JPH04255520A - Hydrocarbon gas component adsorption system in internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon gas component adsorption system in internal combustion engineInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04255520A JPH04255520A JP3036643A JP3664391A JPH04255520A JP H04255520 A JPH04255520 A JP H04255520A JP 3036643 A JP3036643 A JP 3036643A JP 3664391 A JP3664391 A JP 3664391A JP H04255520 A JPH04255520 A JP H04255520A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- adsorbent
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- gas component
- space
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 38
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 13
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/18—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an adsorber or absorber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
Landscapes
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】0001
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、自動車等の内燃機関
の始動時に排出される、炭化水素(HC)系ガス成分の
吸着システムに関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an adsorption system for hydrocarbon (HC) gas components discharged when starting an internal combustion engine of an automobile or the like.
【0002】0002
【従来の技術】従来のHC系ガス成分吸着システムとし
ては、吸着材を排気管に設置したものが知られている。
排気管中に吸着材をそのまま設置すれば、HC系ガス成
分を吸着させるという機能は確保できた。2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional HC gas component adsorption system, one in which an adsorbent is installed in an exhaust pipe is known. If the adsorbent was placed in the exhaust pipe as it was, the function of adsorbing HC gas components could be ensured.
【0003】0003
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、このよ
うなシステムにあっては次のような問題点があった。
(イ) 排気管中に常時設置されているため圧損が生じ
、内燃機関の効率低下(出力、燃費等)につながる。
(ロ) HC系ガス成分吸着材は高温の排気ガスにさら
されるため、吸着能力低下が懸念される。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, such a system has the following problems. (b) Since it is constantly installed in the exhaust pipe, pressure loss occurs, leading to a decrease in efficiency (output, fuel efficiency, etc.) of the internal combustion engine. (b) Since the HC-based gas component adsorbent is exposed to high-temperature exhaust gas, there is a concern that the adsorption capacity will decrease.
【0004】0004
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明は、上記問題点
に着目して種々研究の結果達成されたもので、内燃機関
から排出されるHC系ガス成分を吸着する吸着材で、そ
の一部分に圧損を低下させる空間部分を備えた吸着材を
排気管中に設置し、かつ内燃機関の運転状態を基に該吸
着材を回転させる機構を設けた内燃機関におけるHC系
ガス成分吸着システムに関するものである。[Means for Solving the Problems] This invention has been achieved as a result of various studies focusing on the above-mentioned problems. This relates to an HC gas component adsorption system for an internal combustion engine, in which an adsorbent having a space for reducing pressure loss is installed in an exhaust pipe, and a mechanism is provided to rotate the adsorbent based on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine. be.
【0005】この発明のHC系ガス成分吸着材システム
においては、内燃機関の始動初期吸着材を介してHC系
ガス成分を吸着し、触媒の温度が上昇し活性化した時点
で吸着材を回転させ排気ガスにさらして吸着していたH
C系ガス成分を脱離させ、次の吸着材の機能を作用させ
ない運転領域において排気ガスを空間部分を通過させる
。In the HC-based gas component adsorbent system of the present invention, HC-based gas components are adsorbed through the adsorbent at the initial stage of starting an internal combustion engine, and when the temperature of the catalyst rises and becomes activated, the adsorbent is rotated. H that was exposed to exhaust gas and adsorbed
The exhaust gas is passed through the space in an operating region in which the C-based gas component is desorbed and the function of the next adsorbent is not performed.
【0006】[0006]
【実施例】以下、この発明を図面を用いて実施例により
説明する。図1及び図2は、この発明の一実施例を示す
図である。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【0007】一般に自動車等の内燃機関では、内燃機関
の回転数と吸入空気量、冷却水温等をベースにした燃料
噴射量に、排気ガス中の酸素濃度(理論混合比より燃料
がリッチかリーンか)の状態を加味して、電子制御装置
2により燃料噴射量を演算、制御している。排気ガス中
の酸素濃度は、排気管に設置したジルコニア等の固体電
解質を用いた酸素センサ7の起電力変化により、検出し
ている。このようにして、理論上燃料が完全に燃焼する
理論混合比近傍に空燃比を保持している。In general, in internal combustion engines such as automobiles, the amount of fuel injection is based on the internal combustion engine's rotational speed, intake air amount, cooling water temperature, etc., and the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas (whether the fuel is richer or leaner than the stoichiometric mixture ratio). ) The electronic control unit 2 calculates and controls the fuel injection amount, taking into account the following conditions. The oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is detected by the change in electromotive force of an oxygen sensor 7 installed in the exhaust pipe and using a solid electrolyte such as zirconia. In this way, the air-fuel ratio is maintained near the stoichiometric mixture ratio at which the fuel theoretically burns completely.
