JPH04222265A - Production of bulky nonwoven fabric sheet - Google Patents
Production of bulky nonwoven fabric sheetInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04222265A JPH04222265A JP40670590A JP40670590A JPH04222265A JP H04222265 A JPH04222265 A JP H04222265A JP 40670590 A JP40670590 A JP 40670590A JP 40670590 A JP40670590 A JP 40670590A JP H04222265 A JPH04222265 A JP H04222265A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- nonwoven fabric
- stress
- fabric sheet
- strength
- bulky
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】0001
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は破断応力が高く、嵩高な
不織布シートの製法に関する。更に詳しくは、ジオテキ
スタイル分野、自動車内装分野、建材分野などにおける
天井、壁などに使用される嵩高不織布シートの製法に関
するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing bulky nonwoven fabric sheets with high breaking stress. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing bulky nonwoven fabric sheets used for ceilings, walls, etc. in the field of geotextiles, automobile interiors, building materials, and the like.
【０００２】0002
【従来の技術】エンボスロール熱融着スパンボンド法不
織布は、機械的強力は強いが地厚感に乏しい欠点を有し
ている。このような熱融着スパンボンドの用途を拡大す
るために機械的強力を減ずることなく、地厚感を出す方
法が検討されてきている。従来、織物、不織布などの嵩
高、柔軟化方法については、ワッシャー、液流加工など
水の力を利用して物理的に揉む方法や、バフ、ガーネッ
トワイヤー、針布、サンドペーパーなどで表面を起毛し
たり、シリコン、フッ素などの柔軟剤を付けて、表面摩
擦抵抗を小さくする方法などが行われているが、ワッシ
ャー、液流加工などの水の力を利用して物理的に揉む方
法は、シワになったり、特に不織布のような揉み摩耗が
弱い布帛では破損したり、乾燥にコストがかかる欠点を
有していた。また、表面を起毛することにより、嵩高柔
軟化する方法は、多数回繰り返して行わないと効果が出
にくく生産性が悪いばかりか、表面の繊維が切断して弱
くなる欠点を有していた。柔軟剤を用いる方法は、薬剤
の付与及び乾燥にコストがかかり、また薬剤の安全性な
どにも考慮しなければならない欠点を有している。水、
または空気を利用して単繊維を交絡させる不織布では、
嵩高性の発現は容易であるが不織布の強力が弱いという
欠点を有している。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Embossed roll heat-sealed spunbond nonwoven fabrics have a strong mechanical strength but have a disadvantage of poor texture. In order to expand the uses of such heat-sealed spunbonds, studies have been conducted on ways to create a sense of thickness without reducing mechanical strength. Conventionally, methods for bulking and softening woven and non-woven fabrics include physically kneading them using the power of water, such as with washers and liquid jet processing, and raising the surface using buffs, garnet wire, clothing, sandpaper, etc. Methods such as applying softeners such as silicone or fluorine to reduce surface frictional resistance are used, but methods that physically knead using the power of water, such as washers and liquid flow processing, are They have the drawbacks of wrinkles, breakage especially in the case of non-woven fabrics that are weakly rubbed and abraded, and high drying costs. In addition, the method of increasing bulk and flexibility by raising the surface has the disadvantage that it is difficult to obtain an effect unless it is repeated many times, resulting in poor productivity and the fact that the fibers on the surface are cut and weakened. The method using a softener has the drawback that it requires high costs for applying and drying the drug, and also requires consideration of the safety of the drug. water,
Or, in non-woven fabrics that use air to entangle single fibers,
Although it is easy to develop bulkiness, it has the disadvantage that the strength of the nonwoven fabric is weak.
