JPH0430043Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed explanation of the idea]

(Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an asphalt-based waterproof sheet that is useful for waterproofing the rooftops of concrete buildings, etc., and more specifically, it has excellent conformability to cracks in concrete, which is a waterproof base, and This invention relates to an excellent asphalt-based waterproof sheet that does not bulge due to moisture even when used in the (flame) construction method. (Prior Art) Conventionally, various waterproofing methods have been applied to the rooftops of concrete buildings in order to prevent water leakage due to concrete cracks, etc. This waterproofing method can be broadly classified as follows. (1) Asphalt waterproofing method: There are heat method and room temperature method. (2) Sheet waterproofing method: A method that uses sheets made of vulcanized rubber, non-vulcanized rubber, PVC, or EVA. (3) Paint film waterproofing method: urethane-based, acrylic-based,
A construction method that uses liquid polymers such as chloroprene, rubber, or asphalt. Among the asphalt waterproofing methods mentioned in (1) above, the thermal method is a method that has been used for a long time, has a rich track record, and is highly reliable, and is still the most commonly used method for waterproofing. This asphalt waterproofing/thermal construction method involves putting petrochemical by-products or natural asphalt lumps into a melting pot, and applying the heated and melted liquid to a rooftop covered with reinforcing materials such as felt or non-woven fabric. This method creates a waterproof layer of a predetermined thickness (6 to 8 mm) by repeating this process, but it has the following drawbacks. (1) A bad odor is generated when asphalt is heated and dissolved. (2) When melted asphalt is applied by spraying, etc., a bad odor is generated and the surrounding area is contaminated. (3) There is a risk of burns due to hot asphalt. Therefore, the working environment and working conditions of the above-mentioned thermal construction method are not necessarily good, and as a result, the number of engineers who carry out this method is gradually decreasing. The above-mentioned sheet waterproofing method (2) and paint film waterproofing method (3) have been proposed to solve these drawbacks. The sheet waterproofing method involves attaching a sheet of rubber or plastic to the rooftop using adhesive, but it has the following drawbacks. (1) There are many seams in the sheet, (2) the thickness of the sheet is relatively thin, (3) the weather resistance of the sheet itself is not perfect, etc. On the other hand, the coating film waterproofing method (3) above uses a liquid polymer instead of asphalt, which has the drawbacks of asphalt, namely, it is black and easily stained.
Although it does not have any drawbacks such as a bad odor, the material is more expensive than asphalt, so it cannot be applied thickly, and it takes a long time to harden, so depending on the slope of the roof, it may run and the thickness of the coating may be insufficient. There are disadvantages such as uniformity. Therefore, an asphalt waterproofing method using a torch method was considered. This construction method takes advantage of asphalt's economic efficiency and durability while also applying asphalt's heat-melting properties.It uses asphalt compounds that have specific durability properties (weather resistance, elongation at low temperatures, etc.). A non-woven fabric is used as a core material to form a sheet with a thickness of 3 to 5 mm, and the back side of this asphalt compound sheet is
This is a construction method in which the asphalt is heated with a flame (torch) at ℃ to melt it and attached to the waterproof base (rooftop).In this construction method, the joint between the sheets is also made by laminating both asphalt sheets in a heated and melted state. By doing this, it can be easily integrated, which is much easier and safer than the conventional sheet waterproofing method. In addition, this method is gradually becoming popular because it does not have any of the above-mentioned drawbacks (1) to (3) found in the asphalt thermal construction method. However, a new problem has arisen here. In other words, in the case of this torch construction method, the back side of the asphalt compound sheet is completely melted and attached to the waterproof base, which is a so-called full-surface adhesive method, so if a crack occurs in the waterproof base, the characteristics that follow this crack will be The problem is that the waterproof layer is also destroyed when the waterproof base cracks, and when a waterproof layer is installed on concrete, the water contained in the concrete becomes airy as the temperature rises. Therefore, in normal waterproofing construction methods, a deaeration (dewater vapor) device is installed in each predetermined area to prevent this bulge. Since the construction method is a full-surface adhesive construction method as described above, it is impossible to collect and deaerate this moisture, resulting in the disadvantage that it is impossible to prevent bulges. (Means for Solving the Problems) The purpose of the present invention is to provide an asphalt-based waterproof sheet for use in the torch construction method that eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks. achieved by. That is, in the present invention, an asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric is laminated on an asphalt sheet, asphalt is filled into the pores to approximately the same level as the plane of the glass nonwoven fabric, and a plastic film is further laminated on the top surface. This is an asphalt-based waterproof sheet with the following characteristics. (Preferred Embodiment) Next, the present invention will be described as one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The description will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate examples. That is, the asphalt-based waterproof sheet 10 of the present invention
As shown in the first figure, the asphalt sheet 1 is laminated on one side of the perforated glass nonwoven fabric 3 impregnated with asphalt, and the plastic film 6 is laminated on the other side, and the above-mentioned holes 5 are laminated.
