱状体で持ち上げ、火災時に該低温溶融プラス
チツクスが溶融することにより、自重で該天井材
が閉止して防火構造となる。
この発明の防火換気口は、平常時には低温溶融
プラスチツクスからなる棒状体（以下温度ヒユー
ズと称す）が、不燃性閉止板の一端を持ち上げて
おりその隙間から自由に空気が出入りできるので
充分に換気が行える。
一方、火災時には温度上昇により温度ヒユーズ
が溶融してその形状を保ちえず、不燃性閉止板が
その自重により落下し換気口を閉鎖し、かくして
火炎および煙の侵入を遮断できる。
以下に添付図面により本発明を詳述する。
第１図および第２図はそれぞれ本発明による防
火換気口を設けた軒部分の代表例を示す１部破断
縦断面図であり、第１図は軒裏天井を水平に設け
た場合、第２図は軒裏天井を屋根と平行に設けた
場合である。本発明による防火換気口は、不燃性
閉止板を軸止する必要がなくいずれもその取付が
容易である。
第１図および第２図において５は野縁、６は軒
裏天井、７は屋根、８はたる木、９は野地板、１
０は外壁であり、本発明による防火換気口Ａを軒
裏天井６に設けた状態が示されている。
第３図は軒裏天井部に設けられた本発明による
防火換気口の一部破断縦断面図であり、第４図は
本発明による防火換気口を軒裏内側から見た平面
図である。
第３図および第４図に示した基本構造は、軒裏
天井防火換気口Ａ外周に野縁５を廻し、その野縁
５に対して既製換気有孔板３を取り付ける場合で
ある。換気有孔板としては、ステンレス、アルミ
ニユウム、プラスチツクス、合板等により有孔板
製のものが一般に用いられている。本発明におい
ては換気有孔板の形状、材質は特に問わない。
本発明による防火換気口の火炎遮断機構の基本
部位は、火災時所定の加熱温度において溶融する
温度ヒユーズ１と、該ヒユーズ１により一端を持
ち上げられ、該ヒユーズ１の溶融により換気口を
閉鎖し、火炎、煙の侵入を遮断する不燃性閉鎖板
２とからなる。
温度ヒユーズ１として低温溶融性プラスチツク
スを用いる。耐熱温度100℃前後のものが望まし
い。
不燃性閉鎖板２は、温度ヒユーズの１の溶融に
よる自由落下と、閉鎖後下面よりの火炎による持
ち上げを防ぐため、所定の厚さと重量が必要であ
り、材質としては不燃性ボード類が適当である。
第３図および第４図の防火換気口においては、
換気口外周の野縁５の防火被覆を目的とした不燃
性側板４を野縁５の内周に取り付けてある。
側板４、閉鎖板２はいずれもスレート板が多く
用いられ、その厚さとしては、10mm前後のものが
好ましい。
＜実施例＞
本発明による防火換気口と従来の有孔板一枚か
らなる換気口につき防火性能の試験を行つた。
試験方法：
試験方法は、JIS A1301「建築物木造部分の防
火試験方法」による屋外２級防火方法によつた。
試験体：
ほぼ実物大の軒部を用いて、第１表に示す要領
により試験した。
<Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a fire prevention vent installed in the roof of a house to prevent fire from entering in the event of a fire outbreak. <Conventional Technology> Like exterior walls, eaves ceilings are legally required to have a fire-resistant structure depending on the building conditions. This is because the soffit is the weak point in terms of fire prevention, and if flames enter through the soffit, they can easily reach the main structure inside the attic, and if the ceiling hanging tree catches fire, the ceiling will fall. This is because there is a high risk of doing so. On the other hand, if the eaves and ceilings are sealed to prevent fires, internal ventilation will be poor and moisture will accumulate, causing early corrosion of building materials. Therefore, with the main purpose of ventilation inside the attic, perforated boards made of materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, and plastic plywood are used, and ventilation holes with a total effective area of about 1/150 of the indoor ceiling area are installed. This is often the case. However, the vent materials that have been used conventionally as described above cannot prevent flames from entering, and there have been reports of fires spreading through the vents. There was a desire to manufacture a fireproof ventilation opening that had a fireproof structure under the eaves and ceiling, and also provided ventilation. <Object of the Invention> In view of the above problems, the present inventor aims to provide a fire prevention ventilation opening that maintains ventilation and has fire prevention performance. <Structure of the Invention> The fire prevention vent of the present invention is a vent for ventilating the eaves of a house, and is made by lifting one end of a noncombustible ceiling material with a columnar body made of low-temperature melting plastic that melts when heated. In the event of a fire, the low-temperature melting plastic melts and the ceiling material closes under its own weight, creating a fireproof structure. In the fire prevention vent of this invention, under normal conditions, a rod-shaped body made of low-temperature melting plastic (hereinafter referred to as a temperature fuse) lifts one end of the noncombustible closing plate, and air can freely enter and exit from the gap, allowing sufficient ventilation. can be done. On the other hand, in the event of a fire, the temperature fuse melts due to the rise in temperature and cannot maintain its shape, and the non-flammable closing plate falls under its own weight, closing the ventilation opening, thus blocking the intrusion of flame and smoke. The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 are partially cutaway vertical cross-sectional views showing typical examples of eaves sections provided with fire prevention ventilation holes according to the present invention, and FIG. The figure shows the case where the soffit is installed parallel to the roof. The fire prevention vent according to the present invention does not require the non-combustible closing plate to be pivoted and is easy to install. In Figures 1 and 2, 5 is a field edge, 6 is a soffit ceiling, 7 is a roof, 8 is a rafter, 9 is a roof board, 1
