JPH04251191A - Production of heat-accumulator and its apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To fabricate heat storage means comparatively economically, by providing thermally insulated regions in an outer and an inner containers which regions are prepared by exhaust gas therebetween and burning out, and extending supporting member for the inner container through the regions. CONSTITUTION: A metal housing 10 is composed of a cylindrical outer container 12 and a cylindrical inner container 14 coaxially disposed therein, and an insulating space 16 is formed between the containers 12 and 14 as a vacuum space made by exhaust gas and burning up. The inner container 14 is provided with a feed duct 20 for a heat transfer medium and a return duct extending in parallel therewith at a dead end 18 of the insulating space 16. The inner container 14 accommodates the heat storage medium disposed in one or plural chambers 22, and the outer container 12 comprises suspension or support member for supporting the inner container 14 therein in such a manner as to avoid heat bridge.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention includes a housing made from an outer container and an inner container arranged therein.
More particularly, in the inner container, the heat takes the form of a latent heat accumulating means comprising at least one chamber for receiving a heat accumulating medium and comprising an accumulating area extended entirely by an outflow area for the heat transfer medium. Relating to a method for manufacturing a storage means, and wherein the outer container and the inner container include an insulating area between them prepared by evacuation and burnout, through which the support means for the inner container on the outer container extends. , the outflow region is provided with a connection extending through the insulation region and leading to the outside. Furthermore, the invention relates to heat storage means applied for applying the method.

storage of heat in a storage medium which is permanently retained in a heat storage means and separated from a heat transfer medium;
More specifically, the latent accumulation of heat in fusible salt mixtures or other storage media has been described in the literature. In order to keep heat losses as low as possible, highly efficient thermal insulation of the storage core containing the heat storage medium is required. therefore,
An inner container containing a heat storage core therein is enclosed in an outer container while forming an insulating space, in which a vacuum is preferably created. In order to ensure that such vacuum conditions are maintained as long as possible, surfaces defining a vacuum on internal and external containers or on any structure contained in the insulating space must be evacuated and their For this purpose a thermal action called burnout is required, during which the gas liberated must be removed at the same time. The higher the burnout temperature, the more effective, shorter and cheaper the burnout will be. Obviously, a burnout temperature of about 400° C. would be desirable, however heat storage media generally cannot withstand such temperatures. Apart from possible degradation or damage to the heat storage medium, heating to this temperature may result in significant pressure build-up in the heat storage area, especially if the boiling point of the heat storage medium is exceeded.

The phase transition temperature of the heat storage media commonly used in motor vehicles for latent heat storage means is, for example, approximately 70° C., and the filling of the heat storage region takes place at slightly higher temperatures. The maximum operating temperature is 125°C.

0004

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION One object of the invention is therefore the development of an economical method for manufacturing heat storage means.

More particularly, the invention is directed to creating a situation for freely selecting the burnout temperature according to practical requirements, without taking into account the specific properties of the heat storage medium.

[0006] To achieve these objects and/or other objects apparent in the specification, claims, and drawings of the present invention, the insulating region is first burned out and evacuated, and then the heat storage medium is removed. is introduced into the heat storage area.

[0007] There is therefore the possibility of completely assembling the heat storage means housing and performing burnout without any restrictions as to the nature of the heat storage medium, since after burnout the medium can be introduced into the medium area in the inner container. All you have to do is do it.

Another condition for the economical production of heat storage means is that, during operation of the heat storage means, the volumetric thermal expansion and the resulting mechanical loading of the storage area walls of the heat storage means are at most negligible. That is to say.

To this end, according to a preferred embodiment of the method, a heat storage means housing consisting of an inner and an outer container and a connection for the outflow area and the filling duct for the heat storage medium is The filling duct is then completely filled with heat storage medium at a temperature at least equal to the maximum operating temperature of the heat storage means, after which the filling duct is sealed.