The basic feature is that the asphalt 1' is filled in the inside almost to the same plane as the hole-free plane of the glass nonwoven fabric 3. The asphalt compound sheet 1 used in the present invention is made of blown asphalt alone or modified by adding a synthetic resin with excellent low-temperature properties such as atactic polypropylene to the blown asphalt. It is similar to the asphalt compound sheet used in the ordinary torch construction method. The asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric 3 used in the present invention is a normal glass nonwoven fabric impregnated with asphalt. In this case, the glass nonwoven fabric 3 preferably has a thickness in the range of about 0.1 to 1.0 mm, preferably in the range of about 0.25 to 0.4 mm. If the thickness is less than 0.1 mm, it is preferable because the melt of the asphalt compound sheet 1 will permeate the entire three layers of glass nonwoven fabric during heating with a torch, resulting in loss of water collection ability (deaeration ability). do not have. On the other hand, if the thickness exceeds 1.0 mm, it becomes difficult for the asphalt compound sheet 1' to swell, although it depends on the size of the hole diameter of the perforated portion 5.
It is difficult to form a substantially flush surface with the glass nonwoven fabric 3, and it usually rises only to a slightly lower position. Therefore, when the sheet of the present invention is heated with a torch and attached to a waterproof base, sufficient adhesion is required. This is not preferable because the result is that the In this case, the holes 5 may be filled with another asphalt,
In this case, the above-mentioned disadvantage does not occur, but the above-mentioned heaping method is preferable in terms of the process. Impregnation of the glass nonwoven fabric 3 with asphalt is also important. Excessive impregnation causes the glass nonwoven fabric 3 to lose its porosity, and as a result, the water collection properties of the sheet 10 are impaired. Therefore, impregnation of asphalt into the glass nonwoven fabric layer is carried out so that the porosity of the glass nonwoven fabric after impregnation is in the range of 10% to 80%, more preferably 30%.
A level of impregnation ranging from 50% to 50% is suitable. The porosity V ₂ here is a value determined by the following formula, and is somewhat different from the "permeability" defined in JIS A 6005. V ₁ (%): Porosity of glass nonwoven fabric = (1-d ₁ /d ₀ ) × 100 d ₀ : True specific gravity of glass nonwoven fabric (g/cm ³ ) d ₁ : Apparent specific gravity of glass nonwoven fabric (g/cm ² ) = Basis weight (g) / Volume of glass nonwoven fabric (thickness x area)
( ^cm3 ) _V2 (%): Porosity of asphalt-impregnated glass nonwoven fabric = (1- _d3 / _d2 )×100 _d2 : True specific gravity of asphalt-impregnated glass nonwoven fabric (g/ ^cm3 ) = Porosity of asphalt-impregnated glass nonwoven fabric Basis weight (g) / Glass fiber capacity + Asphalt capacity (cm ³ ) d ₃ : Apparent specific gravity of asphalt-impregnated glass nonwoven fabric (g/cm ³ ) = Basis weight of impregnated glass nonwoven fabric (g) / Volume of glass nonwoven fabric (cm ³ ) ) Here, d ₁ and d ₃ are obtained from the actual measurements of the glass nonwoven fabric in each state, and d ₀ and d ₂ are calculated from the specific gravity of the glass constituting the glass nonwoven fabric and the asphalt impregnated weight. be able to. The waterproof sheet obtained using the above-mentioned material with a porosity exceeding 80% has extremely weak adhesion to the waterproof base due to the impregnated asphalt 4 even when heated with a torch.