0 is an outer wall, and a state in which a fire prevention ventilation opening A according to the present invention is provided in a soffit ceiling 6 is shown. FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway vertical cross-sectional view of a fire prevention ventilation opening according to the present invention provided in the soffit ceiling, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the fire prevention ventilation opening according to the invention as seen from the inside of the eaves. The basic structure shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 is a case where a field edge 5 is placed around the outer periphery of the eaves ceiling fire prevention ventilation opening A, and a ready-made ventilation perforated plate 3 is attached to the field edge 5. As the perforated ventilation plate, a perforated plate made of stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, plywood, etc. is generally used. In the present invention, the shape and material of the perforated ventilation plate are not particularly limited. The basic parts of the flame cutoff mechanism of the fire prevention vent according to the present invention include a temperature fuse 1 that melts at a predetermined heating temperature in the event of a fire, one end of which is lifted by the fuse 1, and the vent is closed by melting the fuse 1. It consists of a nonflammable closing plate 2 that blocks the intrusion of flame and smoke. As the temperature fuse 1, a low-temperature melting plastic is used. It is desirable that the heat resistance temperature is around 100℃. The non-combustible closing plate 2 must have a certain thickness and weight in order to prevent free fall due to the melting of the temperature fuse 1 and lifting due to flames from the bottom surface after closing, and a non-flammable board is suitable as the material. be. In the fire prevention vents shown in Figures 3 and 4,
A non-combustible side plate 4 is attached to the inner periphery of the edge 5 for the purpose of fireproofing the edge 5 around the ventilation opening. Slate plates are often used for both the side plates 4 and the closing plate 2, and their thickness is preferably about 10 mm. <Example> A fire prevention performance test was conducted on a fire prevention vent according to the present invention and a conventional ventilation hole made of a single perforated plate. Test method: The test method was based on the outdoor class 2 fire prevention method according to JIS A1301 "Fire prevention test method for wooden parts of buildings".
Test specimen: Tests were conducted according to the procedures shown in Table 1 using a nearly full-sized eave section.
【表】
試験結果：
各測定位置の最高温度測定結果を第２表、時間
と軒裏雰囲気温度との関係を添付第５図、軒裏内
部の状況観察結果を第３表にそれぞれ示した。[Table] Test results: The maximum temperature measurement results at each measurement location are shown in Table 2, the relationship between time and eaves atmosphere temperature is shown in attached Figure 5, and the results of observing conditions inside the eaves are shown in Table 3.
【表】【table】
【表】
−：軒裏内に火炎が観察された時間
▽：野地板著火により加熱を中止した時間
第２表、第３表および第５の結果より下記のこ
とが判明した。
(1) 既製換気器材あるいは有孔ボード単体からな
る従来例は、いずれも加熱開始後５分前後で軒
裏内へ炎が入り、炎は野地板に達し、防火上ま
つたく無防備な状況であつた。
(2) 本発明による防火構造は、換気器材の材質、
開口面積に関係なく、加熱開始後約４分、換気
口表面温度約120℃で閉鎖板が落下し、炎、煙
とともに遮断できた。また、軒裏雰囲気最高温
度も、約50℃であり防火構造として満足できる
ものであつた。
＜発明の効果＞
(1) 小屋裏換気を目的とした換気口の、防火性能
を著しく改善できる。
(2) 機械的な作動部がなく、構造が簡単で特別な
技能を有さなくても、現場で容易に施工でき
る。
(3) 材質が、無機質ボードに代される不燃板であ
り、価格が低廉である。
(4) 火炎によつて、閉鎖機構が作動した後も、温
度ヒユーズの取り替えのみによつて、簡単に再
使用ができる。[Table] -: Time when flame was observed in the eaves ▽: Time when heating was stopped due to ignition of roof board The following was found from the results of Tables 2, 3, and 5. (1) With conventional systems consisting of ready-made ventilation equipment or a single perforated board, flames entered the eaves within about 5 minutes after heating started, and the flames reached the roof boards, leaving the situation completely defenseless in terms of fire prevention. Ta. (2) The fireproof structure according to the present invention includes the material of the ventilation equipment,
Regardless of the opening area, about 4 minutes after heating started, the closing plate fell when the vent surface temperature was about 120°C, shutting off the flames and smoke. Furthermore, the maximum temperature under the eaves was approximately 50°C, which was satisfactory as a fireproof structure. <Effects of the Invention> (1) The fire prevention performance of ventilation holes for the purpose of attic ventilation can be significantly improved. (2) There are no mechanical operating parts, the structure is simple, and it can be easily installed on site without special skills. (3) The material is a noncombustible board that can be replaced with an inorganic board, and the price is low. (4) Even after the closing mechanism is activated by flame, it can be easily reused by simply replacing the temperature fuse.