【０００３】更に特開昭５０−２９８７８７号公報には
、不織布に高温気体を吹きつけることにより不織布を部
分的に融着するかあるいは小孔を形成させる柔軟性、嵩
高性に富んだ不織布の製法が開示されている。しかしこ
の製法では、熱風で不織布の繊維間が融着しており、得
られる不織布の嵩高性が不充分である。Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-298787 discloses a method for producing a nonwoven fabric with high flexibility and bulk, in which the nonwoven fabric is partially fused or small holes are formed by blowing high temperature gas onto the nonwoven fabric. is disclosed. However, in this manufacturing method, the fibers of the nonwoven fabric are fused by hot air, and the bulkiness of the obtained nonwoven fabric is insufficient.
【０００４】0004
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明の目的は、嵩高
で柔軟性に富み、且つ強伸度の優れた不織布シートの製
法を提供するものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a nonwoven fabric sheet that is bulky, highly flexible, and has excellent strength and elongation.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】すなわち本発明は、熱可
塑性合成繊維を含む長繊維不織布に、直径０．０５〜５
ｍｍで、該不織布の融点以上の温度に加熱した突起物に
よって該不織布の全表面積の０．２〜２０％の割合で穴
を形成させた後、穴を形成させた後の不織布の破断応力
の５０〜９５％の応力で延伸することを特徴とする嵩高
不織布シートの製造方法、である。[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, the present invention provides a long fiber nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers with a diameter of 0.05 to 5 mm.
mm, after forming holes at a rate of 0.2 to 20% of the total surface area of the nonwoven fabric by protrusions heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the nonwoven fabric, the breaking stress of the nonwoven fabric after forming the holes. This is a method for producing a bulky nonwoven fabric sheet, which is characterized by stretching with a stress of 50 to 95%.
【０００６】本発明の製法に用いられる熱可塑性合成繊
維を含む長繊維不織布としては、例えば、ポリプロピレ
ン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド等を含み、ピンエンボス
ロール等により部分熱圧着を施すスパンボンド法や、熱
風により全面圧着するヒートボンド法、熱風により部分
圧着するサーマルボンド法によって得られる不織布等が
挙げられる。不織布中に含まれる熱可塑性合成繊維の含
有率は６５％以上が好ましい。[0006] The long-fiber nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers used in the production method of the present invention includes, for example, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, etc., and can be fabricated by spunbonding, which involves partial thermocompression bonding using a pin embossing roll, or by hot air. Examples include nonwoven fabrics obtained by a heat bonding method in which the entire surface is crimped, and a thermal bonding method in which a portion is crimped with hot air. The content of thermoplastic synthetic fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric is preferably 65% or more.
【０００７】本発明の製法は、上記不織布に、直径０．
０５〜５ｍｍで、該不織布の融点以上の温度に加熱した
突起物によって上記不織布の全表面積の０．２〜２０％
の割合で穴あけ加工することを特徴とする。この穴あけ
加工を施こすことにより不織布は穴の部分の熱可塑性繊
維間が溶融接着される。突起物の加熱温度は、不織布に
含まれる熱可塑性繊維間が相互に融着接合し、ポリマー
の分解、燃焼が発生しない範囲であれば特に限定されな
い。[0007] The manufacturing method of the present invention provides the above-mentioned nonwoven fabric with a diameter of 0.
05 to 5 mm, and 0.2 to 20% of the total surface area of the nonwoven fabric by the protrusions heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the nonwoven fabric.
It is characterized by drilling at a rate of . By performing this hole-drilling process, the thermoplastic fibers in the hole portions of the nonwoven fabric are melted and bonded together. The heating temperature of the protrusions is not particularly limited as long as the thermoplastic fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric are fused and bonded to each other and the polymer does not decompose or burn.
