JPH04186203A - Optical fiber cable - Google Patents
Optical fiber cableInfo
- Publication number
- JPH04186203A JPH04186203A JP2316346A JP31634690A JPH04186203A JP H04186203 A JPH04186203 A JP H04186203A JP 2316346 A JP2316346 A JP 2316346A JP 31634690 A JP31634690 A JP 31634690A JP H04186203 A JPH04186203 A JP H04186203A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- resin
- coating layer
- secondary coating
- fiber cable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010097 foam moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015067 sauces Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野］ 本発明は光ファイバケーブルに関する。[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to fiber optic cables.
〔従来の技術と発明が解決しようとする課題］ヨーロン
バ特許公開第１０８５９０号公報には、ダクト内に空気
を吹き込み、光ファイバケーブルをこのダクトに沿って
空気圧送にて送り込み布設する方法が記載されている。[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Yoromba Patent Publication No. 108590 describes a method of blowing air into a duct and feeding and laying an optical fiber cable along the duct by air pressure. ing.
また、特開昭６４−８８４１１号公報には、このような
空気圧送に使用する光ファイバケーブルが提案されてい
るが、最外層の二次被覆（外側ンース）を低密度として
発泡樹脂を用いる技術が開示されている。In addition, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-88411 proposes an optical fiber cable used for such pneumatic transport, but a technology using foamed resin with a low density secondary coating (outer sheath) as the outermost layer is proposed. is disclosed.
しかし、本発明者等が多くの実験を行ってみたが、単に
発泡樹脂を用いただけでは、数１００ｍ乃至それ以上の
長いダクト□管状進行路□に圧送することは至難であり
、特に従来の材質では圧送挿入速度□「線速」と呼ぶこ
ともある□が極めて低く、能率は良くないことが分かっ
た。However, the inventors of the present invention have conducted many experiments and found that it is extremely difficult to pump the material into a long duct □ tubular passage □ that is several hundred meters or more simply by using foamed resin, especially when using conventional materials. It was found that the pressure-feed insertion speed □, also called "linear speed" □, was extremely low and the efficiency was not good.
また、従来、発泡材料のベースレジンとしてメルトイン
デックスが２ｇ／１０分以下のものを使用して発泡樹脂
を形成するのが一般的であったが、このような従来のベ
ースレジンでは発泡押出時に二次被覆が亀裂・切損する
という問題がある。Furthermore, in the past, it was common to form foamed resins using a base resin with a melt index of 2 g/10 minutes or less as a base resin for foaming materials, but with such conventional base resins, there was a There is a problem that the coating may crack or break.
本発明はこのような点に鑑みてなされた発明であって、
二次被覆の亀裂・切損□いわゆるシース切れ□を生ずる
ことを防止し、かつ、所望の十分な発泡度が得られると
共に、圧送挿入速度（線速）が高く、高能率に長い管状
進行路内へ通線出来る光ファイバケーブルを提供するこ
とを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of these points, and includes:
It prevents cracks and breaks in the secondary coating □ and so-called sheath cuts □, provides the desired sufficient degree of foaming, has a high pumping insertion speed (linear speed), and has a long tubular path with high efficiency. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber cable that can be routed into the interior.
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
本発明は、空気圧送により管状進行路内へ挿入布設する
光ファイバケーブルに於て、最外層を成す二次被覆層が
、発泡ポリエチレン樹脂から形成されると共に、該発泡
ポリエチレン樹脂を発泡成形するベースレジンのメルト
インデックスが、５〜２０ ｇ ／１０分のものを用い
ている。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides an optical fiber cable that is inserted and installed into a tubular traveling path by air pressure, in which a secondary coating layer forming the outermost layer is formed from a foamed polyethylene resin, and The base resin used for foam molding the foamed polyethylene resin has a melt index of 5 to 20 g/10 min.
また、最外層を成す二次被覆層を発泡樹脂にて形成する
と共に、該発泡樹脂の泡の平均径を１００〜２５０μｍ
に設定し、かつ、該発泡樹脂の表面荒さＲｍａｘを１０
０ μｍ以上に設定した。In addition, the secondary coating layer constituting the outermost layer is formed of a foamed resin, and the average diameter of the bubbles of the foamed resin is 100 to 250 μm.
and set the surface roughness Rmax of the foamed resin to 10.