Due to the filling of the heat storage medium near the maximum operating temperature of the heat storage means, the manufacturer claims that the operation of the heat storage means is at most negligible due to changes in the capacity of the heat storage medium. ensure that only mechanical stresses of

[0011] Filling operations at filling temperatures close to the maximum operating temperature may entail difficulties due to the steam pressure of the heat storage means, and further heating of the heat storage medium may involve other expenditures. For this reason, it is desirable to introduce the heat storage medium into the heat storage means at a temperature that does not substantially exceed its melting point. According to another advantageous development of the invention, the filling of the heat storage medium is at the maximum temperature occurring and the volume of the heat storage medium is at most equal to the respective chamber volume.

According to the invention, the insulating region of the heat storage means is already prepared for its insulating function prior to filling. Therefore, the heat storage means must be designed such that the means for introducing the heat storage medium into the insulation area with the provided heat storage means housing do not impair the efficiency of the insulation as much as possible. Another object of the invention is therefore to provide heat storage means for carrying out the method according to the invention which serves this purpose.

[0013] To achieve this objective, heat storage means,
The heat storage means more particularly takes the form of latent heat storage means:
an outer container and an inner container arranged in the outer container, the outer container comprising at least one chamber in the inner container and extended entirely by an outflow area for a heat transfer medium to receive a heat storage medium; a housing made of such an outer container and an inner container including an accumulation area and an insulating area prepared by evacuation and degassing between, through which the inner container is placed on the outer container; The supporting means extends and the outflow area extends through the insulating area and includes such an internal and external container provided with a connection to the outside, the filling opening provided on the heat accumulation area is It is designed to be accessible from the outside of the storage means housing and to be closable.

In this respect, an advantageous development is possible in which the heat storage area is provided with a filling duct that opens outside the insulation area and has closing means.

According to a particularly advantageous design, the filling duct leaves the insulating area at the last installation location of the heat storage means and extends downwards in the insulating area with its lower end connected to the duct part with the closing means. Having an extending portion, the barrier layer may be configured as a heat storage medium in this downwardly extending portion.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention is that the filling duct is provided with a closure adjacent to the heat accumulation area.

[0017] According to another advantageous further development of the invention, the filling duct can extend outwardly through the insulation area and be interrupted by a plug that can be introduced through the filling duct in the vicinity of the insulation area; There are other developments which are more particularly convenient, such as in which the filling duct is provided with two closures, which are separated by a distance in the direction of the outflow of the duct, since the insulating layer of air is enclosed by the two closures. It is established at a later date. In this respect, one closure preferably adjoins the inner container and the other closure preferably adjoins the outer container.

A more particularly preferred form of this invention is:
The filling opening is such that it is accessible through one of the connections for the heat transfer medium, since additional thermal bridges between the inner and outer container are avoided. Preferably in this case a filling duct from the heat transfer medium extends through one of the connections.

Regarding the final position of incorporating the heat storage means, if at least the connection receiving the filling duct has a part extending downwardly out of the external container in the insulating area and extending towards it from the top, Other improvements according to the preferred embodiment of the invention are possible if the duct ends adjacent to the upper end of this section. When the heat supply is interrupted, a barrier layer (which improves the insulation effect) creates a barrier between the bottom, colder part of the medium and the upper medium, which is connected to the storage space of the inner container and is therefore hotter. Formed in the part that extends downward,
Thermal bridges extending through the barrier layer are prevented since the filling duct ends adjacent to the upper end of this section, which, if made in a straight line, would be introduced through this section of the connection. It may be relatively simple to block the signal using a plug.

It is also possible to arrange the heat storage medium in the storage area of a module with a casing, the modules being able to be arranged according to a predetermined axial alignment. Furthermore, spherical modules are also possible. In the case of this type of heat storage means, other suitable developments are possible, namely the filling duct has a cross section that allows the passage of the module and the filling opening of the inner container and the filling of the outer container. Extending in a straight line between the opening and the axial direction,
This filling opening is provided with a closing plug which closes the filling duct between the two filling openings during formation, and which, if in the form of an evacuated hollow member, prevents the relative flow of the filling through the duct. It is possible to have other suitable developments for large cross sections. In order to make the heat conduction path adjacent to the plug as long as possible, it is expedient for the filling duct and/or the plug to have other developments, such as having a peripheral corrugated wall between the filling openings. .

