JPH04151509A - Surveying method using global positioning system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To execute efficiently a survey by a surveying instrument and also to enable checkup of the result of position surveying computation by surveying a GPS (global positioning system) known point and a GPS reference direction point by a GPS position surveying means. CONSTITUTION:Among a GPS known reference point B, a GPS known point TG which is unknown and a GPS reference direction point PG, the known point TG and the reference direction point PG are surveyed by a GPS position surveying means. Based on the results of this survey, a number of unknown radial points H1 to H3 around the known point TG are surveyed by a total station and a prism target. If either the known point TG or the reference direction point PG is already known on the occasion, it is needed only to execute the GPS position surveying means in regard to the unknown points. Besides, a polygonal survey can also be conducted by surveying sequentially visible polygonal points T1 to T3, for instance, with the known point TG set as a starting known point. By selecting the GPS position surveying means and a means by a surveying instrument appropriately, a plan of surveying a complicated city structure or the like can be made and executed efficiently.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a surveying method using a global positioning system.

[Prior art] The global positioning system is based on the Global Positioning System.
oning System (abbreviation with initial letter G)
It has long been known as a translation of PS). Therefore, it will be referred to as GPS hereinafter. This GPS is a positioning system that simultaneously receives information such as position, orbit information, and time from four or more GPS satellites on the ground and determines the position of the receiving point, and this observation is performed at two or more observation points. According to simultaneous interferometry,
It is already known that it is possible to eliminate clock errors and perform precision surveying that determines the positional relationships of points on the ground with high precision. Therefore, if you install one GPS receiver at a known reference point to be measured using GPS interferometry, and at the same time install the other GPS receiver at an unknown measurement point, you can measure the position. Unknown measurement points can be made known points,
The present invention defines a known point that can be positioned by GPS as a GPS known point. Furthermore, if the known point that can be positioned by GPS is a reference direction point, which will be described later, the present invention defines this known point as a GPS reference direction point.

By the way, in order to determine the position of a new survey point using an existing surveying machine such as a conventional total station, that survey point must be in a position that can be seen from a known point where the surveying machine is installed, and also must be in a position that can be seen from the known point. There must be another known point, the reference direction point, at the position. In other words, by using a surveying machine such as a total station installed at a known point to measure an unknown measuring point, the distance can be measured. The angle of the unknown measurement point from the reference direction angle can be measured, and from the distance and angle measurement,
By matching the positional relationship with the survey results of conventional known points, a new known point can be established. Multi-angle (traverse) surveying, which is widely used in civil engineering surveying, urban planning surveying, land readjustment surveying, etc., starts from the first known point where the reference direction point can be seen, and starts from the first known point where the reference direction point can be seen, and then moves between adjacent unknown survey points that have visibility. By measuring the distance from the rear sight to the front sight and the angle of inclusion from the rear sight to the front sight, it is possible to measure many measuring points along one route one after another without being bothered by overnight disturbances. The route is generally referred to as a polygonal route, and the survey point is generally referred to as a polygonal point. Furthermore, when measuring points at radial positions around a known point, the points at the radial position are called radial points.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] Surveying using GPS can only be done at points in the sky to receive radio waves from satellites, and there are cycle slips and ionospheres that interrupt received signals due to obstacles. However, there is a problem in that when an incorrect positioning result is obtained due to the influence of orbit information accuracy, etc., it is not possible to directly check the result.

On the other hand, in surveying using conventional surveying equipment, measurements cannot be made unless there is a line of sight between known points such as triangulation points, and reference direction angles are required for angle measurement. There is the problem of being forced to conduct measurements based on inconvenient standards. In addition, in polygon surveying, if you are not bothered by overnight disturbances, you can obtain many polygon points along one route.
Even if the line is chained in the middle of the line, it is difficult to detect, and there is a problem in that it is not possible to obtain reliable accuracy between polygonal points.

