JPH04208135A - Physiological condition sensing device - Google Patents

Physiological condition sensing device

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Publication number
JPH04208135A
JPH04208135A JP2339951A JP33995190A JPH04208135A JP H04208135 A JPH04208135 A JP H04208135A JP 2339951 A JP2339951 A JP 2339951A JP 33995190 A JP33995190 A JP 33995190A JP H04208135 A JPH04208135 A JP H04208135A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
earphone
physiological state
alpha
skin
wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP2339951A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3156160B2 (en
Inventor
Hiroyasu Sato
佐藤 裕保
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to JP33995190A priority Critical patent/JP3156160B2/en
Publication of JPH04208135A publication Critical patent/JPH04208135A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3156160B2 publication Critical patent/JP3156160B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To sense brain waves only through fitting an earphone to the ear by furnishing a physiolosipal condition sensor in that part of earphone or any earphone-shaped member which contacts the skin. CONSTITUTION:An earphone 10 equipped with a sound emitting element 77 has an insertion part 12 to an earhole, and this part 12 is provided with a pair of electrodes 13, 13, which are connected to an alpha-wave sensor 20 through wirings 14, 14. This alpha-wave sensor 20 is fitted with an amplifier 21, band-pass filter 22, comparator 23, and tone signal generator 24, the last named being connected to the sound emitting element 77 of the earphone 10 through wirings 15, 15. That is, it is practicable to locate a physiological condition sensor according to the invention in that part of earphone 10 which contacts the skin. This enables easy performance of mental concentration using sensing of the alpha-wave state, or continuous measuring of the physical temp., blood pressure, etc.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 産業上の利用分野 本発明は、脳波や体温、血圧等の生理状態検出体 る。[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications The present invention detects physiological conditions such as brain waves, body temperature, and blood pressure. Ru.

従来の技術 従来より、精神統一をしている状態と、脳波り才3ける
α波が検出される状態とは相関関係の高いことが知られ
ている。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION It has been known that there is a high correlation between a state of mental unity and a state in which alpha waves, which are detected by brain waves, are detected.

そこでこのことを利用して、精神を集中させる訓練など
をする際に、バイオフィードバック装;?1′等と称さ
れる、α波状態を検出して精神統一の程度を知らせるこ
とにより、精神状態の膚1図的な制御を補助する装置が
用いられることがある2゜この種の装置4は、いわゆる
ヘン1〜バンドなどと称される電極乞備えたベル1−分
頭部に装着したり、洗濯ばさみ状の電極で耳たぶを挟む
などして、脳波や筋電位、皮膚間抵抗等を計測し、これ
らが所定の状態であるかとうかを検出することなとによ
っで、α波状態などを検出するようになっている。そし
てα波状態が検出されると、例えばトーン音声などをス
ピーカから発生し、使用者にその旨な知らせるようにな
っている。
Therefore, using this fact, biofeedback equipment is used when training to concentrate the mind. A device called ``1'etc.'' is sometimes used that assists in graphical control of the mental state by detecting the alpha wave state and informing the degree of mental unity2゜This type of device 4 It is possible to measure brain waves, myoelectric potential, and skin-to-skin resistance by attaching an electrode called a so-called Hen 1 band to the head, or by pinching the earlobe with a clothespin-shaped electrode. etc., and detect whether these are in a predetermined state or not, thereby detecting an alpha wave state, etc. When an alpha wave state is detected, a tone sound or the like is generated from the speaker to notify the user.

すなわち、使用者が、とのような感覚でα波状態になっ
たかを知ることによって、f+¥極的に精神統一をしや
すくなるようになっている。
In other words, by knowing whether or not the user has entered the alpha wave state through the sensation of , it becomes easier for the user to unify his or her mind.

また近年、電子技術の発達により、体温や血圧等を簡便
に1;1測する装;6が多く用いられている。
In addition, in recent years, with the development of electronic technology, devices that easily measure body temperature, blood pressure, etc. 1:1 have come into widespread use.

