JPH04252297A - Lubricant for press working - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide the subject lubricant for press working, showing sufficient lubricating properties in press working of various kinds of metallic materials, especially an aluminum alloy material and capable of ready removal after the press working using an aqueous cleaner without using a halogenated hydrocarbon-based solvent. CONSTITUTION:The aqueous lubricant for press working in this invention is characterized by its composition composed of a wax having >=20 deg.C melting point and >=50mgKOH/g acid value, a surfactant and/or a basic substance and water or by its emulsion state containing a 9-32C higher fatty acid, a basic substance capable of forming a salt with the above-mentioned higher fatty acid and water. The solid lubricant for press working is characterized by its solid state composed of the above-mentioned wax and/or the above-mentioned higher fatty acid or its salt.

Description

Description: FIELD OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION This invention relates to a press working lubricant for various metal materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to a press working lubricant for various metal materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium that lack flexibility, particularly for aluminum or aluminum alloy (hereinafter referred to as aluminum alloy) materials. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Aluminum alloy materials have been used in various fields due to their excellent strength properties, corrosion resistance, and light weight. Particularly in recent years, the automobile industry has been aiming to reduce the weight of automobiles in order to address issues such as fuel efficiency and exhaust gas regulations. It is also beginning to be used for exchanger materials, engine-related parts, etc. [0003] In manufacturing such automobile parts, a multi-stage press method is used as a processing method for aluminum alloy materials, rather than the press method normally used for processing steel plates. This multi-stage press working method is inefficient and not suitable for mass production. However, since aluminum alloy materials lack flexibility compared to steel plates, it is difficult to obtain complex shapes or deep drawings even if they are press-formed in the same way as steel plates, so they have no choice but to be used. That is, in general, in press working, in order to reduce the frictional force between the mold and the workpiece material and improve formability, various press work lubrication methods are used depending on the type of material, the difficulty of work, etc. agent is used. However, a press working lubricant that improves the formability of aluminum alloy materials has not yet been developed. Therefore, when press working an aluminum alloy material, a press working lubricant that is used for press working steel plates is used. However, such press working tends to cause breaks, cracks, seizures, etc. in the aluminum alloy material, and it is not possible to obtain a shape that is highly difficult to process with a single press. Therefore, when processing simple shapes such as can stock, the normal press forming method is used, but when processing complex shapes such as those required for automobile parts, it is difficult to process each time. Currently, a multi-stage press working method is used in which the pressure is lowered and the press work is performed in stages over multiple times. [0005] Conventional press working lubricants for steel plates used in such press working generally include mineral oil (petroleum-based hydrocarbons), oily agents such as fatty acids and alcohols, and extreme pressure agents such as chlorinated paraffin. has been added. Other methods used include coating the surface of the aluminum alloy material to be pressed with a polymeric resin such as acrylic polymer to form a lubricant film, and coating the surface of the aluminum alloy material by melting solid paraffin wax. [0006] However, the above-mentioned multi-stage press processing method requires a plurality of expensive molds and increases the number of presses, resulting in a decrease in productivity and product cost. There was a problem with the increase. Furthermore, since the shape of each press work is limited to a rounded and easy shape, the shape of the final product must also be rounded. [0007] Furthermore, since conventional press working lubricants for steel sheets are generally oil-based, there is a problem in that they are easily flammable. [0008] Furthermore, when using this press processing lubricant, the material plates to be processed are often coated with the press working lubricant in advance, but in that case, the coating film is in a liquid state, making it difficult for the material plates to separate from each other due to surface tension. There was a problem that the workability decreased. In addition, when painting is applied after press working, it is necessary to remove the press working lubricant, but conventional press working lubricants and solid paraffin wax for steel plates cannot be removed sufficiently with water-based cleaners. However, there was also the problem that halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as trichlene, which are harmful to the human body, had to be used. [0010] Furthermore, even when a polymer resin is coated to form a lubricant film, sufficient lubricity cannot be obtained for press processing such as deep drawing, and phenomena such as breakage and cracking of aluminum alloy materials occur. There was a problem that this occurred. Furthermore,
There was also the problem that the polymer resin adhered to the mold, causing scratches on the surface of the product. The present invention solves the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, exhibits sufficient lubricity in press working of various metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials, and halogenated hydrocarbon-based material after press work. The object of the present invention is to provide a press working lubricant for metal materials that can be easily removed with an aqueous cleaner without using a solvent. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, as a first aspect, a wax having a melting point of 20° C. or higher and an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or higher, a surfactant, and/or a surfactant. Alternatively, there is provided an aqueous press working lubricant for metal materials comprising a basic substance and water. [0013] The present invention also provides, as a second aspect, a water-based press working lubricant for metal materials comprising a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms, a basic substance capable of forming a salt with the higher fatty acid, and water. do. [0014] Furthermore, as a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solid for metal materials comprising a wax having a melting point of 20°C or higher and an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or higher and/or a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. Provides press processing lubricants. The press working lubricant of the present invention will be explained in detail below. [0016] The press working lubricant according to the first aspect of the present invention comprises a wax having a melting point of 20°C or higher and an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or higher, a surfactant and/or a basic substance, and water. It is usually an emulsified liquid before being applied to the material to be pressed, but forms a solid film after being applied. By forming a solid film in this way, even if the material plates to be pressed are stacked together after applying the lubricant, they will not become sticky and difficult to separate, and workability will not deteriorate. Also, since the wax is emulsified and dispersed in water and is water-based, it will not catch fire. In the present invention, in order to form a solid film as described above, the melting point is 20° C. or higher, preferably 40° C. or higher.
Use wax at ~70°C. In addition, this wax is easily dispersed in water and can be used as a water-based lubricant, and the solid film formed can be easily removed from the pressed metal material by treatment with an aqueous cleaner after pressing. So, the acid value is 50mgKO
H/g or more, preferably 70 to 160 mgKOH/g. If the acid value exceeds this value, the wax will liquefy and will not form a solid film, which is not preferable. Moreover, if the acid value is less than 50 mgKOH/g, it becomes difficult to disperse in water, which is not preferable. Examples of such waxes include animal waxes such as beeswax and lanolin, vegetable waxes such as carbana wax, rice wax, candelilla wax, tree wax, and hydrogenated castor oil, and mineral waxes such as montan wax. , paraffin, petroleum waxes such as microcrystalline wax, modified derivatives of these waxes with acid values, and the like. Further, in the press working lubricant of the first aspect of the present invention, a surfactant or a basic substance, or both a surfactant and a basic substance are used so that the wax is well dispersed in water. do. [0020] Various surfactants can be used without particular limitation. [0021] As the basic substance, various substances can be used that act on the carboxyl groups of the wax and cause the wax to function as a surfactant. Examples of such basic substances include alkali metal salts such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, inorganic basic substances such as ammonia, hydroxyalkylamines such as triethanolamine and 2-ethylamino alcohol, and others. Examples include organic basic substances. Preferably, organic basic substances, particularly amines such as mono-, di-, and alkanolamines, which have good water resistance as a solid film and are easily removed by aqueous cleaner treatment, can be used. When using such amines, keep in mind that if they are liquid at room temperature, adding too much will make it difficult to form a solid film, and conversely, if too little is added, it will be difficult to emulsify the wax. Set the amount of amines to be added. [0022] As the water used in the first aspect of the present invention, ordinary tap water can be used, but deionized water is preferably used to prevent the formation of water-insoluble salts such as scum. The mixing ratio of each component of the press working lubricant of the first aspect of the present invention depends on the type of wax, surfactant or basic substance used, pressing conditions, and the properties of the solid film to be formed. etc. are different. For example, when reducing the thickness of the solid film to be formed, the concentration of wax is reduced. Generally, the melting point is 20℃ or higher and the acid value is 50.
0.1 to 50% by weight of wax with mgKOH/g or more,
Preferably 0.5 to 30% by weight, surfactant and/or basic substance 0.1 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 30% by weight.
15% by weight and water from 10 to 99.8% by weight, preferably from 55 to 99%. In addition to these components, various additives such as rust preventives, antioxidants, and water-soluble organic solvents can be added as necessary. The pressing lubricant of the first aspect of the invention can be manufactured by common methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, each component is emulsified and mixed by heating, stirring, or the like. [0025] As a method of using the press working lubricant of the first aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to apply the lubricant to the metal material to be pressed and dry it in advance to form a solid film before pressing. In this case, the application method etc. may be similar to the usage method of a general press working lubricant. Next, the press working lubricant according to the second aspect of the present invention will be explained. The press working lubricant according to the second aspect of the present invention comprises a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms, a basic substance that forms salt with the higher fatty acid, and water. The press working lubricant of this second embodiment is also usually an emulsified liquid before being applied to the material to be pressed, but forms a solid film after being applied. As a result, even if the material plates to be press-formed are stacked together after applying the lubricant, they will not become sticky and difficult to separate, and workability will not deteriorate. Furthermore, since the higher fatty acids are emulsified and dispersed in water, making it water-based, it will not catch fire. The higher fatty acids used in the second aspect of the present invention have 9 to 32 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 32 carbon atoms.
22 saturated higher fatty acids can be used. Examples of such higher fatty acids include stearic acid, 12-hydroxystearic acid, oleic acid, lanolin fatty acid, capric acid, and the like. Further, any basic substance can be used as long as it forms a salt with at least a portion of the higher fatty acid and allows the higher fatty acid to function as a surfactant. Examples of such basic substances include basic substances that can be used in the first aspect of the invention. In addition, the amount added is also determined with consideration to the solid film formability, as in the first embodiment. [0030] As the water used in the second aspect of the present invention, ordinary tap water can be used, but deionized water is preferably used as in the first aspect. The mixing ratio of each component of the press working lubricant of the second aspect of the present invention varies depending on the type of higher fatty acid used, the type of basic substance, pressing conditions, the properties of the solid film to be formed, etc. However, in general, higher fatty acids are added to 0.1 to 5
