JPH0426400B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a shield and semi-shield shaft excavator used when excavating a shaft.

(Prior art and its problems) Conventionally, shielded and semi-shielded excavators have used screw conveyors or fluid wheel conveyors to transport excavated earth and gravel, but depending on the ground, the There may be cases where gravel is present and cannot be taken into the machine, in which case the worker 33 enters the face side through the manhole 32 etc. provided in the bulkhead 30 of the shield tube 31 and uses a rock drill 34 etc. to remove the gravel A. After crushing, take it into the machine (see Figure 8).

Further, as shown in FIG. 9, a gate 36 for taking out gravel is provided near the earth and sand intake hole 35, and large gravel A is taken into the machine from there.

Furthermore, in the rotary type mechanical excavation shield and semi-shield machines as shown in FIG. When the gravel passes through the gravel, the eccentric rotational force of the cutter head 39 is used to sandwich and crush the gravel.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, a ribbon-shaped screw 40 is used as the screw conveyor.

Several methods have been devised and implemented.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in order to ensure the safety of the workers 33, the face must be stabilized, and this work is necessary, and even if it is stabilized, there is a danger, and There is a problem that workability is poor.

In addition, there is a limit to the size of the gravel A that can be taken out depending on the size of the excavator.

Another problem was that excavation had to be temporarily interrupted in order to remove the gravel, resulting in poor work efficiency.

An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned difficulties, and to improve workability by allowing easy and continuous removal of gravel of a size that cannot be removed by screw conveyor or fluid transport, etc. from the ground to be excavated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a shielded and semi-shielded horizontal shaft excavator which is good and has a relatively simple structure.

(Means for Solving the Problems) That is, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shield tube 1 having a trenching chamber 3 formed in the front thereof.
A cutter head 6 is provided at the front of the digging chamber 3 of the shield cylinder 1 and is movable back and forth while rotating, and a cutting blade is provided on the front surface. A device for rotating and sliding the cutter head 6. The cutting blades 6c and 4 are also provided on the rear surface of the cutter head 6 and the hood 1a portion of the shield tube 1, and the device for rotating and sliding the cutter head is a rotatable device having the cutter head 6 at the tip. It has a rotor 7a attached to a center shaft 7, and a plurality of steel balls 7b, 7c or tapered rollers are provided on the front and rear surfaces of the rotor 7a, and are spaced apart and opposed to each other on the front and rear surfaces, respectively.
A front catch seat 16 and a rear catch seat 17 are provided, which form an uneven surface in which concave portions a and convex portions b are alternately formed, and whose uneven relationship is shifted from front to back, and which come into contact with the steel balls 7a, 7c or the tapered roller. The main point is that the structure is

(Function) The present invention is suitable for use when excavating a horizontal shaft in the ground that contains gravel of a size that is difficult to remove using a screw conveyor or fluid transport. move it,
The excavation blade at the front of the cutter head excavates the face and primary crushes the gravel, etc., and the gravel taken into the excavation chamber is placed in the crushing blade at the rear of the cutter head and the hood part of the shield tube facing it. By crushing the material by sandwiching it between the crushing blades and performing secondary crushing, the material is finely divided and discharged easily, thereby improving workability.

(Embodiments) Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIGS. 1A and 1B to FIG. 5 show a first embodiment of the present invention. 1A is a front view of the device of the present invention, and FIG. The front part is an excavation chamber 3, and a part of the inner periphery of the hood 1a at the front end has a conical shape, and a hood crushing blade 4 is provided in that part.