[Means for Solving the Problems] Therefore, the present invention uses GPS to position an unknown measurement point whose line of sight is blocked by topography or structures such as buildings from a known reference point, and uses the GPS known point or the GPS reference point As a direction point,
One of the receivers for the Global Positioning System is attached to a known reference point to be measured using GPS (Global Positioning System) interferometry, so that surveys using conventional surveying equipment such as total stations can be carried out much more efficiently. At the same time, install a receiver for the other global positioning system and a surveying machine such as a total station at an unknown measuring point that should be a known GPS point, and install a prism at a known measuring point that can be seen from the surveying machine. The system uses a global positioning system that allows for efficient detailed surveying by setting up targets such as the following as reference direction points and placing targets at a large number of unknown measurement points centered on known GPS points. Similarly, a receiver for one of the Global Positioning Systems is installed at a known reference point to be measured by interferometry using the Global Positioning System, and at the same time it is used as a GPS reference direction point. A receiver for the other global positioning system and a target such as a prism are installed at the unknown measurement point to be measured, and a surveying machine such as a total station is installed at a known point that can be seen from the target, and the surrounding area is measured. The present invention provides a surveying method using the global positioning system, which is characterized by performing detailed surveys by placing targets at unknown measurement points in the world. One of the global positioning system receivers is installed at the known reference point to be measured, and the G
A receiver for the other Global Positioning System is installed at two measuring points that are in line of sight to each other and are to be used as unknown PS known points or GPS reference direction points, and a receiver for the other GPS known point is installed at one of the two measuring points. Surveying equipment such as total stations,
A global positioning system that can efficiently conduct detailed surveys by setting a target such as a prism at the other GPS reference direction point and placing targets at a large number of unknown measurement points centered on the known GPS point. It provides a surveying method using
To provide a surveying method using a global positioning system that can confirm whether there is an error in the positioning calculation result by GPS using a confirmation means measured by a surveying machine such as a total station, and to provide a survey method using a global positioning system that can confirm whether there is an error in the positioning calculation result by GPS. A global system that allows you to measure the accuracy of the interferometry of routes in polygonal surveying by using a confirmation method that uses interferometry using the global positioning system to measure positions between arbitrary polygonal points among the polygonal points sequentially surveyed by a surveying machine. The aim is to provide a surveying method using a positioning system.

[Operation] According to the surveying method using GPS according to the present invention, GPS
Install one of the Global Positioning System receivers at a known reference point in the sky that can be observed by the satellite, and at the same time install a GPS known point in the sky that is clear even if there is no line of sight from the known reference point or the GPS reference direction. A receiver for the other global positioning system is installed at the unknown measuring point to be measured.
Using GPS means, it is possible to position a GPS known point and a GPS reference direction point, and based on the positioning results, it is possible to efficiently survey a large number of unknown measurement points around the GPS known point and GPS reference direction point. Furthermore, by using a surveying machine such as a total station to measure between known points that are visible to each other using interferometry using a general-purpose positioning system, it is possible to check whether there are errors in the positioning calculation results obtained by GPS. In addition, it is possible to determine the position between any polygonal points on a route in polygonal survey by using the interferometry method using the measurement hole global positioning system to measure the position between arbitrary polygonal points among the polygonal points surveyed by a surveying machine such as a total station in polygonal survey. It has the effect of being able to measure accuracy.

[Example] In the figure, B indicates a GPS known reference point such as a fixed GPS receiving station in the open sky where information from GPS satellites can be received and whose coordinates are known in advance. The machine is installed. TG is a GPS known point arbitrarily set at a point in the sky where GPS satellite signals can be received even if it is not directly visible from known reference point B.
Receivers for S and surveying equipment such as total stations are located here. Similar to the GPS known point TG, the PC is a GPS reference direction point set at a point in the sky where GPS satellite signals can be received, even if it cannot be directly seen from the known reference point B, and where it can be seen from the GPS known point TG. So, G
A receiver for PS and targets for surveying equipment such as prism targets are arranged. Hl, H2, H3...
is an unknown radiant point selected for surveying at a point visible from the GPS known point TG, and a prism target is placed there.

In the above configuration, GPS known reference point B and unknown GP
Between 0 between S known point TG and GPS reference direction point, G
The GPS known point and the GPS reference direction point are positioned by the PS positioning means, and based on the positioning results, the GPS known point TG is determined.
It is possible to efficiently survey a large number of unknown radiant points H1, H2, and H3 around the area by using a total station and a prism target. At this time, if either the GPS known point TG or the GPS reference direction point PC is a known point, it is only necessary to implement the GPS positioning means for the unknown point. In addition, in the figure, the GPS known point TG
Let T1 be a known starting point and a visible polygon point T1. T2, T
It is also possible to perform polygonal surveying by sequentially surveying as shown in G.
By appropriately selecting the PS positioning means and the means using a surveying machine, it is possible to efficiently formulate and execute a survey plan for complex urban structures and the like. In addition, by measuring between known points that have been determined by GPS and have a clear line of sight, it is possible to confirm whether or not there is an error in the positioning calculation results obtained by the GPS positioning means. In addition, it is possible to measure the accuracy between the polygonal points of a route in polygonal survey by positioning using GPS means between any polygonal points surveyed by a surveying machine such as a total station in polygonal surveying. .

[Effects] As described above, according to the surveying method using the GPS (Global Positioning System) according to the present invention, one of the receivers for the Global Positioning System is placed at a known reference point in the sky that can be observed by GPS satellites. At the same time, even if there is no line of sight from the known reference point, a GPS known point that is far away in the sky, or a GPS
A receiver for the other global positioning system is installed at the unknown measurement point to be used as the reference direction point, and the GPS known point and the GPS reference direction point can be positioned by the GPS positioning means.
Based on the positioning results, it is possible to efficiently survey a large number of unknown measurement points around the GPS known point and the GPS reference direction point using a surveying machine such as a total station. By measuring between known points that are visible to each other using interferometry using a surveying machine such as a total station, it is possible to confirm whether or not there is an error in the positioning calculation result by GPS positioning means, and also to There is an effect that positioning can be performed between arbitrary polygonal points surveyed by a surveying machine such as a total station in surveying using GPS means, and the accuracy between polygonal points on a route can be measured in polygonal surveying.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an embodiment of a surveying means using a global positioning system according to the present invention. B... Known reference point TG... Polygonal point PG... Reference direction point Hl, H2, H3... Radiation point TI, T2. TG...polygon point

Claims (5)

[Claims] (1) Install a receiver for one Global Positioning System at a known reference point to be measured using interferometry using the Global Positioning System, and at the same time install a receiver for the other Global Positioning System at an unknown measuring point to be measured. A method for positioning GPS known points using the global positioning system, and a target such as a prism at a known measuring point that can be seen from the surveying machine installed at the GPS known point. A surveying method using the global positioning system, which consists of a means for surveying unknown survey points that can be seen around the GPS known point, using the GPS as a reference direction point. (2) Install a receiver for one Global Positioning System at a known reference point to be measured using interferometry using the Global Positioning System, and at the same time install a receiver for the other Global Positioning System at an unknown measurement point to be used as a reference direction point. After receiving data for the global positioning system, a target such as a prism is installed, and the global positioning system uses the GP.
A means for positioning the S reference direction point and a surveying machine such as a total station at a known point that can be seen from the target set at the GPS reference direction point, and survey unknown survey points that can be seen around the surveying machine. A surveying method using a global positioning system consisting of a means for (3) A receiver for one of the global positioning systems is installed at a known reference point to be measured by interferometry using the global positioning system, and at the same time, a receiver for one of the global positioning systems is installed at a known reference point to be measured by the interferometry method using the global positioning system, and at the same time, each of the unknown points to be measured is used as a GPS known point and a GPS reference direction point. A means for positioning a GPS known point and a GPS reference direction point using the global positioning system by installing a receiver for the other global positioning system at two sight-seeing stations, and a GPS known point at one of the two stations; A surveying machine such as a total station is installed at the other GPS reference direction point, and a target such as a prism is set at the other GPS reference direction point.
A surveying method using a global positioning system comprising means for surveying unknown survey points that are visible around the surveying machine. (4) A surveying method using a global positioning system characterized by using a confirmation means of measuring with a surveying machine such as a total station between mutually visible positioning points measured by interferometry using the global positioning system. (5) In polygon surveying, between any polygon points surveyed sequentially by a surveying machine such as a total station,
A surveying method using a global positioning system characterized by using a confirmation means for positioning by interferometry using the global positioning system.