0% by weight, preferably 0.5-30% by weight, 0.1-30% by weight, preferably 0.5-15% by weight of a basic substance capable of forming salts with the higher fatty acid, and 20-99% by weight of water. 8% by weight, preferably 55-99% by weight. In addition to these components, various additives such as rust preventives and antioxidants can be added as necessary. [0032] Like the press working lubricant of the first aspect, the press working lubricant of the second aspect of the present invention can be manufactured by a common method known to those skilled in the art, and the method of use is as follows: The lubricant may be applied to the metal material to be pressed in advance and dried to form a solid film, in accordance with the method of using a general press working lubricant. The press working lubricant of the present invention may also have a combination of the first and second aspects as described above. That is, in place of the surfactant of the first embodiment, a combination of the higher fatty acid of the second embodiment and a basic substance capable of forming a salt can be used. This makes it easier to remove the formed solid film with an aqueous cleaner, and further improves the film-forming properties of the solid film. Next, the press working lubricant according to the third aspect of the present invention will be explained. The press working lubricant according to the third aspect of the present invention comprises a wax having a melting point of 20° C. or higher and an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or higher and/or a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. A press processing lubricant that is solid at room temperature. That is, this solid press lubricant has a melting point of 2.
A solid consisting of a wax with an acid value of 50 mgKOH/g or more at 0°C or higher, or a solid consisting of a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms or a salt thereof, or containing both such a wax and a higher fatty acid or a salt thereof. It can be made into a solid substance. Moreover, various additives such as a rust preventive agent and an antioxidant can be added to the solid press working lubricant of the third aspect, if necessary. As such waxes and higher fatty acids, those similar to those explained in the first and second embodiments of the present invention can be used. Further, as the salt of higher fatty acid, the salt of higher fatty acid and basic substance described in the second aspect can be used. In particular, those containing salts of higher fatty acids are preferred because they can be easily subjected to cleaner treatment after pressing. [0037] Such a solid press working lubricant can be used, for example, by heating and melting it, applying it to the metal material to be press working, and cooling it to form a solid film. Thereby, sufficient press workability can be imparted to the metal material. In addition, as mentioned above, each of these components is
Easily removed by treatment with a water-based cleaner. [Operation] The water-based press working lubricant and the solid press working lubricant of the present invention have a melting point of 20°C or higher and an acid value of 5.
Wax of 0mgKOH/g or more and/or carbon number 9
~32 higher fatty acids are used, so in the case of a water-based press working lubricant, the liquid agent is applied to the metal material to be pressed and dried, and in the case of a solid press working lubricant, it is applied by melting. By this, a solid film can be formed, and thereby sufficient press workability can be imparted particularly to aluminum alloy materials. Moreover, since this solid film does not become sticky, even if metal material plates to be pressed are stacked, the materials tend to separate from each other, improving workability. Further, in both the aqueous press working lubricant and the solid press working lubricant of the present invention, flammable solvents are not required, so that operational safety is improved. Furthermore, since these solid films made of wax and higher fatty acids have carboxyl components in their molecules, they can be treated with aqueous cleaners such as aqueous alkaline cleaners without using harmful organic solvents after pressing. Can be easily removed from metal materials. [Examples] The present invention will be specifically explained below based on Examples. Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 Using the components listed in Tables 1 to 3, water-based press lubricants (Examples 1 to 11) and solid press lubricants (
Examples 12 to 14) were produced. For these press working lubricants, press performance tests and degreasing performance (removal performance) tests were carried out as shown below. The test results are also shown in Tables 1 to 3. Similar performance tests were also carried out for Comparative Example 1 in which no lubricant was used, Comparative Example 2 in which spindle oil was used, and Comparative Example 3 in which paraffin wax was used. The results are shown in Table 4. In addition, in each table, the numerical value of a component represents a weight part. (1) Press performance test a. Experimental method Ball head extension test machine using a press machine:
Fully automatic hydraulic universal thin plate material testing machine (BP612N, Roe
ll & Korthaus KG) Pressing conditions: Workpiece Aluminum alloy plate (J
IS H4000 A5182P) Blank diameter 114mm Blank thickness 1.0mm Punch diameter 50mm Wrinkle pressure 3.0t Press speed 34.8mm/min Application conditions: Apply each lubricant to one side at a dry rate of 6g/m
2 is applied to both sides, and if it is a water-based press working lubricant, it is further dried with hot air. B. Evaluation method: Press the workpiece and measure the protruding height (mm) of the ball head when the workpiece breaks. (2) Degreasing performance test a. Experimental method Immersion method: Apply each lubricant to an aluminum alloy plate (30 x 80 x 1.0 mm) in the same way as in the press performance test.
The dried product was soaked in an alkaline cleaning solution (2% aqueous solution of No. 300 (manufactured by Johnson Corporation)) for 2 minutes (40°C).
Soak. Furthermore, soak in the same freshly prepared cleaning solution for 3 minutes (
40°C). Afterwards, it is rocked in water (17°C). B. Evaluation method The degreasing performance was evaluated by visually measuring the ratio of the water-wet area to the area of the entire aluminum alloy plate after degreasing and cleaning. The case where all the used lubricant was removed and all surfaces of the aluminum alloy plate became wet was defined as 100%. As is clear from the results in Tables 1 to 3, the press working lubricant of the present invention was able to impart sufficient press workability to aluminum alloys, which were conventionally considered difficult to press. Moreover, it could be easily removed with an aqueous alkaline cleaner. [Table 1]