この種の装置は、x、:、 rαゼン倶や圧電素r・等
を(1’riiλた検出装置を腕や指に装着するだけで
、容易に体温や血圧等を4測し得るようになっている。
This type of device can easily measure body temperature, blood pressure, etc. by simply attaching a detection device such as x, :, rα, piezoelectric element, etc. to the arm or finger. It has become.

発明が解決しようとする課題 しかしながら、上記従来のバイオフィードバック装置等
では、ヘッドバンドや洗濯ばさみ状の電極など、比較的
大がかりな装置を頭部などに装着する必要がある。その
ために、α波の検出装置自体は比較的小型化力< ’H
4f能であるにもかかわらず、例えば重重の中など、人
IIにつくようなところに携帯して使用することは困難
であるという問題点を有していた。
Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the conventional biofeedback devices and the like described above, it is necessary to attach a relatively large-scale device such as a headband or clothespin-shaped electrodes to the head or the like. For this reason, the alpha wave detection device itself has the ability to be relatively miniaturized.
Although it is a 4F function, it has the problem that it is difficult to carry and use it in a place where it will come close to a person, such as inside a heavy truck.

また、体温や血圧等を1:目Ill装置も、比較的大が
かりな装置を指や腕に装着する必要があるため、継続的
な計測を行って日常生活における定常状態や変化状態等
を知ることなどは困難であるという間廊点を右していた
In addition, since the 1:Ill device that measures body temperature, blood pressure, etc. requires a relatively large device to be attached to the finger or arm, it is necessary to continuously measure the temperature and blood pressure to know the steady state and changing state in daily life. It was difficult to locate the corridor.

本発明は、−I−記の点に鑑み、人「1を気にしたりす
ることなくα波状態の検出を利用した精神統一や、体温
、血圧等の継続的な、11測を容易に行えるようにする
生理状態検出センサ装置の提供を1−1的としている。
In view of the points mentioned in -I-, the present invention makes it easy for a person to unify his or her mind using detection of alpha wave state without worrying about ``1'', and to continuously measure body temperature, blood pressure, etc. The object of the present invention is to provide a physiological state detection sensor device that enables the following.

課題を解決するための手段 1−記目的を達成するため、本発明は、人体の生理状態
を検出する生理状態検出センサ装置であって、生理状態
検出体が、イアフォンにおける皮IりIとの接触部位に
設けられていることな特徴としている。
Means for Solving the Problems 1 - In order to achieve the object, the present invention provides a physiological state detection sensor device for detecting the physiological state of a human body, in which the physiological state detection body is connected to the skin of the earphone. The feature is that it is provided at the contact area.

また、人体の生理状態を検出する生理状態検出センサ装
置であって、生理状態検出体が、イアフォン形状部材に
おむづる皮Inとの接触部位に設けられていることを特
徴としている。
The present invention is also a physiological state detection sensor device for detecting the physiological state of a human body, and is characterized in that a physiological state detection body is provided at a contact site with the skin In of the earphone-shaped member.

また、人体の生理状態を検出する生理状態検出センサ装
置であって、2つのイアフォンと、前記2つのイアフォ
ンを連結する連結部材と、前毒3連結部+4に配設され
た導電性検出線とを(1::iえたことを特徴としてい
る。
The physiological state detection sensor device detects the physiological state of a human body, and includes two earphones, a connecting member that connects the two earphones, and a conductive detection wire disposed at the connecting portion 3+4. (1::i).

作    用 −4−記の構成によオしば、イアフォンやイアフォノ形
状部+Aな耳に装着するだけで、皮膚との接触部位に設
けられた生理状態検出体やイアフォンの連結部+4に配
設された導電性検出線を介して、脳波や筋電位、皮膚間
抵抗、また、体温や血圧などを計測することができる。
According to the configuration described in Operation-4-, simply by wearing the earphone or earphone shape part + A on the ear, the physiological state detector provided at the contact site with the skin and the connecting part of the earphone +4 can be used. Electroencephalograms, myoelectric potential, skin resistance, body temperature, blood pressure, etc. can be measured through the conductive detection wires.