It was set to 0 μm or more.
さらに、最外層を成す二次被覆層は、発泡材料のベース
レジンのメルトインデックスが５〜２０ｇ７１０分の発
泡ポリエチレン樹脂から、形成され、該発泡ポリエチレ
ン樹脂の泡の平均径を１００〜２５０μｍに設定し、か
つ、該発泡ポリエチレン樹脂の表面荒さＲｓ＋ａｘを１
００μｍ以上に設定した。Furthermore, the secondary coating layer constituting the outermost layer is formed from a foamed polyethylene resin having a melt index of 5 to 20 g710 minutes for the base resin of the foam material, and the average diameter of the foamed polyethylene resin bubbles is set to 100 to 250 μm. , and the surface roughness Rs+ax of the foamed polyethylene resin is 1
It was set to 00 μm or more.
発泡材料のメルトインデックスが、（従来の２ｇ７１０
分に比較して）十分に大きな値に設定したから、発泡成
形時に、二次被覆の部分的切損（シース切れ）を生しな
い。The melt index of the foam material is (conventional 2g710)
Since the value is set to a sufficiently large value (compared to 10 minutes), partial breakage of the secondary coating (sheath breakage) will not occur during foam molding.
しかも、空気圧送のためには密度を下げる必要上から十
分な発泡度を要求されるが、メルトインデックスを２０
ｇ ／１０分以下とすることで、４０％以上の発泡度
が得られる。Moreover, for pneumatic conveyance, a sufficient foaming degree is required due to the need to lower the density, but the melt index is 20.
g/10 minutes or less, a foaming degree of 40% or more can be obtained.
また、二次被覆の中の泡の平均径が１００〜２５０μｍ
と極めて大きく、表面荒さＲｔａａｘが１００１１ｍ以
上として、凹凸が著しく表れており、この最外層表面の
著しい凹凸の存在により、空気圧送時、光ファイバケー
ブル表面と、空気流との！擦が著しく増加し、空気流か
ら付与される推進力は増大して、従来不可能であった長
い管状進行路内へ、従来よりも高速で通線可能となる。In addition, the average diameter of bubbles in the secondary coating is 100 to 250 μm.
It is extremely large, and the surface roughness Rtaax is 10011 m or more, which shows significant unevenness. Due to the presence of significant unevenness on the surface of the outermost layer, during air pressure feeding, the optical fiber cable surface and the air flow! The friction increases significantly and the propulsion force provided by the airflow increases, making it possible to route the wire into long tubular passages at higher speeds than previously possible.
さらに、上記最外層表面の著しい凹凸によって、空気圧
送時、境界層が発生して、管状進行路内面との摩擦は著
しく減少する。Further, due to the significant irregularities on the surface of the outermost layer, a boundary layer is generated during air pressure feeding, and the friction with the inner surface of the tubular traveling path is significantly reduced.
〔実施例］
以下、実施例について説明すると、第１図に於て、光フ
ァイバケーブルの一実施例の拡大断面図を示し、介在ひ
も１の廻りに５本の光フアイバ心線２・・・と１本の引
裂ひも３を星形に配置し、これに、ポリアミド系樹脂等
の硬くかつ高弾性の一次被覆層４にて被覆する。この上
に最外層を成す二次被覆層５を形成する。[Example] An example will be described below. FIG. 1 shows an enlarged sectional view of an example of an optical fiber cable, in which five optical fiber core wires 2... and one tear string 3 are arranged in a star shape and covered with a hard and highly elastic primary coating layer 4 made of polyamide resin or the like. A secondary coating layer 5 serving as the outermost layer is formed thereon.
光フアイバ心線２は、例えば０．２５ｍ＋直径として、
コアとクランドからなるガラス部と、これを被覆する紫
外線硬化型樹脂の層から構成される。例えば、−次被覆
層４と二次被覆層５の外径寸法を各々、１ｍ、２ｍとす
る。なお、介在ひも１を光フアイバ心線２に置換えるこ
とも自由である。The optical fiber core wire 2 is, for example, 0.25 m + diameter,
It consists of a glass part consisting of a core and a gland, and a layer of ultraviolet curing resin covering this part. For example, the outer diameter dimensions of the secondary coating layer 4 and the secondary coating layer 5 are 1 m and 2 m, respectively. Note that it is also possible to replace the intervening string 1 with the optical fiber core wire 2.