Ingredient name
Example
1
2 3 4 5 6
Oxidized polyethylene wax (acid value 60) 13
．． Pentoxide paraffin wax (acid value 90)
20.0 Montan wax (acid value 150
) 20
．． 0 stearic acid

15.012-Hydroxystearic acid

20.0 lanolin fatty acids

20.0 Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether 5.0
5.0 triethanolamine
5.0
5.0 5.0N,N'-diethylaminoethanol
5.0 water

81.5 75.0 75.0
80.0 75.0 75.0


Pressing performance (processing height mm) 23.5 23.5 2
3.5 24.0 24.0 23.5 Degreasing performance (%)
60 75 65 9
0 85 90 [Table 2] Component name
Example

7 8 9 10 11 Oxidized polyethylene wax (acid value 60)
6.0 13.5 13.5 Oxidized paraffin wax (acid value 90) 10.0 Montan wax (acid value 150)
10.0 stearic acid
10.0 12.0 7.812-
hydroxystearic acid
10.0 lanolin fatty acids
7
．． 8 Polyoxyethylene oleyl ether triethanolamine
5.0 3.4 0.7
N,N'-diethylaminoethanol
5.0 5.0 water
75.0 77.0 75
．． 3 78.0 75.0


Pressing performance (processing height mm)
24.5 26.0 24.5 24
．． 5 24.5 Degreasing performance (%)
95 100
95 95 95 [Table 3] Component name
Example

12 13 14 Oxidized polyethylene wax (acid value 60) Oxidized paraffin wax (acid value 90) 90.0 100.0
90.0 Montan wax (acid value 150) Stearic acid 12-hydroxystearic acid lanolin fatty acid polyoxyethylene oleyl ether
10.0 triethanolamine 10.0N,
N'-diethylaminoethanol water
− −
−

Pressing performance (processing height mm) 23.0 23.0
23.0 Degreasing performance (%)
90 60
[Table 4] Comparative example 1
2 3
component
Lubricant-free spindle oil
paraffin wax

(Acid value 0.1 or less)


Pressing performance
15.0 17.0
23.0 (processing height mm) Degreasing performance (%) -
10.0 0
Effects of the Invention According to the press working lubricant of the present invention,
Sufficient lubricity can be obtained in pressing various metal materials, especially aluminum alloy materials, making it easy to press, and after pressing, there is no need to use halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, and even water-based cleaners can be used. Can be easily removed.

Claims (4)

[Claims] [Claim 1] Melting point is 20°C or higher and acid value is 50mgK
An aqueous press working lubricant for metal materials, comprising a wax of OH/g or more, a surfactant and/or a basic substance, and water. 2. An aqueous press working lubricant for metal materials, comprising a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms, a basic substance capable of forming a salt with the higher fatty acid, and water. [Claim 3] Melting point is 20°C or higher and acid value is 50mgK
A water-based press working lubricant for metal materials, comprising a wax having an OH/g or more, a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms, a basic substance capable of forming a salt with the higher fatty acid, and water. [Claim 4] Melting point is 20°C or higher and acid value is 50mgK
A solid press working lubricant for metal materials comprising a wax having an OH/g or more and/or a higher fatty acid having 9 to 32 carbon atoms or a salt thereof.