Practically unusable. In addition, the porosity
If the asphalt impregnation rate is less than 10%, that is, if the asphalt impregnation rate exceeds 90% of the voids in the glass nonwoven fabric, the adhesion to the waterproof substrate is sufficient, but the moisture generated from the substrate may not be collected. This is not desirable because it will not be possible. In this case, a glass nonwoven fabric with a too large apparent specific gravity is not preferable because the porosity of the glass nonwoven fabric itself is small, and impregnating with a small amount of asphalt will fill most of the pores, resulting in insufficient water collection ability and adhesive strength. . From this point of view, the apparent specific gravity of the glass nonwoven fabric is preferably about 0.50 g/cc or less. In the present invention, the diameter of the perforated portion 5 and its perforation ratio (the area ratio of the perforations to the whole) are also important.
JIS A 6023 "Anaaki Asphalt Roofing" is also used in thermal construction methods, and the waterproof sheet 10 of the present invention aims to achieve almost similar effects, but the pore diameter is 30 mm or less and the area of the pores is The ratio is 2
In the case of seeds (exposed construction method), it is over 80%, but this is based on the asphalt impregnation amount (JIS A 6023).
It has a large unit mass (referred to as unit mass) of 700 g/cm ² or more, and is based on a different technical idea from the waterproof sheet of the present invention, so it cannot be used as it is as the glass nonwoven fabric of the present invention. Perforated portion 5 of glass nonwoven fabric 3 in the present invention
The pore diameter is 30, which is the same as that of JIS A 6023.
mm or less, preferably in the range of 20 mm to 30 mm, and the area ratio of the hole to the whole is 15% or more and 50 mm or less.
A range of % or less is suitable. This range must be determined based on factors such as asphalt impregnation rate (porosity), water collection capacity, and adhesive strength to the waterproof substrate. In particular, maintaining water collection ability and adhesion strength to the base are contradictory abilities and should be carefully determined as they are important factors for a waterproof layer.
Although the holes 5 formed in the glass nonwoven fabric 3 have a perfect circular shape in the illustrated example, they are not limited to a perfect circular shape, and may have any shape such as a triangular, polygonal, or elliptical shape. Generally, wind speed generates negative pressure on the waterproof layer installed on the roof of a building, exerting a force that tends to tear the waterproof layer off. This force (wind pressure/decreased pressure)
P is expressed by the following formula. P=1/16CV ² (Kgf/m ² ) C: Wind force coefficient V: Wind speed (m/sec.) When the wind speed is 60 m/sec., the average is 675 Kg/m ² ,
It is said that a reduced pressure of 1350 kg/m ² is applied locally. When this reduced pressure is viewed as the adhesive strength (shear peel strength) to the waterproof layer base,
It corresponds to strengths of 67.5g/cm ² and 135g/cm ² , and the 180° peel strength (Kg/25mm width) is based on twice this value, so it is 270g/25mm width. 4 times the safety factor, 4 x 270g/25mm,
That is, if the peel strength is 1.0 Kg/25 mm or more, it can be said that the adhesive strength of the waterproof layer is sufficient. The average bond strength of the asphalt compound sheet to the concrete base using the normal torch method is 12.0 kg/25 mm width, so there is no problem with the bond strength in this area. However, in the case of the asphalt-based waterproof sheet 10 of the present invention, since the asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric 3 is used, the above-mentioned strength of 12.0 kg/25 mm width is only for the perforated portion 5 of the asphalt compound sheet 1'. The other portions of the glass nonwoven fabric 3 depend on the amount of asphalt impregnated. However, if the thickness is within the above range, i.e. from 0.25 to
When using a glass nonwoven fabric 3 with a diameter in the range of 0.40 mm, a porosity in the range of 30 to 50% after asphalt impregnation, and an apparent specific gravity of about 0.25 g/cc,
A strength of 1.40Kg/25mm width or more was obtained, and it is clear that the adhesive strength in this area is sufficient to withstand wind speeds of 60m/sec. However, it is surprising that these properties are not obtained only by special glass nonwoven fabrics, but that commonly commercially available glass nonwoven fabrics can be used. In addition, the plastic film 6 used in this invention