【0008】理論空燃比近傍では、排ガス浄化用3元触
媒5−PtやRh等の貴金属をアルミナ等の担体上に担
持したもの−の窒素酸化物(NO)、一酸化炭素(CO
)、炭化水素(HC)に対する転化率が高く、それらを
効率良く浄化できる。[0008] Near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the three-way exhaust gas purifying catalyst 5 - which has precious metals such as Pt and Rh supported on a carrier such as alumina - produces nitrogen oxides (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO).
), it has a high conversion rate for hydrocarbons (HC) and can purify them efficiently.
【0009】しかしながら、始動初期では、触媒の温度
が低いために、触媒は活性化しておらず、NO、CO、
HC等に対して排気浄化能力を十分に発揮できない。ま
た、始動初期に排出されるHC系ガス成分の量もかなり
多い。However, at the initial stage of startup, the catalyst is not activated because the temperature of the catalyst is low, and NO, CO,
The exhaust gas purification ability cannot be fully demonstrated against HC, etc. Furthermore, the amount of HC-based gas components discharged at the initial stage of startup is also quite large.
【0010】従って、図1に示す様に、始動初期に、内
燃機関1から排出された排気ガス中のHC系ガス成分を
、保持容器4内の吸着材を吸着材の回転機構3により回
転させながら容器4内の吸着材に一時的に吸着、保持し
、触媒の後流における排気温度を排気温度センサ6によ
り検知し、該触媒が機能する温度領域に達し、触媒が活
性化した時点で再度回転させて、排気ガスにさらし、吸
着していたHC系ガス成分を脱離させ、後流の触媒5で
浄化させるものである。Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, at the initial stage of startup, the HC gas components in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 1 are removed by rotating the adsorbent in the holding container 4 by the adsorbent rotation mechanism 3. The temperature of the exhaust gas downstream of the catalyst is detected by the exhaust temperature sensor 6, and when the temperature range in which the catalyst functions is reached and the catalyst is activated, it is temporarily adsorbed and retained by the adsorbent in the container 4. It is rotated and exposed to exhaust gas, and the adsorbed HC gas components are desorbed and purified by the downstream catalyst 5.
【0011】図2(a)および(b)に示した吸着材8
としては、Pdや、Pt、Rh等の貴金属成分をアルミ
ナ等の担体上に担持し、ハニカム担体上に均一に塗布し
たものや、ゼオライトのような材料を塗布してもよい。
図示する吸着材はその一部分に圧損を低下させる空間部
分10として断面円形の貫通空間部分および中心部に回
転軸様の貫通孔9を有する。The adsorbent 8 shown in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b)
For example, noble metal components such as Pd, Pt, and Rh may be supported on a carrier such as alumina and coated uniformly on a honeycomb carrier, or a material such as zeolite may be coated. The illustrated adsorbent has a through-space part with a circular cross section as a space part 10 for reducing pressure loss in a part thereof, and a through-hole 9 shaped like a rotating shaft in the center part.
【0012】上記吸着材の中心部に設けた、回転軸用の
貫通孔9には耐熱性、耐腐食性に優れたステンレス鋼等
を用いる。保持容器4の両端には、回転を円滑にするた
め、例えばベアリングを設置しておく。吸着材の回転機
構3は、電動モータと回転軸を回転させる、歯車等の伝
達部分からなる。The through hole 9 for the rotating shaft provided in the center of the adsorbent is made of stainless steel or the like having excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance. For example, bearings are installed at both ends of the holding container 4 to ensure smooth rotation. The adsorbent rotation mechanism 3 consists of an electric motor and a transmission part such as a gear that rotates a rotating shaft.
【0013】[0013]
【作用】次に作用を説明する。吸着材に設けた空間部分
の位置を基に、作用を説明する。[Operation] Next, the operation will be explained. The action will be explained based on the position of the space provided in the adsorbent.
【0014】本システムの作動が終了した時には、空間
部分10の位置は図3の実線で示す空間部分の位置にあ
る。この位置を原点(0°)とする。この位置で排気ガ
スは吸着材の空間部分を通過している。At the end of the operation of the system, the position of the space 10 is as shown by the solid line in FIG. This position is defined as the origin (0°). At this position, the exhaust gas is passing through the voids of the adsorbent.