【０００８】突起物は直径０．０５〜５ｍｍ、好ましく
は１〜３ｍｍを有する。直径が５ｍｍを越えると穴あけ
加工時に突起部を不織布に押し込む圧力を高くする必要
がある上に、穴部、つまり溶融部が不織布中に占める割
合が高くなり、硬い触感となり好ましくない。一方、直
径が０．０５ｍｍより小さいと、突起部の押し込み時の
不織布の吸熱により突起部の温度低下が激しく、所定の
温度コントロールが困難となり、繊維間の融着接合が不
充分となる。また、不織布に突起物を押し込んだ際、突
起物が曲がったり折れたりするトラブルが発生するので
好ましくない。[0008] The projections have a diameter of 0.05 to 5 mm, preferably 1 to 3 mm. If the diameter exceeds 5 mm, it is necessary to increase the pressure to push the projection into the nonwoven fabric during the drilling process, and the proportion of the hole, that is, the melted part, in the nonwoven fabric increases, resulting in a hard feel, which is undesirable. On the other hand, if the diameter is smaller than 0.05 mm, the temperature of the protrusion will drop sharply due to heat absorption by the nonwoven fabric when the protrusion is pushed in, making it difficult to control the temperature to a predetermined temperature, resulting in insufficient fusion bonding between the fibers. Further, when the protrusions are pushed into the nonwoven fabric, the protrusions may bend or break, which is not preferable.
【０００９】穴あけ加工の割合は、（穴面積／不織布表
面積）（％）で表わされ、本発明の製法ではこれを０．
２〜２０％、好ましくは０．５〜１０％にすることによ
り、不織布に地厚感、ソフト感および強力を与えること
ができる。次に本発明の製法は、上記穴あけ加工した後
の不織布を該不織布の破断応力の５０〜９５％、好まし
くは８０〜９０％の応力で延伸することを特徴とする。
この様に不織布面に対して水平な応力をかけることによ
って、穴部（融着接合部）を破壊することなく不織布に
ボリューム感が出る。特に、ピンエンボスロール等によ
ってつけられた部分熱圧着部を有する不織布の場合も、
熱圧着部の繊維拘束を外し、ボリューム感を出すことが
可能である。The ratio of hole drilling is expressed as (hole area/nonwoven fabric surface area) (%), and in the manufacturing method of the present invention, this is 0.
By adjusting the content to 2 to 20%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, the nonwoven fabric can be given a thick feel, a soft feel, and strength. Next, the manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized in that the nonwoven fabric after the above hole-drilling process is stretched at a stress of 50 to 95%, preferably 80 to 90%, of the breaking stress of the nonwoven fabric. By applying horizontal stress to the surface of the nonwoven fabric in this manner, a voluminous feel is created in the nonwoven fabric without destroying the holes (fused joints). In particular, in the case of nonwoven fabrics that have partial thermocompression bonded parts attached using pin embossing rolls, etc.
It is possible to create a voluminous feel by removing the fiber restriction in the thermocompression bonded area.
【００１０】応力が穴あけ加工した後の不織布の５０％
未満では、ピンエンボスロール等によってつけられた熱
圧着部の繊維拘束が外れない為好ましくない。一方、応
力が９５％を越えると、延伸時に不織布の切断が頻発し
、工業的に安定しない為好ましくない。延伸は、繰り返
し行なうとより嵩高、ソフトな風合の不織布ができる。[0010] 50% of the nonwoven fabric after stress is perforated
If it is less than that, it is not preferable because the fiber binding at the thermocompression bonded part applied by a pin embossing roll or the like cannot be released. On the other hand, if the stress exceeds 95%, the nonwoven fabric will frequently break during stretching, making it industrially unstable, which is not preferable. If stretching is repeated, a nonwoven fabric with higher bulk and soft texture can be obtained.
【００１１】[0011]
【実施例】次に本発明を実施例によって更に詳細に説明
する。EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be explained in more detail by way of examples.
【００１２】0012
【実施例１〜３】目付が１００ｇ／ｍ２ のポリプロピ
レンスパンボンドを２８０℃に加熱した直径１．５ｍｍ
の針にて、縦、横方向に５ｍｍのピッチ間隔で穴あけ加
工を行った。この不織布を縦方向に種々の延伸応力で延
伸加工をし、実施例１〜３とし、その強伸度、厚み、柔
軟性、圧縮率を表１に示す。[Examples 1 to 3] Polypropylene spunbond with a basis weight of 100 g/m2 is heated to 280°C and has a diameter of 1.5 mm.
Holes were punched at pitch intervals of 5 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions using a needle. This nonwoven fabric was stretched in the longitudinal direction with various stretching stresses to give Examples 1 to 3, and the strength, elongation, thickness, flexibility, and compressibility are shown in Table 1.
【００１３】なお、強伸度、厚み、柔軟性、圧縮率の測
定法を以下に示す。
＜強伸度＞不織布試験法（ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６）
による。
＜厚 み＞不織布試験法（ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６
）による。
＜柔軟性＞ＪＩＳ Ｌ １０９６ 剛軟性Ａ法
（４５°カンチレバー法）による。
＜圧縮率＞不織布シートの０．５ｇ／ｃｍ２ 荷重時の
厚みＤ（ｍｍ）及び５０ｇ／ｃｍ２ 荷重時の厚みｄ（
ｍｍ）を測定し、下式で圧縮率を求める。[0013]Methods for measuring strength and elongation, thickness, flexibility, and compressibility are shown below. <Strength and elongation> Nonwoven fabric test method (JIS L 1096)
by. <Thickness> Nonwoven fabric test method (JIS L 1096
)by. <Flexibility> JIS L 1096 Flexibility A method
(45° cantilever method). <Compressibility> Thickness D (mm) of nonwoven fabric sheet when loaded with 0.5 g/cm2 and thickness d (mm) when loaded with 50 g/cm2
mm) and find the compression ratio using the formula below.
【００１４】圧縮率（％）＝（Ｄ−ｄ）／Ｄ×１００Compression rate (%)=(D-d)/D×100
【
００１５】[
0015
【比較例１，２】実施例と同じ不織布に対し穴あけ加工
、延伸加工もしないものを比較例１、穴あけ加工はせず
に延伸加工を応力５０％で行ったものを比較例２とし、
これらの強伸度、厚み、柔軟性を同じく表１に示す。実
施例１〜３の不織布は、厚みがあって柔軟性があり、か
つ強伸度共に優れたものであるのに対し、比較例２の不
織布は、比較例１の不織布の厚みが０．７８ｍｍであっ
たものが延伸加工することにより厚みは０．８８〜０．
９８ｍｍと肉厚になり、かつ柔軟化しているのに、強伸
度が劣るものとなった。[Comparative Examples 1 and 2] Comparative Example 1 is the same nonwoven fabric as in the example without drilling or stretching, and Comparative Example 2 is a nonwoven fabric that is stretched at 50% stress without drilling.
The strength and elongation, thickness, and flexibility of these materials are also shown in Table 1. The nonwoven fabrics of Examples 1 to 3 are thick and flexible, and have excellent strength and elongation, whereas the nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 2 has a thickness of 0.78 mm compared to the nonwoven fabric of Comparative Example 1. However, by stretching, the thickness is reduced to 0.88~0.
Although it had a wall thickness of 98 mm and was flexible, its strength and elongation were inferior.
【００１６】[0016]
【比較例３〜１１】目付１００ｇ／ｍ２ のポリプロピ
レンスパンボンドを２８０℃に加熱した直径１．５ｍｍ
の針にて縦、横方向に５ｍｍピッチの間隔に穴明け加工
を行ったものをピンエンボスロールによる揉み加工を行
い比較例３〜１１とした。これらの強伸度、厚み、柔軟
性を表２に示す。[Comparative Examples 3 to 11] Polypropylene spunbond with a basis weight of 100 g/m2 heated to 280°C with a diameter of 1.5 mm
Comparative Examples 3 to 11 were obtained by punching holes at intervals of 5 mm in the vertical and horizontal directions using a needle, and then rolling them with a pin embossing roll. Table 2 shows their strength, elongation, thickness, and flexibility.