Another completely different suitable embodiment of the invention is that the heat storage means housing is comprised of two double-walled cup-shaped parts that are housed within each other, each enclosing an insulating area within the wall. One of the two parts is such that it is provided with a connection for the heat transfer medium and made wider to receive the heat storage medium.

The invention will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show some practical embodiments.

[0023]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PRACTICAL EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION In the figures, the housing, which is made of metal, is generally designated by the reference numeral 10. The housing 10 is a cylindrical external container 1
2 and an inner container 14 arranged coaxially therewith and also cylindrical, the inner container 14 being positioned relative to the outer container by suitable suspensions or supports, not shown here.
External container 12 and internal container 14 on all sides
There is a clearance between them, and this clearance constitutes an insulating space 16.

On one end side 18 thereof, the inner container 14 is provided with a supply duct 20 for the heat transfer medium and a return duct, which is not shown since it runs parallel to it and is therefore covered by the supply duct. It will be done. These ducts open into the chamber 22 of the inner container;
This chamber is separated by a vertical partition wall into a supply duct 20
and a part related to the return duct. Furthermore, the inner container 14 is located in one or more chambers, not shown.
including a heat storage medium (not shown) in a conventional manner, such as a salt mixture or salt solution, so that the separation interface with the largest dimension is occupied by the area occupied by the heat transfer medium and the heat storage medium. configured between the areas. In the figure only one chamber 24 is schematically illustrated.

A high vacuum is preferably produced in the insulation space 16. In order to maintain this vacuum as long as possible, the surfaces of the heat storage means housing defining the insulation space 16 are evacuated in a conventional manner, for example by heating in the range of 400.degree.

[0026] In order to minimize heat losses, the suspension or support means of the inner container 14 within the outer container are designed such that thermal bridging is avoided as much as possible. Furthermore, the supply duct 20 and the return duct are
It is connected to the last installed position of the heat storage means in such a way that it has a section 26 extending vertically as far as possible downwardly through the insulation space 16 to the point where it extends outwardly through the outer container 12. . In the illustrated practical example, the supply duct 20 and the return duct begin with an internal container having an elbow-like bend 28 merging into a vertical section 26 . In the supply duct 20 and in the vertical section 26 of the return duct, a barrier layer is provided between the hot heat transfer medium in the inner container 14 and the part of the heat transfer medium outside the heat storage means that cools down after interruption of the heat supply. can be established, so that the insulation effect is even further improved.

In the illustrated practical embodiment of FIG. 1, the chamber 24 extends out of the inner container 14, through the insulating space 16, and through the wall 30 of the outer container 12 and includes a heat storage means. Filling is possible via a filling duct 32 extending to the outside of the housing 10. The filling duct 32 is designed in the form of a U in order to have a maximum length and, like the supply duct 20 and the return duct, has a vertical part 34, the lower end of which is
The upper end is connected to a cold external container,
Connected to a cold external container to form a barrier layer. The filling duct is equipped with a plug 32 adjacent to the wall 30 of the outer container. According to other possibilities not shown, the filling duct 32 is arranged therein, for example with one plug adjacent to the wall 36 of the inner container 14 and another plug adjacent to the wall 30 of the inner container 12. If it is possible to have two spaced apart plugs, the insulating space chamber may be configured between the two plugs.

In the preferred practical embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the chamber 24 is connected to a filling duct 40;
This duct extends below the supply duct 20 at a distance from the wall 42 and ends after an elbow bend 28 at the beginning of the straight section 26, in which the filling duct 40 can be closed with a plug 44 of the supply duct 20, which plug 44 may be introduced through a straight section. Heat losses are therefore particularly effectively reduced, since the filling duct 40 is always located in the area occupied by the heated part of the heat transfer medium.