This has the effect of aligning the surface of the asphalt 1' filled in the perforated part 5 to be substantially flush with the glass nonwoven fabric 3, and also improves the workability of the product sheet, that is, during manufacturing, storage, shipping, and use. The film has the effect of being able to sufficiently prevent blocking between the sheets at times, etc., and while the film may be peeled off during use, it can also be used without any peeling. That is, the film 6 is easily melted by heating the surface with a torch during use. Therefore, the plastic film 6 may be any film, but preferably a film made of a material that does not reduce the adhesion of the asphalt on the sheet surface when heated during use, such as a polyolefin film, especially a polyethylene film. be. These films may have any thickness, but generally about 10 to 500 μm is suitable. The asphalt-based waterproof sheet of the present invention having the above structure is formed by laminating each of the layers as described above, preferably by heating and softening an asphalt compound sheet and pressing and laminating each layer. Asphalt can be suitably filled into the pores of the glass nonwoven fabric and its surface can be made substantially coplanar with the surface of the glass nonwoven fabric 3 without requiring any other operations. Asphalt surface 1' in hole
The surfaces of the glass nonwoven fabric 3 and the surface of the glass nonwoven fabric 3 do not need to be completely coplanar, and may have some degree of unevenness as long as the effects of the present invention described above are achieved. (Example) Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. (1) Asphalt compound sheet Asphalt compound sheet, basis weight
A material weighing 4.98 Kg/m ² and having a thickness of 5 mm was used. This sheet is made of atactic polypropylene modified asphalt compound, with a surface layer of 1.0 mm thick and 1.0 mm thick.
It consists of an asphalt-saturated polyester breadbond nonwoven fabric impregnated with asphalt with a thickness of 3.0 mm and a back layer 3.0 mm thick, and has the physical properties shown in Table 1 below.

[Table] (2) Asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric The glass nonwoven fabric shown in Table 2 below was immersed in a molten bath of atactic polypropylene-modified asphalt, and then squeezed with a mangle to obtain an asphalt-impregnated glass nonwoven fabric with a porosity of 45%. (Table 2). The amount of asphalt impregnated was 151.3 g/cm ² . Circular holes with a diameter of 15 mm were punched in this glass nonwoven fabric in a houndstooth pattern with a center-to-center distance of 30 mm. The area ratio of the holes is
It was 39.3%. (3) Lamination with asphalt compound sheet The back side of the 5 mm thick asphalt compound sheet from (1) above is heated to melt the asphalt layer, and the perforated glass nonwoven fabric from (2) above is placed on top of it, and then A polyethylene film with a thickness of 20 μm was placed on the top surface of the glass nonwoven fabric, and the film was laminated by pressing between pressing rolls. As a result, the perforated glass nonwoven fabric was buried in the asphalt compound sheet, and at the same time, the asphalt compound sheet rose up into the perforated portion to form the same plane as the glass nonwoven fabric layer. Due to the presence of the polyethylene film, there was no asphalt adhesion to the pressure roll surface, and the problem of blocking during winding after cooling was also resolved.

【table】

[Table] (4) Construction on concrete substrate When the back side (polyethylene film laminated side) of the waterproof sheet of the present invention obtained in (3) above is heated for 4 to 5 seconds with a propane gas burner at approximately 1000°C, polyethylene The asphalt layer exposed in the film and the perforated portions and the asphalt impregnated in the glass nonwoven fabric layer are melted, and the whole becomes wet and shiny. On the other hand, after applying a burner to the concrete surface, which is the waterproof base G, for 2 to 3 seconds to remove moisture from the surface, the asphalt-based waterproof sheet of the present invention is laminated, and a pressure roller is applied to make the base adhere tightly (Step 4). (see figure). This asphalt-based waterproof sheet solidified in 1 to 2 minutes, and strong adhesion was obtained. Adhesion strength is on average 5 at the hole (asphalt part)
Kg/15mm width, average 0.8Kg/15mm in glass non-woven fabric part
Yes, the shear peeling strength of this asphalt-based waterproof sheet is up to 2600Kg/m ² (non-woven fabric part) and the maximum
16600Kg/m ² (asphalt part), and the wind speed
It had a strength that far exceeded the local reduced pressure of 1350 Kg/m ² at 60 m/sec. This asphalt-based waterproof sheet showed excellent water collection performance, and by installing one deaerator every 50 m ² , there was no bulging of the sheet due to moisture. In addition, the adhesive strength of the glass nonwoven fabric part is 0.5 to 0.6.
Kg/cm width and light adhesion, even if a crack occurs in the waterproof base, the waterproof layer will not be ruptured together with the opening of the crack, and the crack will peel off at the location where the crack occurs, resulting in so-called zero span tension. There is no breakage due to (Effects of the invention) The asphalt-based waterproof sheet according to the present invention is produced by laminating an asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric on the surface of an asphalt compound sheet, filling the asphalt up to the upper surface of the holes, and depositing the asphalt on the same plane as the glass nonwoven fabric. Since it is made by forming a surface and laminating a plastic film on the top surface, it has the following effects. (1) Asphalt is added to the glass nonwoven fabric layer, and the porosity of the glass nonwoven fabric is preferably in the range of 20 to 80%.
Since the material is impregnated with a water content in the range of 30 to 50%, it has water collection performance and at the same time has a slight adhesion strength to the waterproof substrate, which prevents moisture from forming in the conventional torch method. There is no breakage of the waterproof sheet due to bulging of the sheet or cracking of the base. (2) The asphalt layer exposed in the perforated portions of the glass nonwoven fabric provides strong adhesion to the waterproof base, resulting in extremely excellent adhesion for the waterproof layer as a whole. (3) Since the above (1) and (2) are characteristics that are controlled by the selection of the glass nonwoven fabric, the amount of asphalt impregnated (porosity), and the pore area ratio, accidents due to construction errors will not occur. (4) Plastic film is not only effective in laminating perforated glass nonwoven fabric easily and reliably, but also prevents blocking during winding.
When adhering to a waterproof base, it melts into asphalt extremely easily by heating with a torch, further enhancing the asphalt modification effect. (5) In the conventional torch construction method, it was impossible to use a deaeration device, or the effective range was limited to a small area, but with the asphalt-based waterproof sheet of this invention, one piece per 50 m ² to 100 m ² By installing a deaeration device, swelling caused by moisture can be sufficiently prevented. (6) Asphalt 4, which was evenly impregnated in the glass nonwoven fabric, melts when heated with a torch and gathers under the glass nonwoven fabric layer to form an asphalt layer 4', which prevents adhesion to the waterproof base. (See Figure 6).

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view taken along the line -' in FIG. 2, showing the back side of the asphalt-based waterproof sheet of the present invention. Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the circular part of Figure 1;
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the adhesive bonded to a waterproof base using the torch method, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the circular part. 1...Asphalt compound sheet, 1'
...Asphalt in the hole, 2... Reinforcement layer, 3...
Glass nonwoven fabric, 4... Impregnated asphalt, 4'...
... Asphalt layer, 5... Perforated portion, 6... Plastic film, 10... Waterproof sheet of the present invention, G... Waterproof base.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] (1) An asphalt-impregnated perforated glass nonwoven fabric is laminated on an asphalt sheet, asphalt is filled into the pores to approximately the same level as the plane of the glass nonwoven fabric, and the top surface is covered with plastic. An asphalt-based waterproof sheet characterized by an additional layer of film. (2) The asphalt-based waterproof sheet according to claim (1), wherein the glass nonwoven fabric has a thickness in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 mm. (3) The impregnation rate of asphalt into the glass nonwoven fabric is
Claim No. 1 for Utility Model Registration: The impregnation rate is such that the porosity of the glass nonwoven fabric is in the range of 10% to 80%.
The asphalt-based waterproof sheet described in section. (4) The apparent specific gravity of the glass nonwoven fabric is approximately 0.50g/cc
An asphalt-based waterproof sheet as set forth in item (1) of the following utility model registration claims. (5) The asphalt-based waterproof sheet according to claim (1) of the utility model registration claim, wherein the pore diameter of the perforated portion of the glass nonwoven fabric is 30 mm or less. (6) The asphalt-based waterproof sheet according to claim (1) of the utility model registration claim, wherein the area ratio of the holes to the total area is in the range of 15 to 50%.