JPH04293435A - Three-dimensional nutriculture apparatus for plant and rearing vessel for culture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To three-dimensionally and efficiently subject a plant to nutriculture by three-dimensionally supporting the plant through a rearing vessel in a green house, etc., and successively feeding culture solution from above to the under side. CONSTITUTION:A culture solution is fed from a solution feeder 13t to a rearing vessel 5 attached to an arm 3 in utmost stage of main pole 1 and a rearing plant supported in the rearing vessel absorbs a nutritious substance from the culture solution. Then a culture solution discharged by overflowing from rearing vessels on the upper stage side is successively fed through solution introducing tools 16A, 16B and 16C to rearing vessels arranged on the lower stage side. Thereby sufficient culture solution is fed to all these rearing vessels.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention is mainly applicable to greenhouses and greenhouses.
The plants cultivated in the greenhouse are three-dimensionally supported through a growth container, and the inflow liquid is sequentially supplied to the growth container from the top to the bottom for three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation of plants. The present invention relates to a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device and a growing container for cultivation thereof.

0002

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION For example, most of the conventional methods for cultivating strawberries in greenhouses or plastic greenhouses involve soil cultivation, and strawberries are not cultivated in a three-dimensional manner. Furthermore, it is known that when strawberries are cultivated by hydroponics, the yield and quality are increased, and hydroponics is becoming popular. In the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation of strawberries that is currently practiced, strawberries are planted in two or more tiers of other channels installed above a long channel that supplies nutrient solution to the roots of the strawberries. In this case, the strawberries planted in the upper canal will receive sufficient light, but the strawberries planted in the lower canal will not receive sufficient light because the upper canal interferes with the strawberries. , resulting in insufficient lighting. For this reason, the quality and yield of strawberries planted in the lower canal are inferior to those in the upper canal, making it unprofitable for investment, so three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation is not so popular today. Furthermore, when potted plants are grown in a greenhouse, a shelf is provided at a predetermined height from the ground and the plants are grown on this shelf in order to prevent moisture damage to the potted plants. In this case as well, if the shelves are arranged in multiple tiers, the potted plants on the lower shelf will receive insufficient light, so three-dimensional cultivation of potted plants is rarely practiced.

For small crops and potted plants such as strawberries and soft vegetables, if the spacing between adjacent plants is narrow, the branches and leaves of the plants will come into contact with each other as they grow, making it impossible for them to extend freely, reducing the amount of light and making ventilation difficult. This causes the problem that not only the quality deteriorates but also the yield decreases, and to prevent this, the number of plants placed per unit area has been reduced. For this reason, in greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, etc., heating costs and lighting costs per plant increase, resulting in a problem of poor cultivation efficiency. In addition, planting, periodically removing old leaves, and harvesting must all be done in an unnatural half-hip posture, and each task in this posture is painful and tiring. Ta.

0004

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention effectively utilizes the upper space in greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, which has not been used at all in the past, to increase the number of cultivated plants, and in addition, provides lighting and ventilation. Our goal is to improve the quality and yield of plants by improving their quality, and to increase the yield per unit area by using hydroponic cultivation.

[0005]

[Means for Solving the Problem] A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device according to the present invention to solve this problem has a main pillar that is erected almost perpendicular to the ground surface, and a vertical direction to the main pillar. A plurality of arms are attached almost radially at predetermined intervals along the axis, a large number of growing containers for hydroponic cultivation are attached to each arm, and the growing containers above and below each other are connected to each other. This liquid supply device consists of a number of liquid inducers for sequentially supplying inflow liquid from the upper growth container to the lower growth container, and a liquid supply device for supplying the inflow liquid to the upper growth container. The inflow liquid supplied to the upper growing container and overflowing is sequentially supplied to the lower growing container via the liquid inducer to perform hydroponic cultivation of plants in each growing container. It is characterized by being configured as follows. In addition, the cultivation container used in the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device has a container body that has an arm attachment part for attaching to the arm attached to the main pillar of the cultivation device, and a container body that guides the inflow liquid. A liquid attracting device mounting part for attaching a liquid attracting device to the liquid attracting device, a liquid storage part for storing the inflow liquid induced through the liquid attracting device, and an inflow liquid stored in this liquid storage part. It is characterized by comprising an overflow hole for causing the inflow liquid to overflow from the liquid storage part and be discharged when the liquid exceeds a set water level.