According to other modifications (not shown):
The chamber 24 is provided with a filling opening with closing means without connecting the filling duct to the filling opening, which is however accessible through the supply duct 20 or the return duct. In this respect, it is possible to block the filling opening with a screw closure using tools introduced through the supply duct 20 or the return duct;
However, during the filling operation the valve can for this purpose be provided with a filling opening which is temporarily introduced into the supply duct 20 or into the return duct and which is opened by the filling duct which is applicable to the filling opening. be.

FIG. 3 shows another possible form of heat storage means, in which the heat storage medium is in the form of individual modules enclosed within a casing in an internal container, the modules being heat transfer aligned in the direction of media flow;
Such medium is supplied from the portion of the chamber 22 adjacent to one end wall 46 of the inner container 14 associated with the supply duct;
It flows into the redirection chamber 50 adjacent the other end wall 48 of the inner container 14 and thence back to the part of the chamber 22 associated with the return duct.

According to the invention, in order to introduce these modules after burning out the insulation space 16, a filling opening 49 in the end wall 48 of the inner container 14 and in the opposite end wall 54 of the outer container 12 are provided. Filling opening 52
are connected by a filling duct 56, the cross-sectional area of which is large enough to allow the passage of the module. Filling duct 56 may be obstructed by a plug 58 which takes the form of an evacuated hollow member and substantially fills filling duct 56 in its closed position, as schematically illustrated by seal 60. Then, the fill opening 48 on the inner container 14 is sealed. Preferably, there is also a seal 62 for the filling opening 52 in the outer container. The walls of the filling duct 56 and the corresponding walls of the plug 58 are:
It takes the form of a corrugated tube to have a maximum length thermal bridge between the inner container 14 and the outer container 12.

FIG. 4 shows yet another possible design of heat storage means for carrying out the method according to the invention. In this embodiment of the heat storage means, the housing 110 has two respective double-walled, cup-shaped parts 110a and 110.
b, and the inner diameter of part 110a is adapted to the outer diameter of part 110b, so that part 110b
0 may be pushed up to the part 110a, so that the part 110a is usually within the confines of the housing 10. The supply duct 20 and the return duct are connected to the outer part 110b and open on its inner side.

Internal portion 110a receives a heat storage medium;
For this reason, the chamber 124 inside the internal part 110a has therein a cartridge 117, which can be filled with a chamber element 12 with a plug 119 via a respective filling opening for a heat storage medium.
5 and a duct 123 held free for the flow of the heat storage medium through it by a spacer 121, the chamber elements 125 of the cartridge spaced apart by the spacer constitute the cartridge 117. or, for this purpose, the chamber 124 is provided with an end wall having such an outflow duct and an outflow duct terminating the chamber 124 and extending therethrough. Either there is already a filling opening provided and there a closing means.

During the manufacture of the heat storage means according to FIG. 4, the double-walled interior cavities of the sections 110a and 110b, respectively, are burnt out and preferably evacuated from the manufacture in a high vacuum. After sufficient cooling, the cartridge 117 is removed from the inner part 11.
0a into the chamber 124, or the chamber 124 is filled with a heat storage medium through its filling opening and sealed, after which the outer part 110b is placed over the inner part. move as if sliding.

FIG. 5 shows another possible embodiment of the heat storage means, in which the chamber element 125 attached to the inner container 14 by the space 121 is permanently attached in order to maintain a free outflow path 123. installed and connected to a common filling duct 129, which is extended by an elbow bend 28 of the supply duct 20 and ends at the beginning of a section 26 of the supply duct 20 extending vertically downwards, where it ends. The duct 129 is blocked by a sealing cap 131.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 shows a first embodiment of a heat storage means according to the invention; FIG.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a second preferred embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a heat storage means comprising a heat storage medium in the form of a module;

FIG. 4 has a cartridge with a chamber element in an inner container and a duct for outflow therethrough;
FIG. 6 shows another possible embodiment of a heat storage means with a two-part heat storage means housing;

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a heat storage means with a chamber element permanently attached to the inner container and fillable via a common filling duct.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of two adjacent chamber elements with spacers arranged between them;

[Explanation of symbols]