【００１７】ピンエンボスロールによる揉み加工におけ
る嵩高柔軟化については、揉み加工によって繊維間結合
力が低下して強力の劣化がみられ、特に両面加工をした
ものがこの影響が激しいものであった。[0017] Regarding bulkiness and flexibility caused by rolling with a pin embossing roll, rolling reduced the bonding strength between fibers and resulted in a deterioration in strength, and this effect was particularly severe in those processed on both sides.
【００１８】[0018]
【表１】[Table 1]
【００１９】[0019]
【表２】[Table 2]
【００２０】[0020]
【発明の効果】本発明の嵩高不織布シートの製法によれ
ば、嵩高性、柔軟性、強伸度の優れた不織布が得られる
ものであり、この不織布は、破断応力や嵩高性が要求さ
れる種々の分野への適用が可能である。[Effects of the Invention] According to the method for producing a bulky nonwoven fabric sheet of the present invention, a nonwoven fabric with excellent bulkiness, flexibility, and strength and elongation can be obtained. It can be applied to various fields.
【図１】本発明の製法で得られる嵩高不織布シートの断
面図を示す。FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a bulky nonwoven fabric sheet obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention.
１……不織布シートを構成している繊維２……熱針によ
る溶融穴部1... Fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric sheet 2... Molten holes by hot needles
Claims (1)
に、直径０．０５〜５ｍｍで、該不織布の融点以上の温
度に加熱した突起物によって該不織布の全表面積の０．
２〜２０％の割合で穴を形成させた後、穴を形成させた
後の不織布の破断応力の５０〜９５％の応力で延伸する
ことを特徴とする嵩高不織布シートの製造方法。1. A long-fiber nonwoven fabric containing thermoplastic synthetic fibers is coated with protrusions having a diameter of 0.05 to 5 mm and heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the nonwoven fabric to reduce the total surface area of the nonwoven fabric by 0.00%.
A method for producing a bulky nonwoven fabric sheet, which comprises forming holes at a ratio of 2 to 20%, and then stretching at a stress of 50 to 95% of the breaking stress of the nonwoven fabric after forming the holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP40670590A JP2981291B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Method for producing bulky nonwoven sheet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP40670590A JP2981291B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Method for producing bulky nonwoven sheet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04222265A true JPH04222265A (en) | 1992-08-12 |
| JP2981291B2 JP2981291B2 (en) | 1999-11-22 |
Family
ID=18516326
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP40670590A Expired - Fee Related JP2981291B2 (en) | 1990-12-26 | 1990-12-26 | Method for producing bulky nonwoven sheet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2981291B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5484641A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1996-01-16 | Rotter; Martin J. | Process for fixing plastic reinforcing pins into non-woven filamentary material and product produced by the process |
| WO2005056902A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-23 | Nagoya Oilchemical Co., Ltd. | Stretchable nonwoven fabric |
| WO2009136378A2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Velcro Industries B.V. | Securing a fabric mold liner |
| WO2013044822A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | 江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司 | Non-woven cloth applied to motor vehicle interior trim |
| US10661546B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2020-05-26 | certoplast Technische Klebebaender GmbH | Method of making adhesive tape for wrapping cables |
-
1990
- 1990-12-26 JP JP40670590A patent/JP2981291B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5484641A (en) * | 1993-11-01 | 1996-01-16 | Rotter; Martin J. | Process for fixing plastic reinforcing pins into non-woven filamentary material and product produced by the process |
| WO2005056902A1 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2005-06-23 | Nagoya Oilchemical Co., Ltd. | Stretchable nonwoven fabric |
| WO2009136378A2 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2009-11-12 | Velcro Industries B.V. | Securing a fabric mold liner |
| WO2009136378A3 (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2010-04-01 | Velcro Industries B.V. | Securing a fabric mold liner |
| WO2013044822A1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-04-04 | 江苏紫荆花纺织科技股份有限公司 | Non-woven cloth applied to motor vehicle interior trim |
| US10661546B2 (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2020-05-26 | certoplast Technische Klebebaender GmbH | Method of making adhesive tape for wrapping cables |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2981291B2 (en) | 1999-11-22 |
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