しかして、二次被覆層５は、例えば、発泡ポリエチレン
樹脂から形成されており、発泡材料のベースレジンとし
てメルトインデックスが５〜２０ｇ７１０分のポリエチ
レンを使用する。The secondary coating layer 5 is made of, for example, a foamed polyethylene resin, and polyethylene having a melt index of 5 to 20g710 is used as the base resin of the foamed material.
さらに具体的には、アブジカルボンアミドを１．０％含
む上記発泡材料を、３０ｍ＋φの押出機を用いて、（第
１図の光フアイバ心線２・・・等と一次被覆層４の上か
ら、）発泡押出を行った。成形速度は１０■／分であっ
た。More specifically, the foamed material containing 1.0% of abdicarbonamide was heated using a 30 m + φ extruder (from above the optical fiber core 2 . . . etc. in Fig. 1 and the primary coating layer 4). ,) Foam extrusion was performed. The molding speed was 10/min.
上記範囲のメルトインデックスよりも小さい値のもの及
び大きい値のものを含めて、上記条件で実際に二次被覆
層５を形成した時の、亀裂・切損（シース切れ）のを無
、及び、発泡度を、第１表に示す。但し、−次・二次被
覆層４，５の外径寸法を各々１■、２■に選定した。No cracking or breakage (sheath breakage) when the secondary coating layer 5 is actually formed under the above conditions, including those with melt index values smaller and larger than the above range, and The degree of foaming is shown in Table 1. However, the outer diameter dimensions of the negative and secondary coating layers 4 and 5 were selected to be 1 inch and 2 inch, respectively.
（以下余白）
第１表
この第１表から次のことが分かる。即ち、ベースレジン
のメルトインデックスが０．３． ２では、製造時にシ
ース切れを発生し、また、メルトインデックスが３０で
は、空気圧送用光ファイバケーブルとして十分な発泡度
□４０％以上□が得られない。そしてメルトインデック
スが９の場合、最も好適な結果となることが分かる。(Left below) Table 1 The following can be seen from Table 1. That is, the melt index of the base resin is 0.3. In No. 2, sheath breakage occurs during manufacture, and in addition, with a melt index of 30, a foaming degree of □40% or more cannot be obtained, which is sufficient for use as an optical fiber cable for pneumatic feeding. It can be seen that when the melt index is 9, the most suitable results are obtained.
結局、メルトインデックスが５〜２０ ｇ ／１０分の
ベースレジンを用いて発泡成形すれば、製造時のシース
切れが発生せず、所望の空気圧送に好適な発泡度が得ら
れることが分かった。In the end, it was found that if foam molding is carried out using a base resin with a melt index of 5 to 20 g/10 minutes, sheath breakage does not occur during production and a foaming degree suitable for desired pneumatic delivery can be obtained.
ところで、第１図でも明らかな如く、二次被覆層５内の
泡の粒径を極めて大きく形成する点及び表面荒さを著し
く粗面に形成する点が、本発明の特徴であり、泡の平均
径（基本径）を１００〜２５０μｍとすると共に、表面
荒さＲｍａｘを１００μｍ以上とする。By the way, as is clear from FIG. 1, the characteristics of the present invention are that the particle size of the bubbles in the secondary coating layer 5 is extremely large and the surface roughness is extremely rough. The diameter (basic diameter) is 100 to 250 μm, and the surface roughness Rmax is 100 μm or more.
泡の基本径が異なる発泡剤を１．０％含み、メルトイン
デックスが１０ ｇ ／１０分のポリエチレンベースレ
ジンを、３０閣φ押出機を用いて（前実施例と同様に）
−次被覆層４の上から発泡被覆（線速：Ｌｏｗ／分）し
た複数種類の光ファイバケーブル（１）〜（■）□−次
・二次被覆層４，５の外径を各々１鵬５２■に選定□に
ついて、圧送実験を行った結果を第２表に示す。圧送実
験は、直径１ｍに巻き取った、全長５００ ｍで内径６
閣のポリエチレンバイブ□管状進行路□内へ、圧力５ｋ
ｇ／ｃ＋Ｉｌの空気を送り込み、空気の流れに乗せて光
ファイバを送り出し、圧送挿入速度（線速）を計測した
。実験結果を第２表に示す。A polyethylene base resin containing 1.0% of blowing agents with different basic bubble diameters and a melt index of 10 g/10 minutes was prepared using a 30 mm diameter extruder (same as in the previous example).