10 Housing 12 External container 14 Internal container 16 Insulation area 20 Supply duct 24 Chamber

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. A housing made of an outer container and an inner container arranged therein, more particularly comprising at least one chamber for receiving a heat storage medium in the inner container and for receiving a heat transfer medium. A method for the manufacture of a heat storage means in the form of a latent heat storage means comprising an accumulation area extended entirely by an outflow area for a heat storage means, the outer container and the inner container being prepared by evacuation and burn-out between them. an insulating area, through which the support means for the inner container on the outer container extend, the outflow area being provided with a connection extending through the insulating area and leading to the outside, the insulating area being first burned out; A method for the manufacture of a heat storage means, in which the heat storage medium is introduced into the storage area. 2. The heat storage means housing, consisting of an internal and external container, a connection for the outflow area and a filling duct for filling the heat storage medium therein, is burnt out and then cooled; 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling duct is then sealed after being completely filled with heat storage medium at a temperature at least approximately equal to the maximum operating temperature of the heat storage means. 3. The heat storage means housing, consisting of an internal and external container, a connection for the outflow area and a filling duct for filling, is burnt out, then cooled and then heat stored in the storage area. filled with medium,
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filling amount of the storage medium is at most the volume of the heat storage medium at the maximum temperature occurring equal to the respective chamber volume. 4. A heat storage means housing having an outer and an inner container, in which an accumulation region comprising at least one chamber is provided, for receiving a heat storage medium, an outlet region for a heat transfer medium. heat storage means, more particularly latent heat storage means, wherein the outer and inner containers include an insulating region between them, through which means for supporting the inner container on the outer container are provided. Adapted for carrying out the method claimed in claim 1, the filling openings arranged on the means defining the accumulation region are characterized in that the extending and draining region comprises a connection extending outwardly through the insulating region; The heat storage means is accessible and shieldable from the outside of the heat storage means housing. 5. The heat storage region is open outside the insulation region;
5. Heat storage means as claimed in claim 4, comprising a filling duct and comprising means for sealing it. 6. Heat storage means as claimed in claim 5, wherein the filling duct comprises closure means adjacent to the storage area. 7. The filling duct extends outwardly through the insulation region and is adapted to be closed by a plug introduceable through the filling duct adjacent the accumulation region.
A heat storage means as claimed in claim 4. 8. Heat storage means as claimed in claim 6, wherein the filling duct comprises two closures spaced apart in the outflow direction within the duct. 9. The filling duct comprises two closures spaced apart in the outflow direction of the duct, and the filling duct also comprises a closure adjacent to the external container.
Heat storage means charged to. 10. The filling duct has a portion having a portion extending downwardly in the insulation area with respect to the last installed position of the heat storage means, the lower end of such portion extending out from the insulation area; Heat storage means as claimed in claim 5, connected to a duct section and having means for sealing it. 11. Heat storage means as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filling opening is accessible through one of the connections for a heat transfer medium. 12. The heat storage means as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filling duct extends through one of the connections for the heat storage means. 13. For the last installed position of the heat storage means, the connection accommodating at least the filling duct comprises:
13. The heat storage means as claimed in claim 12, having a downwardly extending portion extending downwardly from the outer container in the insulating region, and wherein the filling duct terminates adjacent the upper end of this portion. 14. A storage area comprising modules arranged in a storage area and containing a storage medium, such modules being axially aligned and said filling duct allowing passage of the modules and a filling opening on the inner container. and a filling opening on the outer container having a cross-section extending linearly in this axial direction, the filling duct comprising a closing plug sealing the filling duct between the two filling openings in the closed position; A heat storage means as claimed in claim 5. 15. Heat storage means as claimed in claim 14, wherein the closure plug takes the form of a plug having an evacuated cavity therein. 16. The filling duct and/or plug has a circumferentially corrugated wall between the filling openings.
4. Heat storage means claimed. 17. The heat storage means housing consists of two double-walled cup-shaped parts each having an insulating area in the wall and mounted one within the other, one of such parts being for the heat transfer medium. Heat storage means for carrying out the method as claimed in claim 1, having a connection of 1 and adapted to receive a heat storage medium.