第1実施例 第1図は本発明の生理状態検出センサ装置が適用された
バイオフィードバック装置の構成を示す構成図である。
First Embodiment FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a biofeedback device to which the physiological state detection sensor device of the present invention is applied.

発音体11を備えたイアフォン10には耳孔への挿入部
12が設けられ、この挿入部]2には、1対の電極13
・13が設けられている。−1−記電極13・13ば、
結線14・14を介してα波検出器20に接続されてい
る。
The earphone 10 equipped with the sounding body 11 is provided with an insertion section 12 for insertion into the ear canal, and this insertion section]2 has a pair of electrodes 13.
・13 are provided. -1- electrodes 13, 13,
It is connected to an alpha wave detector 20 via connections 14 and 14.

α波検出器20ば、アンプ21、例えば10 H2程度
の周波数成分を通過させるバンドパスフィルタ22、バ
ンドパスフィルタ22からの出力が所定以−にのレベル
になったことを検出するコンパレータ23、才Cよび1
−−ンイ1;号・発生器24が、没けられて構成されて
いる。1−−ン伝号発生器24は、結線15・15を介
してoff記イアフォン10の発音体11に接続されて
いる。
The alpha wave detector 20 includes an amplifier 21, a bandpass filter 22 that passes a frequency component of, for example, about 10H2, a comparator 23 that detects when the output from the bandpass filter 22 reaches a predetermined level. C and 1
--The generator 24 is constructed in a sunken manner. The 1--tone signal generator 24 is connected to the sounding body 11 of the earphone 10 via connections 15 and 15.

−4−記の構成において、イアフオン10の挿入部1−
2を耳孔に挿入すると、電極13・13は耳孔の内壁に
接触し、これら電極13・13間に筋電等に基づく電位
差が発生する。この電位差は脳波との相関関係を有して
いるので、アンプ21で増幅した後、α波状態の成分だ
けがバンドパスフィルタ22から出力さお、コンパレー
タ23に入力される。そこで、α波状態の成分があらか
じめ設定された所定のレベル以上になると、コンパレー
夕2;3がONになり、I−−ンイ1:号発ノl: ’
Ai+ 24がイ1動して、発E(、体11から1−−
−ン音声が発せらtLるイアフォン10を装着している
人は、上記トーン音声か発せられるときの感覚を習得し
、意図的に同様の感覚状態になることにより、精神統一
・をしやすくなることができる。
In the configuration described in -4-, the insertion portion 1- of the earphone 10
2 is inserted into the ear canal, the electrodes 13 come into contact with the inner wall of the ear canal, and a potential difference based on myoelectricity or the like is generated between the electrodes 13. Since this potential difference has a correlation with brain waves, after being amplified by the amplifier 21, only the α wave state component is output from the band pass filter 22 and input to the comparator 23. Therefore, when the alpha wave state component exceeds a preset level, comparators 2 and 3 are turned on, and
Ai+ 24 moves I1 and emits E (, 1-- from body 11
A person wearing an earphone 10 that emits a tone sound will learn the feeling when the tone sound is emitted, and by intentionally entering into a similar sensory state, it will be easier to unify the mind. be able to.

な才S、コンパレータ23の出カイ、1吟を+、記のよ
うに1ヘ一ン信壮発生器24に人力するのに代えて、テ
ープレコーダコ31のリモーI〜端子に人力し、α波状
態になったときに、例えば暗記したい莢単語なと什録音
した1゛f声を再生させ才しば、効率的な1旺記をする
こともできる。
When the output of the comparator 23 is +, instead of manually inputting it to the 1st generation generator 24 as described above, input it manually to the remote I~ terminal of the tape recorder 31, and α When you are in a wave state, for example, if you play back the 1゛f voice that you have recorded for the word you want to memorize, you can memorize words efficiently.

また、テープレコーダ31からあr)かしめ瞑想に耽り
ゃすいrf楽等を発生するようにしてもよいまた、上記
イアフォン10に代えて、発音体11を備えていないイ
アフォン形状部材に電極123・13だ(Jを設けたも
のを用い、α波状態が検出されたときには、他のスピー
カからトーン音声等を発生させたりα波検出器20内蔵
の発行人Y−舊?点滅させたりしてもよい。
Furthermore, the tape recorder 31 may be configured to generate RF music, etc. for indulging in crimping meditation.Also, instead of the earphone 10, the electrodes 123 and 13 may be attached to an earphone-shaped member not provided with the sounding body 11. (When an α-wave state is detected by using a device equipped with J, it is also possible to generate a tone sound etc. from another speaker or make it blink with a built-in α-wave detector 20. .

また、電極13・13[よ、上記のよう番こ直線状のも
のに限らず、例えば第2図に示すように、同心状の電極
41−・41化設けたものでもよいし、さらには、第3
図に示すように、]一対のイアフオン3−0・10にそ
れぞ扛1つずつの電極42・42を設けたものなどでも
よい。
In addition, the electrodes 13 and 13 are not limited to the straight lines as described above, but may be concentric electrodes 41 and 41, as shown in FIG. Third
As shown in the figure, a pair of earphones 3-0 and 10 may be provided with one electrode 42 and 42, respectively.

さらに、イアフォン10・10は1−記のように挿入部
12・12が形成されたものに限らず、例えば第4図に
示すように、いわゆるインイアタイプと称される形状の
ものなどでもよい。
Furthermore, the earphones 10, 10 are not limited to those in which the insertion portions 12, 12 are formed as shown in 1-, but may be of a so-called in-ear type, as shown in FIG. 4, for example. .

また、電極1−3・・・が接続される機器は1;記のよ
うなα波検出器20に限らず、例えば微弱電流を流して
電極13・・・間の電気抵抗を51測して発汗状態等を
検知するなどして、種々の生111Jj状態を検出する
ものなどでもよい。
In addition, the device to which the electrodes 1-3... are connected is not limited to the α-wave detector 20 as described in 1; for example, the electrical resistance between the electrodes 13... It may also be possible to detect various conditions such as sweating or the like.

第2実施例 第5図は、サーミスタおよび圧電歯−r−を有する生理
状態検出センサが設けられた体温・脈拍・血圧計の構成
殻示す構成図である。なお、1)02第1実施例と同様
の機能を有する部材については、同一の番号を付してそ
の説明を省略する。
Embodiment 2 FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of a body temperature/pulse/sphygmomanometer equipped with a physiological state detection sensor having a thermistor and piezoelectric teeth -r. Note that members having the same functions as those in the 1)02 first embodiment are given the same numbers and their explanations are omitted.

イアフォン50の挿入部12には、サーミスタ51と圧
電素子52とが設けられている。こオしらのサーミスタ
51および圧電歯T・52は、それぞれ結線14・・・
を介して、体温・脈拍・1f11圧計61に接続されて
いる。
The insertion portion 12 of the earphone 50 is provided with a thermistor 51 and a piezoelectric element 52. The thermistor 51 and the piezoelectric teeth T and 52 are each connected to the wire 14...
It is connected to body temperature/pulse/1f11 pressure gauge 61 via.

■―記体温・脈拍・血圧計61は、周知の電子回路によ
って体温、脈拍数、および血圧を11測するようになっ
ている。また、計測値を記憶するとともに、hU記α波
状態の検出等を行ってl−−ン信号などを発生したり、
計測値が例えは高血圧状態になったときに警告音を発生
したりするようになっている。
- Recording Body temperature/pulse/sphygmomanometer 61 measures body temperature, pulse rate, and blood pressure using a well-known electronic circuit. In addition to storing the measured values, it also detects the alpha wave state described in hU and generates a l--on signal, etc.
It is designed to generate a warning sound when the measured value indicates, for example, high blood pressure.

上記の構成においても、前記第1実施例と同様にイアフ
ォン50を耳に装着するだけで、生理状態を示す38:
’I;:の継続的な計測等を容易に行うことができるの
で、健康管理等に有効に利用することができる。
In the above configuration as well, just by wearing the earphone 50 in the ear, the physiological state can be detected as in the first embodiment.
'I;: can be easily measured continuously, so it can be effectively used for health management, etc.

第3実施例 第6図は、本発明の第23実施例に係る生理状j爪検出
センサ装置の構成を示す斜視図である。
Third Embodiment FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of a physiological nail detection sensor device according to a twenty-third embodiment of the present invention.

それぞれ発音体71・71を備えた1対のイアフォン7
0・70は、連結部材72・72を介して接続されてい
る。上記連結部材72・72は、ビン73・73を介し
てイアフォン70・70 Lこ回動自在に取り付けられ
、互いになす角度を可変し得るようになっている。連結
部材72・72のうちの一方には導電性検出線74が設
けられ、図示しない脳波検出装置に接続されている。
A pair of earphones 7 each equipped with sounding bodies 71 and 71
0 and 70 are connected via connecting members 72 and 72. The connecting members 72, 72 are rotatably attached to the earphones 70, 70L via pins 73, 73, so that the angle between them can be varied. A conductive detection line 74 is provided on one of the connecting members 72, 72, and is connected to an electroencephalogram detection device (not shown).

上記生理状態検出センサ装置を、イアフォン70・70
が両耳の付近に位置するように装着すると、導電性検出
線74には、脳波に起因する誘導電流または電磁波tこ
よろ電流が流れ、脳波検出装置によってα波状態等を検
出することができる。
The above physiological state detection sensor device is used in earphones 70 and 70.
When worn so that it is positioned near both ears, an induced current or electromagnetic wave current caused by brain waves flows through the conductive detection wire 74, and the brain wave detection device can detect alpha wave states, etc. .

上記のような生理状態検出センサ装置によれはゝ、連結
部材72・72をイアフォン70・70に対して回動さ
せることができるので、同電性検出線74を例えば脳の
前頭葉付近に位置さゼるなとして、効率よく脳波を検出
することができる。。
According to the physiological state detection sensor device as described above, since the connecting members 72, 72 can be rotated with respect to the earphones 70, 70, the isoelectric detection wire 74 can be positioned near the frontal lobe of the brain, for example. Brain waves can be detected efficiently. .

発明の効果 以」―説明したように、本発明によれば、イアフォンや
イアフォン形状部十才における皮IfIとの接触部位に
生理状態検出体が設けられ、またはイアフォンの連結部
椙に導電性検出線が配設されていることによって、イア
フオンを耳に装着するだけで脳波の検出等を行うことが
できるので、例えば電車の中などでも、人11を気にす
ることなく容易に精神統一の訓練などを行ったり、継続
的に体温や血圧等を計測したりすることが容易にできる
という効果を奏する。
As described above, according to the present invention, a physiological state detector is provided at the earphone or the contact area of the earphone shape with the skin IfI, or a conductive detector is provided at the connecting portion of the earphone. Because the wires are arranged, it is possible to detect brain waves just by wearing the earphones in your ears, so you can easily practice mental concentration even on a train, for example, without worrying about other people. This has the effect of making it easy to carry out such tasks and continuously measure body temperature, blood pressure, etc.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の第1実施例に係るバイオフィードバッ
ク装置の構成な示す構成図、第2図はイアフォンの他の
例を示す斜視図、第3図はイアフォンのさらに他の例を
示す斜視図、第4図はイアフオンのさらに他の例を示す
斜視図、第5図は本発明の第2実施例に係る体温・脈拍
・血圧計の構成を示す構成図、第6図は本発明の第3実
施例に係る生理状態検出センサ装置の構成を示す斜視図
である。 10・50・70・・・イアフオン、13・41・42
・・電極、5]−・・・ザーミスタ、52・・・圧電素
子、72・・心電性検出線
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a biofeedback device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing another example of the earphone, and Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing still another example of the earphone. 4 is a perspective view showing still another example of the earphone, FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing the configuration of a body temperature/pulse/sphygmomanometer according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another example of the earphone. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a physiological state detection sensor device according to a third example. 10.50.70...Iafon, 13.41.42
...electrode, 5]-...thermistor, 52...piezoelectric element, 72...cardiac detection wire

Claims (3)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)人体の生理状態を検出する生理状態検出センサ装
置であって、 生理状態検出体が、イアフォンにおける皮膚との接触部
位に設けられていることを特徴とする生理状態検出セン
サ装置。
(1) A physiological state detection sensor device for detecting the physiological state of a human body, characterized in that a physiological state detection body is provided at a portion of an earphone that comes into contact with the skin.
(2)人体の生理状態を検出する生理状態検出センサ装
置であって、 生理状態検出体が、イアフォン形状部材における皮膚と
の接触部位に設けられていることを特徴とする生理状態
検出センサ装置。
(2) A physiological state detection sensor device for detecting the physiological state of a human body, wherein the physiological state detection body is provided at a portion of an earphone-shaped member that comes into contact with the skin.
(3)人体の生理状態を検出する生理状態検出センサ装
置であって、 2つのイアフォンと、 前記2つのイアフォンを連結する連結部材と、前記連結
部材に配設された導電性検出線と を備えたことを特徴とする生理状態検出センサ装置。
(3) A physiological state detection sensor device that detects the physiological state of a human body, comprising two earphones, a connecting member that connects the two earphones, and a conductive detection line disposed on the connecting member. A physiological state detection sensor device characterized by:
JP33995190A 1990-11-30 1990-11-30 Physiological condition detection sensor device Expired - Fee Related JP3156160B2 (en)

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JP2007527737A (en) * 2003-07-16 2007-10-04 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Portable electronic devices and health care systems designed to monitor a person's physiological condition
JP2007325872A (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-20 Nagaoka Univ Of Technology Biofeedback apparatus and program
JP2011514745A (en) * 2008-02-13 2011-05-06 ニューロスカイ インコーポレイテッド Audio headset with biosignal sensor
JP2011217986A (en) * 2010-04-12 2011-11-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Outer ear canal inserting type electrode and method for making the same
EP2388680A1 (en) 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Apparatus and method for controlling at least one device, a corresponding computer program and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium
JP2012530563A (en) * 2009-07-02 2012-12-06 ヴェーデクス・アクティーセルスカプ Ear plug with surface electrode
JP2018186934A (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-29 凸版印刷株式会社 Biological signal detection device and brain wave measurement method

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007527737A (en) * 2003-07-16 2007-10-04 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ Portable electronic devices and health care systems designed to monitor a person's physiological condition
JP2007325872A (en) * 2006-06-09 2007-12-20 Nagaoka Univ Of Technology Biofeedback apparatus and program
JP2011514745A (en) * 2008-02-13 2011-05-06 ニューロスカイ インコーポレイテッド Audio headset with biosignal sensor
JP2012530563A (en) * 2009-07-02 2012-12-06 ヴェーデクス・アクティーセルスカプ Ear plug with surface electrode
US9408552B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2016-08-09 Widex A/S Ear plug with surface electrodes
US11161306B2 (en) 2009-07-02 2021-11-02 T&W Engineering A/S Ear plug with surface electrodes
JP2011217986A (en) * 2010-04-12 2011-11-04 Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> Outer ear canal inserting type electrode and method for making the same
EP2388680A1 (en) 2010-05-17 2011-11-23 Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Apparatus and method for controlling at least one device, a corresponding computer program and a corresponding computer-readable storage medium
JP2018186934A (en) * 2017-04-28 2018-11-29 凸版印刷株式会社 Biological signal detection device and brain wave measurement method

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