【0015】a)内燃機関を始動させる状態にあるか否
かを、始動キイの挿入部分に設置した、キイの挿入検知
部からの信号と、内燃機関の冷却水温から電子制御装置
2で判断する。なお、図4に吸着材の回転を制御するフ
ローチャートを示す。内燃機関が冷えた状態(例えば冷
却水温50℃以下、ローチャートではT℃とする)であ
り、機関停止直後の再始動ではない(NO)と判断した
場合は、即座に、図3の破線で示す位置まで吸着材を回
転させる。吸着材の断面を最大限に排気ガスに接するた
めに、図3に示す様に
吸着材の半径:R
空間部分の半径:r
始動時の空間部分の位置:δ
とすると、
δ=2θ
sin θ=r/(R−r)
から求められるδの角度分だけ回転させる。a) Whether or not the internal combustion engine is ready to be started is determined by the electronic control unit 2 based on a signal from a key insertion detection section installed in the insertion part of the starting key and the cooling water temperature of the internal combustion engine. . Note that FIG. 4 shows a flowchart for controlling the rotation of the adsorbent. If the internal combustion engine is in a cold state (for example, the cooling water temperature is below 50 degrees Celsius, which is T degrees Celsius in the low chart) and it is determined that the restart is not immediately after the engine has stopped (NO), immediately turn the engine on the broken line in Figure 3. Rotate the adsorbent to the position shown. In order to maximize the cross-section of the adsorbent in contact with the exhaust gas, as shown in Figure 3, the radius of the adsorbent: R, the radius of the space: r, the position of the space at startup: δ, then δ=2θ sin θ Rotate by the angle δ determined from =r/(R-r).
【0016】b)始動を検知すると同時にHC系ガス成
分吸着材8を回転させ、HC成分を最も多く排出する、
始動初期時間の間に図3の実線で示す空間部分(原点)
の位置まで回転させる。内燃機関の仕様、特性によりH
Cをより多く排出する時間は異なるので、その特性に合
わせた時間をあらかじめ測定しておき、その時間内に図
3の実線で示す空間部分の位置まで回転するようにモー
タ作動用の制御パルスを設定する。b) Rotating the HC-based gas component adsorbent 8 at the same time as detecting the start-up to discharge the maximum amount of HC components;
During the initial startup time, the spatial part (origin) shown by the solid line in Figure 3
Rotate it to the position. H depending on the specifications and characteristics of the internal combustion engine.
Since the time required to discharge more C varies, the time appropriate for each characteristic is measured in advance, and the control pulse for motor operation is set so that the motor rotates to the position of the space shown by the solid line in Figure 3 within that time. Set.
【0017】c)排気浄化用触媒の後流における排気温
度を好ましくは排気温度センサ6により検知し、触媒が
完全に機能する温度領域(例えばHCの転換効率が80
%以上なるK℃)に入ったことを検知したら、再度吸着
材8を一定時間の間に360 °回転させる。排気ガス
にさらされたHC成分は、その場である程度の触媒反応
を生じて一部が浄化された後、残りは排気ガス中に脱離
し、後流の触媒5でさらに浄化される。c) The exhaust temperature downstream of the exhaust purification catalyst is preferably detected by an exhaust temperature sensor 6, and the temperature range where the catalyst fully functions (for example, the HC conversion efficiency is 80%) is detected.
% or more (K°C), the adsorbent 8 is rotated 360° again for a certain period of time. The HC components exposed to the exhaust gas undergo a catalytic reaction to some extent on the spot and are partially purified, and then the remainder is desorbed into the exhaust gas and further purified by the downstream catalyst 5.
【0018】以上の様なHC系ガス成分吸着材の形状と
回転の制御を行うことにより、効率的に、始動初期に排
出されるHC系ガス成分を浄化することが可能である。By controlling the shape and rotation of the HC gas component adsorbent as described above, it is possible to efficiently purify the HC gas component discharged at the initial stage of startup.
【0019】前記実施例においては、吸着材の空間部分
は完全な空間としたが他の実施例の吸着材においては、
吸着材の空間部分を完全な空間とせず、例えば図2(a
) の空間部分を隔壁により4等分するような粗いハニ
カム構造とする。この様な構造とすることで、吸着材全
体の強度が向上する。また空間部分の周壁11を厚くす
ることにより、排気ガスから吸着材への熱伝達を少なく
できる。In the above embodiment, the space of the adsorbent was a complete space, but in the adsorbent of other embodiments,
For example, if the space of the adsorbent is not a complete space,
) has a rough honeycomb structure in which the space is divided into four equal parts by partition walls. With such a structure, the strength of the entire adsorbent is improved. Furthermore, by thickening the peripheral wall 11 of the space, heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the adsorbent can be reduced.