Reference numeral 5 denotes a rotary cutter provided substantially concentrically in front of the shield tube 1. For example, a cross is provided on the front surface of a disc portion 6a in the shape of a face plate provided in front of the cutter head 6 of the rotary cutter 5. A rib 6b having a substantially chevron-shaped cross section is provided protruding from the front surface of the shape, and a carbide cutting blade 6 is mounted on the top of the rib 6b.
c is provided. Furthermore, a notch-shaped earth and sand intake hole 6d communicating with the excavation chamber 3 is formed at a suitable location on the outer periphery of the cutter head 6. In this case, the front opening of the earth and sand intake hole 6d is formed at a position on the side of the outer circumference of the rib 6b, but this is not necessarily limited to the illustrated example. Furthermore, a cutter crushing blade 6e is provided on the conical back surface of the cutter head 6 which, together with the hood 1a of the shield cylinder 1 and the partition wall 2, defines the excavation chamber 3.

A center shaft 7 extending rearward is integrally provided at the rear of the cutter head 6. The center shaft 7 passes through the partition wall 2 and is rotatably supported via a cutter seal 8 and a cylindrical bearing 9. Also, at the rear thereof, there is a rotation-sliding conversion device that rotates the rotary cutter 5 and moves it back and forth. 10 are provided.

That is, a slidable spline 11 is attached to the rear end of the center shaft 7, and this spline 11 meshes with a large gear 12 provided on the outer peripheral side of the spline 11, and this large gear 12 is connected to a driving gear fixed to a frame 13. It meshes with a pinion 15 attached to the output shaft of the motor 14, and the rotational force of the drive motor 14 is transmitted.

Further, a substantially disk-shaped rotor 7a having a desired wall thickness is integrally provided at the rear of the center shaft 7, and a plurality of steel balls 7b and 7c are provided at the center of each of the front and rear surfaces of the rotor 7a. They are approximately concentric with the shaft 7 and are provided at equal intervals.

A front catch 16 and a rear catch 17 are provided at the front and rear of the rotor 7a, spaced from each other and facing each other, for sliding the rotor 7a and thus the center shaft 7 back and forth.

That is, as shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of steel balls 7b and 7c are partially embedded in the rotor 7a. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, each of the seats 16 and 17 has concave portions a and convex portions b alternately formed in the radial direction, giving a smooth uneven shape. and,
In this case, as shown in Figure 1B and Figure 4,
The relationship between the unevenness between the front catch seat 16 and the rear catch seat 17 is shifted, that is, the concave part a of the front catch seat 16 is located with the convex part b of the rear catch seat 17 opposing thereto. Therefore, when the steel ball 7c on the rear face of the rotor 7a is pressed against the convex part b of the rear catch seat 17, the steel ball 7b on the front face is stored in the recess part a of the front catch seat 16,
When the rotor 7a rotates and the front steel ball 7b rides on the convex part b of the front catch seat 16 and is pushed backward, the rear steel ball 7c is stored in the concave part a of the rear catch seat 17. The rotor 7a is configured to move back and forth between the front catch seat 16 and the rear catch seat 17 as the rotor 7a rotates.

For this reason, the center shaft 7, which is connected to the drive motor 14 through the slidable spline 11 and supported through the bearing 9, slides back and forth during rotation, so that the rotary cutter 5 rotates and is forced to It moves back and forth.

The height, pitch, etc. of the uneven surface are appropriately determined according to the soil quality, such as the number of blows per revolution and the sliding stroke. In this case, it is preferable to provide a spherical groove 7d along this uneven surface for the purpose of dispersing the concentrated force acting on the steel ball and preventing the steel ball from slipping off. Further, although the uneven surface is formed at a substantially right angle to the center shaft 7, the uneven surface may be formed at an appropriate angle to the center shaft 7. Furthermore, tapered rollers may be used instead of the steel balls 7b and 7c. In this case as well, it is preferable to provide substantially spherical grooves along the uneven surface for the purpose of dispersing the concentrated force and preventing the roller from slipping off. Conversely, steel balls 7b, 7c or tapered rollers may be installed on the fixed side front and rear seats 16, 17 to form an uneven surface on the rotor 7a side.

Further, it is also possible to provide the center shaft 7 with a protruding portion to follow the uneven surface and use it as a substitute for the steel balls 7b and 7c.