添付図面中、第１図は本発明による防火換気口
を設けた軒裏部分の一部破断縦断面図、第２図は
本発明による防火換気口を設けた軒裏部分の他の
態様を示す一部破断縦断面図、第３図は本発明に
よる防火換気口を設けた軒裏部分の中特に換気口
部分を拡大して示した一部破断縦断面図、第４図
本発明による防火換気口を軒裏より見た平面図、
第５図は本発明による防火換気口の防火性能を時
間と軒裏雰囲気温度との関係を示すグラフであ
る。なお、図示された主要部と符号の対応関係は
以下の通りである。
１……温度ヒユーズ、２……不燃性閉鎖板、３
……換気有孔板、４……側板。
In the accompanying drawings, FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway vertical cross-sectional view of the soffit part provided with the fire prevention ventilation opening according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows another aspect of the soffit part provided with the fire prevention ventilation opening according to the present invention. Fig. 3 is a partially cutaway vertical cross-sectional view showing an enlarged view of the soffit section provided with the fire prevention ventilation opening according to the present invention, particularly the ventilation opening portion, and Fig. 4 is a partially cutaway longitudinal cross-sectional view showing the ventilation opening according to the present invention on an enlarged scale. Plan view of the entrance seen from the soffit,
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the fire protection performance of the fire prevention vent according to the present invention as a function of time and eaves atmosphere temperature. Note that the correspondence relationship between the main parts shown and the symbols is as follows. 1...Temperature fuse, 2...Nonflammable closing plate, 3
...Ventilation perforated plate, 4...Side plate.
Claims (1)
不燃性の天井材の一端を加熱により溶融する低温
溶融プラスチツクスからなる柱状体で持ち上げ、
火災時に該低温溶融プラスチツクスが溶融するこ
とにより、自重で該天井材が閉止して防火構造と
なることを特徴とする防火換気口。1. A ventilation opening for ventilation of the eaves of a house,
One end of the non-combustible ceiling material is lifted with a column made of low-temperature melting plastic that melts when heated.
A fire prevention vent characterized in that in the event of a fire, the low-temperature melting plastic melts and the ceiling material closes under its own weight, creating a fireproof structure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26933185A JPS62129065A (en) | 1985-12-02 | 1985-12-02 | Fireproof ventilation port |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26933185A JPS62129065A (en) | 1985-12-02 | 1985-12-02 | Fireproof ventilation port |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS62129065A JPS62129065A (en) | 1987-06-11 |
| JPH0430870B2 true JPH0430870B2 (en) | 1992-05-22 |
Family
ID=17470872
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26933185A Granted JPS62129065A (en) | 1985-12-02 | 1985-12-02 | Fireproof ventilation port |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS62129065A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS649664U (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-19 | ||
| JP2541443Y2 (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1997-07-16 | 空調技研工業株式会社 | Thermal fuse device for fire damper |
| JP4490531B2 (en) * | 1999-11-30 | 2010-06-30 | 日本化学産業株式会社 | Fire damper for ventilation |
| JP4933701B2 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2012-05-16 | 大和ハウス工業株式会社 | Fire damper |
| JP4551173B2 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2010-09-22 | クボタ松下電工外装株式会社 | Roof ventilation structure |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5144170B2 (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1976-11-26 | ||
| JPS5534818B2 (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1980-09-09 |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5144170U (en) * | 1974-09-28 | 1976-04-01 | ||
| JPS5631239Y2 (en) * | 1978-08-28 | 1981-07-24 |
-
1985
- 1985-12-02 JP JP26933185A patent/JPS62129065A/en active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5534818B2 (en) * | 1972-10-24 | 1980-09-09 | ||
| JPS5144170B2 (en) * | 1973-03-20 | 1976-11-26 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS62129065A (en) | 1987-06-11 |
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