[0006]

[Operation of the invention] Nutrient solution is supplied from the liquid supply device to the growing container attached to the uppermost arm of the main pillar, so the growing plants supported by the growing container receive nutrients from this nutrient solution. Absorb. Then, the nutrient solution overflowed and discharged from the upper growth container is sequentially supplied to the growth containers placed on the lower side through the liquid inducer, so that all of the growth containers are is supplied with sufficient nutrient solution. Furthermore, by erecting the cultivation apparatus according to the present invention at predetermined intervals on each ridge in a greenhouse or greenhouse, the upper space inside the greenhouse or greenhouse can be used effectively, and the cultivation equipment can be grown per unit area. As the number of cultivated plants increases, both lighting and ventilation become better, promoting plant growth and increasing yield.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, the present invention will be explained based on embodiments shown in the drawings. A large number of cultivation devices A shown in FIG. 1 are installed at predetermined intervals along each ridge in a greenhouse or plastic greenhouse (see FIG. 8). The main pillar 1 is a member of a predetermined length formed from a pipe, and is erected on a ridge in the house by inserting its lower, pointed insertion end 1a into the ridge. The lower end of the main pillar 1 is fixed to an anti-fall pipe 2 arranged along the ridges with a wire or the like. By covering and compacting the fall prevention pipe 2 with soil, the main pillar 1 is prevented from inclining or falling down. The arm 3 is a member of a predetermined length formed of a square pipe, and is attached almost radially to the main column 1 via the attachment fittings 4, with vertical intervals set according to the plants to be supported. In this embodiment, the uppermost arm is labeled 3, is located directly below arm 3, and is located directly below arm 3.
The symbol 3A is given to the arm in the direction perpendicular to the arm 3 to distinguish between two types of arms located at different positions along the circumferential direction. A plurality of other arms 3 parallel to the arm 3 are arranged, and another arm parallel to this arm 3A is arranged below the uppermost arm 3A.
A plurality of systems 3A are arranged. That is, all the arms 3 are parallel to each other, and all the arms 3A are also parallel to each other.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the growth container 5 has a grip portion 7 at the upper end of the container body 6 whose bottom surface is closed.
is provided. The gripping portion 7 includes a ring-shaped support step 7a having a predetermined width, and an edge 7b formed upward from the outer periphery of the support step 7a. A fixing part 8 is provided at the bottom of the container body 6, and an arm insertion groove 8a having the same width as the arm 3 is formed in the fixing part 8. An inlet tube mounting cylinder 9 is provided upright on the support step 7a of the gripping part 7. This inflow side tube mounting cylinder 9 is provided with a vertical groove 9a that communicates with the inside from the upper end to the lower end, and the upper part is formed into a tapered shape to facilitate insertion of the tube. ing. An outflow tube attachment tube 10 is provided on the inner surface of the container body 6 at a position different from the inflow tube attachment tube 9, and protrudes from the container body 6 to the outside, and its lower end is connected to the fixing portion 8. It is located on the side of A vertical groove 10a is formed at the upper end of the outflow tube mounting cylinder 10. As shown in FIG. The container body 6 includes a liquid storage section 1.
2 is provided, and when the nutrient solution W exceeding the position of the lower end of the vertical groove 10a is supplied to this liquid storage part 12, this nutrient solution W is
It overflows and is discharged from the outflow side tube mounting cylinder 10. In this way, the outflow side tube mounting cylinder 10
The vertical groove 10a formed in the vertical groove 10a has the function of setting the water level of the liquid storage section 12 and the function of preventing clogging with dirt. In addition, in the liquid storage part 12 of the container body 6,
A thin plate-shaped partition wall 11 is provided in a cross shape and functions as a potted plant placement section for placing potted plants.