Returning to FIG. 1 again, 18 in the figure is a device provided in the center in the axial direction within the center shaft 7 to inject bentonite solution, muddy soil materials such as CMC, water or muddy water, and even high-pressure air to the outside. The injection hole 18a is provided at the root of each cross-shaped rib 6b, but as shown by the imaginary line, it is installed at the side of the cutter crushing blade 6e on the excavation chamber 3 side, for example. An injection hole 18a may be provided facing the hood crushing blade 4. Additionally, a swivel joint 19 is provided at the rear end of the injection pipe 18.
An injection pipe 20 is connected through the inlet.

However, if the soil is a silt or gravel layer, it is preferable to inject the soil material through the injection pipe 18.
In addition, especially in the case of highly sticky soil, excavated debris tends to adhere to the vicinity of the excavation blade, so at this time, high-pressure air or high-pressure jet water, etc., is injected through the injection pipe 18 and its injection hole 18a to make it adhere. However, the injection pipe 18 and the like are not always necessary, and may not be provided depending on the soil quality, such as a non-adhesive gravel layer.

Further, 21 is a water supply pipe extending from the inside of the mine and provided on the upper side of the excavation chamber 3, and 22 is a discharge pipe provided on the lower side of the excavation chamber 3 and extending to the inside of the mine, which is appropriately connected to a pump (not shown). There is.

Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 5 in addition to the above-mentioned figures.

Now, when the drive motor 14 is rotated, the cutting face is excavated by the carbide cutting blade 6c on the front surface of the rotating cutter head 6 via the pinion 15, the large gear 12, the slidable spline 11, etc. At this time, part of the rotational force of the center shaft 7 is converted into sliding motion by the coaxial rotary/sliding conversion device 10, and the cutter head 6 repeats the rotational motion and forced sliding in the front and back direction. This forced sliding movement produces a striking effect by the cutter head 6, and the gravel A existing on the face is crushed (primary crushing) by the synergistic effect of the rotational force of the cutter head and the striking force on the face, and depending on the soil quality, the gravel A is crushed into the ground. It can also have the effect of pushing it away into the mountains.
On the other hand, the earth, sand and gravel excavated and crushed by the carbide excavation blade 6c pass through the earth and sand intake port 6d, and the cutter crushing blade 6
In the gap between the hood crushing blade 4 and the hood crushing blade 4, the hood is pinched during the sliding return, rotates at the same time, is further crushed, and is taken into the excavation chamber 3. In the case of this embodiment, water or muddy water is constantly supplied from the water supply pipe 21 to constantly apply water pressure or muddy water pressure to the face to stabilize the face, while excavated and crushed gravel is discharged together with the supply water through the drain pipe 22. At least excavation will be carried out.

6A and 6B show a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment in that the cutter head 6 is located above the shield tube 1 and is eccentric. Therefore, the intake opening for the excavated soil into the excavation chamber 3 is narrowed at the top and widened at the bottom. Note that it is also possible to configure the cutter head 6 to be eccentric in the opposite direction, or to be eccentric to the right or left.

7A and 7B show a third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cutter head 6 is made concentrically and the same diameter as the shield tube 1, and the crushing portion at the rear of the cutter head 6 is eccentrically upwardly arranged. In addition, it is also possible to make it eccentric downward, to the left, or to the right. When this cutter head is driven, it rotates eccentrically and forcibly slides back and forth, providing powerful gravel crushing ability. Due to the eccentric rotation and forced back-and-forth movement of the cutter head 6, the gravel on the face is firstly crushed, passes through the earth and sand intake hole 6d, and is secondarily crushed by the cutter crushing blade 6e and the hood crushing blade 4 provided at the rear of the cutter head 6.

Here, the maximum dimension of the earth and sand intake hole 6d is set between the cutter crushing blade 6e and the hood crushing blade 4 in order to prevent unnecessarily large gravel from entering the excavation chamber 3 behind the cutter head. It is preferable that the maximum clearance be smaller than the maximum clearance of . Further, in the figure, the cutter head 6 itself has one earth and sand intake hole 6d, but depending on the case, the earth and sand intake hole 6d may be installed in multiple places.

Further, the relative positional relationship between the cutter crushing blade 6e and the hood crushing blade 4 is parallel in this embodiment, but in some cases, the clearance may be large on the hood tip side and the clearance gradually increased toward the excavation chamber 3. There are times when the clearance is made small, and vice versa, where the clearance is made small at the hood tip side and gradually increases toward the excavation chamber 3.

In addition, the mechanism that generates the rotational force and the impact force is not limited to the one shown in this figure, but any mechanism that can generate approximately the same impact force in the front-rear direction and provide the rotational force may be used. .

This excavator is applicable to shield and semi-shield, and the propulsion device is the same as before, so it is not particularly illustrated.

The other configurations, functions, etc. are substantially the same as those in the first embodiment, so their explanations will be omitted. It goes without saying that the discharge of crushed gravel is not limited to the first embodiment.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the rotational force of the rotary cutter is used to generate forced back-and-forth movement of the cutter head using a rotary and sliding conversion device using steel balls or tapered rollers, etc., thereby striking the face. and drilling,
Since holes are drilled, the mechanism is simple and there are fewer failures.

In addition, large gravel is completely crushed by the two crushing effects of primary crushing and secondary crushing, so the earth and sand can be carried out continuously, resulting in good workability without any time loss.

Furthermore, by simplifying the structure, the space occupied by the drive section within the excavator body is reduced, which is particularly advantageous for small-diameter semi-shield excavators.

There are other effects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 5 show a first embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1A is a front view of the device of the present invention, B is a schematic side sectional view showing the internal structure of the same as above, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotor used in the present invention, and FIG. 3A is the assembly with the rotor. A front explanatory view of the matching catch seats, B and C are side views showing the relationship between the unevenness of the same catch seats as above, B is a side view taken in the direction of arrow A in figure A, and C is a side view taken in the direction of arrow B in figure A. Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of the rotation-sliding conversion device, Fig. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the present invention, Fig. 6 A and B are a second embodiment of the present invention, A is a front view, and B is a partial side. The sectional views in FIGS. 7A and 7B are the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 8 to 1
1 each shows a conventional example. 1... Shield tube, 2... Bulkhead, 3... Excavation chamber, 4... Hood crushing blade, 5... Rotary cutter, 6... Cutter head, 6b... Rib, 6c
... Carbide drilling blade, 7 ... Center shaft, 7a
... Rotor, 7b, 7c ... Steel ball, 10 ... Rotation and sliding conversion device, 11 ... Slidable spline, 1
4... Drive motor, 16... Front catch, 17... Rear catch.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Shield tube 1 with excavation chamber 3 formed in the front
A cutter head 6 is provided at the front of the digging chamber 3 of the shield cylinder 1 and is movable back and forth while rotating, and a cutting blade is provided on the front surface. A device for rotating and sliding the cutter head 6. , crushing blades 6e and 4 are also provided on the rear surface of the cutter head 6 and the hood 1a portion of the shield tube 1, and the device for rotating and sliding the cutter head is a rotatable device with the cutter head 6 provided at the tip. It has a rotor 7a attached to a center shaft 7, and a plurality of steel balls 7b, 7c or tapered rollers are provided on the front and rear surfaces of the rotor 7a, and are spaced apart and opposed to each other on the front and rear surfaces, respectively.
A front catch seat 16 and a rear catch seat 17 are provided, which form an uneven surface in which concave portions a and convex portions b are alternately formed, and the uneven relationship is deviated in the front and back, and which come into contact with the steel balls 7a, 7c or the tapered roller. Or, conversely, the steel balls 7a, 7 are placed on the front catch 16 and rear catch 17 sides.
c or a tapered roller is provided, and the rotor 7a
A horizontal shaft excavator characterized by having uneven surfaces provided on the front and rear sides.