【0020】[0020]
【発明の効果】以上説明してきたように、この発明によ
れば、その構成をHC系ガス成分吸着材の一部に空間部
分を設け、内燃機関の運転状態により回転させる機構と
したため
1)HC系ガス成分吸着材の耐久性を向上でき、2)圧
損の低下を図れる
という効果が得られる。As explained above, according to the present invention, a space is provided in a part of the HC-based gas component adsorbent, and the structure is such that it is rotated depending on the operating condition of the internal combustion engine. The durability of the system gas component adsorbent can be improved, and 2) the effects of reducing pressure loss can be obtained.
【0021】更に実施例に示すように、触媒の作動温度
領域に達してからHC系ガス成分を脱離させるため吸着
していたHC系ガス成分の浄化率を高くすることができ
るという効果がある。Furthermore, as shown in the examples, since the HC gas components are desorbed after reaching the operating temperature range of the catalyst, there is an effect that the purification rate of the adsorbed HC gas components can be increased. .
【図1】本発明のHC系ガス成分吸着システムを組み込
んだ内燃機関の排気浄化システム全体の模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an entire exhaust purification system for an internal combustion engine incorporating an HC-based gas component adsorption system of the present invention.
【図2】(a)は吸着材の正面図であり、(b)は吸着
材の側面図である。FIG. 2(a) is a front view of the adsorbent, and FIG. 2(b) is a side view of the adsorbent.
【図3】吸着材の空間部分の初期の回転角δを求めるた
めの説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for determining the initial rotation angle δ of the spatial portion of the adsorbent.
【図4】吸着材の回転を制御するためのフローチャート
である。FIG. 4 is a flowchart for controlling the rotation of the adsorbent.
1 内燃機関
2 電子制御装置
3 HC系ガス成分吸着材の回転機構4 HC系ガ
ス成分吸着材の保持容器5 排気ガス浄化用触媒
6 排気温度センサ
7 排気管
8 HC系ガス成分吸着材
9 回転軸用の貫通孔
10 吸着材に設けた空間
11 空間部分の周壁1 Internal combustion engine 2 Electronic control device 3 Rotating mechanism for HC gas component adsorbent 4 Holding container for HC gas component adsorbent 5 Exhaust gas purification catalyst 6 Exhaust temperature sensor 7 Exhaust pipe 8 HC gas component adsorbent 9 Rotating shaft Through hole 10 for adsorption material Space 11 Peripheral wall of the space part
Claims (1)
炭化水素系ガス成分を吸着する吸着材と、該吸着材を内
燃機関の運転状態により回転させる機構を保持し、上記
吸着材がその一部分に圧損を低下させる空間部分を備え
たことを特徴とする内燃機関における炭化水素系ガス成
分吸着システム。[Claim 1] Contained in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine,
The present invention is characterized in that it includes an adsorbent that adsorbs hydrocarbon-based gas components and a mechanism for rotating the adsorbent depending on the operating condition of an internal combustion engine, and that the adsorbent has a space in a portion thereof that reduces pressure loss. Adsorption system for hydrocarbon gas components in internal combustion engines.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3036643A JPH04255520A (en) | 1991-02-07 | 1991-02-07 | Hydrocarbon gas component adsorption system in internal combustion engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP3036643A JPH04255520A (en) | 1991-02-07 | 1991-02-07 | Hydrocarbon gas component adsorption system in internal combustion engine |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH04255520A true JPH04255520A (en) | 1992-09-10 |
Family
ID=12475530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP3036643A Pending JPH04255520A (en) | 1991-02-07 | 1991-02-07 | Hydrocarbon gas component adsorption system in internal combustion engine |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH04255520A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07269332A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Exhaust emission control device and butterfly valve therefor |
US6696389B1 (en) | 1996-02-23 | 2004-02-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Process and apparatus for cleaning a gas flow |
-
1991
- 1991-02-07 JP JP3036643A patent/JPH04255520A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH07269332A (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1995-10-17 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Exhaust emission control device and butterfly valve therefor |
US6696389B1 (en) | 1996-02-23 | 2004-02-24 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Process and apparatus for cleaning a gas flow |
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