- Multiple types of optical fiber cables (1) to (■) covered with foam coating (line speed: Low/min) from above the secondary coating layer 4 - The outer diameter of the secondary coating layer 4 and 5 is 1 inch each. Table 2 shows the results of a pressure feeding experiment for □ selected in 52■. In the pressure-feeding experiment, the material was wound to a diameter of 1 m, with a total length of 500 m and an inner diameter of 6.
Inside the cabinet's polyethylene vibe □ tubular passage □, pressure 5k
Air of g/c+Il was sent in, the optical fiber was sent out along with the air flow, and the pressure insertion speed (linear speed) was measured. The experimental results are shown in Table 2.
第２表
この第２表から次のことが分かる。即ち、泡の平均径が
１００μｍ未満の場合には、全く通線が出来ない（試料
ｌ）か、又は、通線出来たとしても線速か低く実用性を
欠く（試料■）かの、いずれかの結果となる。つまり、
実用上は２０ｍ／分以上の線速か要望されると考えられ
るが、この線速か、泡の平均径１００ μｍ未満では得
られない。Table 2 The following can be seen from Table 2. In other words, if the average diameter of the bubbles is less than 100 μm, either the wire cannot be passed at all (sample 1), or even if it is possible to pass the wire, the wire speed is low and it is impractical (sample 2). The result is as follows. In other words,
In practice, it is thought that a linear velocity of 20 m/min or more is required, but this linear velocity cannot be achieved at a bubble average diameter of less than 100 μm.
また、泡の平均径が２５０μｍ以上では発泡押出時にシ
ース切れが発生し、製品不良となる（試料■）。他方、
泡の平均径が１００〜２５０μｍであったとしても、表
面荒さが１００ μｍ以上にしないと所望の線速か得ら
れない（試料■）。Furthermore, if the average diameter of the bubbles is 250 μm or more, sheath breakage occurs during foam extrusion, resulting in a product defect (sample ■). On the other hand,
Even if the average diameter of the bubbles is 100 to 250 μm, the desired linear velocity cannot be obtained unless the surface roughness is 100 μm or more (sample ①).
結局、試料ＩＶ、 Ｖ、 ＶＩ、■のように、泡の平均
径を１００〜２５０μｍ、かつ、表面荒さＲｍａｘを１
００μｍ以上に、設定することで、十分な通線特性（線
速）が得られる。In the end, as in samples IV, V, VI, and
By setting the thickness to 00 μm or more, sufficient wire passing characteristics (wire speed) can be obtained.
なお、−次被覆層４の内部の光フアイバ心線２の本数の
増減は自由であると共に、その他の部材１．３の増減（
付加・省略）も自由である。また、二次被覆層５として
ボリュチレン以外の樹脂を用いることも自由である。Note that the number of optical fiber cores 2 inside the -order coating layer 4 can be increased or decreased at will, and the number of other members 1.3 can be increased or decreased (
addition/omission) is also free. Furthermore, it is also possible to use resins other than volutelene as the secondary coating layer 5.
本発明は上述の構成により、発泡成形時のソース切れが
発生せず、さらに、十分な発泡度が得られる。With the above-described structure, the present invention does not cause sauce breakage during foam molding, and furthermore, a sufficient degree of foaming can be obtained.
また、光ファイバケーブルの表面の凹凸が著しく多くか
つ大きいために、圧送空気との摩擦力が大となって、空
気流と共に走行し、通線速度が増加して、高能率に挿入
布設作業が出来る。あるいは従来は不可能であった一層
長い管状進入路内へ通線可能となった。また、表面の著
しい凹凸によって、空気圧送時に境界層が発生して、管
状進行路内面との摩擦が減少して、−層上記効果が増大
する。In addition, since the surface of the optical fiber cable has many and large irregularities, the frictional force with the compressed air increases, causing the cable to travel with the airflow, increasing the wire threading speed and allowing for highly efficient insertion and installation work. I can do it. Alternatively, it has become possible to route the wire into a longer tubular approach path, which was previously impossible. In addition, due to the significant unevenness of the surface, a boundary layer is generated during air pressure feeding, reducing friction with the inner surface of the tubular traveling path and increasing the above-mentioned effect.