[0009] As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the growth container 5 having the above structure is configured such that the arm 3 (3A) is fitted into the arm insertion groove 8a of the fixing portion 8. Mu 3 (3
A). In this way, the growth containers 5 are attached to both ends of all the arms 3, 3A of the main column 1, respectively. Reference numeral 13 denotes a liquid supply pipe for conveying a nutrient solution for plants, and as shown in FIG. 1, it is attached to the upper end of each main column 1 via a fitting 15. The main column 1 is attached to the liquid supply pipe 13.
There are liquid supply tube holes 14 on both sides near where it is installed.
are provided, and the upper ends of a pair of upper liquid dielectric tubes 16A are inserted into each liquid supply tube hole 14, respectively. The lower ends of each of the upper liquid dielectric tubes 16A are fitted into the upper portions of the inlet tube mounting tubes 9 of the two growth containers 5 attached to the uppermost arm 3 of the main column 1. ing. At the lower end of the outflow side tube mounting cylinder 10 of the growth container 5,
The upper end of the intermediate liquid dielectric tube 16B is fitted,
The lower end of this liquid dielectric tube 16B is connected to the second stage arm 3A.
It is fitted into the upper part of the inflow side tube attachment tube 9 of the growth container 5 attached to the tube. In this way, all
The upper and lower growth containers 5 attached to the tubes 3 and 3A are connected to each other via an intermediate liquid dielectric tube 16B. 2 attached to the lowest arm 3A of each main pillar 1.
The upper end of the lower liquid inducer tube 16C is fitted into the outflow side tube mounting cylinder 10 of the growth container 5, and its lower end is connected to the liquid supply pipe 13 along the ridge at the lower end of the main column 1. A tube provided on the upper surface of the drain liquid recirculation pipe 17 arranged in parallel.
It is inserted into the insertion hole 18.

The plant support plate 19 shown in FIG. 3 is made of styrofoam or the like and has a disk shape, and an insertion hole 20 for inserting the hydroponic plants B is provided in the center thereof. It is being This plant support plate 19 has a plurality of planting holes 21 drilled outside the insertion holes 20, and a pair of arc-shaped notches 22 are provided in the vertical direction at opposing locations on the outer circumferential surface of the planting holes 21. There is. The hydroponic plant B supported by the plant support plate 19 is, for example, a strawberry seedling, and is inserted into the insertion hole 20 with its root part accommodated in a thin-walled urethane container 23. In this case, the tip of the root of the hydroponic plant B protrudes downward from the lower surface of the plant support plate 19. FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section of the plant support plate 19 attached to the growth container 5. In this figure, the plant support plate 19 is supported at its outer peripheral lower surface by the support step 7a of the grip part 7 of the growth container 5. Then, the water level of the nutrient solution W flowing in from the inflow side tube mounting tube 9 and stored in the liquid storage section 12 is lowered to
When the nutrient solution W attempts to rise above the lower end of the vertical groove 10a formed in the tube mounting tube 10, it overflows and is discharged from the vertical groove 10a of the outflow tube attachment tube 10. ,
The liquid is supplied to the lower growth container 5 via the intermediate liquid dielectric tube 16B.

In order to supply the nutrient solution W to the hydroponic plants B in the growing container 5, as shown in FIG. This is done by supplying the The nutrient solution W supplied to the solution supply pipe 13 is supplied to the uppermost growth container 5 through the upper diluted tube 16A, and is stored in the solution storage section 12 to grow the roots of the hydroponic plants B. Wet it and supply it with nutrients. When the water level of the nutrient solution W stored in the solution storage part 12 of the growth container 5 attempts to rise above the set water level, the excess nutrient solution W overflows and flows into the outflow side tube mounting tube 10. The liquid is discharged from the vertical groove 10a and supplied to the lower growth container 5 via the intermediate liquid induction tube 16B. In this way, a certain amount of nutrient solution W is always stored in all the growth containers 5, and hydroponic cultivation is performed. In addition,
Nutrients for hydroponic cultivation may be placed in the growth container 5 in advance, and water may be supplied thereto. Moreover, the above-mentioned liquid attraction tube is an example of a liquid attraction tool, and when the lower growth container is located directly below the upper growth container, a rod-shaped liquid attraction tool can be used.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a state in which a large number of cultivation devices A are set up at predetermined intervals on each ridge in a plastic house H, and the upper space in the plastic house H is effectively used. It has been shown that there is sufficient light for all hydroponic plants. In addition, in FIG. 8, the two-dot chain line indicates a light ray, indicating that plants at the lowest level of adjacent ridges are also sufficiently illuminated.

[0013] The above example is an example of hydroponic cultivation using the three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device according to the present invention, but it is also possible to perform bottom water cultivation of potted plants using this device. . That is, as shown in FIG. 6, the pot 25 in which the plant B' is planted is placed on the partition wall 11 of the growth container 5. In this example, the upper part of the safety rod 28 inserted into the partition wall 11 is connected to the pot 25.
The drain hole 26 of the pot 25 is inserted into the soil 27 to prevent the pot 25 from falling over, and the drain hole 26 of the pot 25 is inserted into the soil 27 to prevent the pot 25 from falling over.
The water supply cloth 24 that has entered into the soil 27 through the water supply cloth 24 is immersed in the nutrient solution W in the liquid storage section 12, and the nutrient solution W is supplied to the soil 27 in the pot 25 through this water supply cloth 24. Plant B' is cultivated with bottom water supply.

Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the nutrient solution W is refluxed and reused, but the nutrient solution discharged from the bottom growth container may be disposed of as is. Furthermore, although the cultivation device according to the present invention is mainly used in greenhouses and plastic greenhouses, it can also be used for outdoor cultivation, hobby gardening or appreciation at home, and even for display at gardening stores. It is.

[0015]

Effects of the Invention The effects of the present invention can be summarized as follows. (1) The upper space that was previously not used in greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, etc. can be used effectively for hydroponic cultivation of plants, and bottom water supply cultivation of potted plants, allowing for cultivation within a unit area. The number of cultivated plants can be significantly increased. (2) Attach multiple arms almost radially to the main pillar at predetermined intervals along the vertical direction, attach a growing container to each arm, and use this growing container to cultivate plants hydroponically. Because plants are grown in pots with water supplied to the bottom, the branches and leaves of adjacent plants rarely come into contact with each other. Therefore, the cultivation conditions such as lighting and ventilation for small plants from the top to the bottom of the device can be made almost uniform, and the growth of small plants can be accelerated and the number of days required for harvesting can be shortened. , it is possible to increase yield and improve quality. (3) Because it is a three-dimensional cultivation device, various tasks such as planting, removing old leaves, and harvesting can be performed in a higher posture than in conventional soil cultivation, which was previously done in a half-hunched position. Pain and fatigue during work can be reduced. (4) The growth container according to the present invention can be used for both hydroponic cultivation and bottom water cultivation, and has extremely high utility value.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cultivation apparatus A used in the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially cutaway perspective view of the growth container 5 according to the present invention.

3 is a perspective view of a plant support plate 19 placed on the growth container 5. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing a state in which a plant support plate 19 is supported in the growth container 5.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.

[Figure 6] Pot 2 with plant B' planted in partition wall 11 of growth container 5
5 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which bottom water supply cultivation is performed by placing the plant.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of a safety rod 28 used when placing a pot 25 on the growth container 5. FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view showing a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention installed in a vinyl house H.

[Explanation of symbols]

A: Cultivation device B, B': Plant H: Vinyl house P: Pump (liquid supply device) T: Nutrient solution tank W: Nutrient solution 1: Main pillar 3: Arm 5: Growth container 6: Container body 8a : Arm insertion groove (arm attachment part) 9: Inflow side tube attachment tube (liquid induction device attachment part) 10a: Outlet side tube attachment tube vertical groove (overflow hole part) ) 12: Liquid storage section 13: Liquid supply pipe (liquid supply device) 16A: Upper liquid dilution tube (liquid induction device) 16B: Intermediate liquid dilution tube (liquid induction device) 16C: Lower liquid dilution tube (Liquid attracting tool) 25: Pot

Claims (2)

[Claims] [Claim 1] A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device mainly used in greenhouses, plastic greenhouses, etc., which includes a main pillar erected almost perpendicular to the ground surface, and a vertical hydroponic system attached to the main pillar. A plurality of arms are attached almost radially along the line at predetermined intervals, a large number of growing containers for hydroponic cultivation are attached to each arm, and the growing containers above and below each other are connected to each other. It consists of multiple liquid inducers for sequentially supplying inflow liquid from the upper growth container to the lower growth container, and a liquid supply device for supplying the inflow liquid to the upper growth container. The liquid is supplied to the upper growth container and overflows.
A three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation apparatus for plants, characterized in that the inflow liquid is sequentially supplied to the lower growth containers through the liquid inducer to perform hydroponic cultivation of plants in each of the growth containers. Claim 2: A container body having an arm attachment part for attaching to an arm attached to the main pillar of a three-dimensional hydroponic cultivation device, and a container body for attaching a liquid inducer for guiding inflow liquid. A liquid diversion device attachment part, a liquid storage part for storing the inflow liquid induced through the liquid diversion device, and a liquid storage part for storing the inflow liquid induced through the liquid diversion device, and a liquid storage part for storing the inflow liquid when the inflow liquid stored in this liquid storage part exceeds the set water level. 1. A growing container for cultivating plants, comprising an overflow hole for overflowing and discharging liquid from a liquid storage part.