第１図は本発明の一実施例を示す拡大横断面図である。 ２・・・光フアイバ心線、５・・・二次被覆層。 特 許 出 願 人 三菱を線工業株式会社第１図 ５：二ンコ フ 〕 Ｕ＆檀層 −４ニー次摺」１層 FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the present invention. 2... Optical fiber core wire, 5... Secondary coating layer. Patent applicant: Mitsubishi Line Industry Co., Ltd. Figure 1 5: Ninko centre ] U & Dan layer -4 Knee Next Print” 1 layer
Claims (1)
イバケーブルに於て、最外層を成す二次被覆層が、発泡
ポリエチレン樹脂から形成されると共に、該発泡ポリエ
チレン樹脂を発泡成形するベースレジンのメルトインデ
ックスが、５〜２０ｇ／１０分のものを用いたことを特
徴とする光ファイバケーブル。 ２、空気圧送により管状進行路内へ挿入布設する光ファ
イバケーブルに於て、最外層を成す二次被覆層を発泡樹
脂にて形成すると共に、該発泡樹脂の泡の平均径を１０
０〜２５０μｍに設定し、かつ、該発泡樹脂の表面荒さ
Ｒｍａｘを１００μｍ以上に設定したことを特徴とする
光ファイバケーブル。 ３、空気圧送により管状進行路内へ挿入布設する光ファ
イバケーブルに於て、最外層を成す二次被覆層は、発泡
材料のベースレジンのメルトインデックスが５〜２０ｇ
／１０分の発泡ポリエチレン樹脂から、形成され、該発
泡ポリエチレン樹脂の泡の平均径を１００〜２５０μｍ
に設定し、かつ、該発泡ポリエチレン樹脂の表面荒さＲ
ｍａｘを１００μｍ以上に設定したことを特徴とする光
ファイバケーブル。[Claims] 1. In an optical fiber cable inserted and installed into a tubular traveling path by pneumatic feeding, the outermost secondary coating layer is formed of a foamed polyethylene resin, and the foamed polyethylene resin is An optical fiber cable characterized in that a base resin to be foam-molded has a melt index of 5 to 20 g/10 minutes. 2. In an optical fiber cable that is inserted into a tubular traveling path by pneumatic feeding, the outermost secondary coating layer is formed of foamed resin, and the average diameter of the bubbles of the foamed resin is 10.
An optical fiber cable characterized in that the surface roughness Rmax of the foamed resin is set to 0 to 250 μm, and the surface roughness Rmax of the foamed resin is set to 100 μm or more. 3. In an optical fiber cable that is inserted into a tubular traveling path by pneumatic feeding, the outermost secondary coating layer has a melt index of the foam base resin of 5 to 20 g.
/10 minutes from foamed polyethylene resin, and the average diameter of the foamed polyethylene resin bubbles is 100 to 250 μm.
and the surface roughness R of the foamed polyethylene resin
An optical fiber cable characterized in that the max is set to 100 μm or more.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2316346A JP2789057B2 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1990-11-20 | Fiber optic cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2316346A JP2789057B2 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1990-11-20 | Fiber optic cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04186203A true JPH04186203A (en) | 1992-07-03 |
| JP2789057B2 JP2789057B2 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
Family
ID=18076090
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2316346A Expired - Fee Related JP2789057B2 (en) | 1990-11-20 | 1990-11-20 | Fiber optic cable |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2789057B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0874262A2 (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-10-28 | Alcatel | Optical cable and method of manufacturing an optical cable |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01157307U (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-30 |
-
1990
- 1990-11-20 JP JP2316346A patent/JP2789057B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01157307U (en) * | 1988-04-21 | 1989-10-30 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0874262A2 (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1998-10-28 | Alcatel | Optical cable and method of manufacturing an optical cable |
| EP0874262A3 (en) * | 1997-04-24 | 1999-11-17 | Alcatel | Optical cable and method of manufacturing an optical cable |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2789057B2 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |