JPH04136956A - Optical scanning system - Google Patents

Optical scanning system

Info

Publication number
JPH04136956A
JPH04136956A JP26171790A JP26171790A JPH04136956A JP H04136956 A JPH04136956 A JP H04136956A JP 26171790 A JP26171790 A JP 26171790A JP 26171790 A JP26171790 A JP 26171790A JP H04136956 A JPH04136956 A JP H04136956A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
slider
pulley
scanning
scanning direction
moment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP26171790A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP3049750B2 (en
Inventor
Yuji Hayashi
林 祐次
Shoichi Yoshikawa
彰一 吉川
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Minolta Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Minolta Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Minolta Co Ltd filed Critical Minolta Co Ltd
Priority to JP2261717A priority Critical patent/JP3049750B2/en
Publication of JPH04136956A publication Critical patent/JPH04136956A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3049750B2 publication Critical patent/JP3049750B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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  • Exposure Or Original Feeding In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Optical Systems Of Projection Type Copiers (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To counterbalance the angular moment of a slider and to prevent the slider from inclining backward by providing a pulley for generating a rotational force exerting in a direction opposite to the angular moment of the slider when the slider is moved forth. CONSTITUTION:A 2nd slider 2 is moved forth in a scanning direction at the speed of 1/2 times as fast as the 1st slider 1. The centroid N of the 2nd slider 2 itself is offset to a backward side from the center S between a slide bush 17 functioning as a receiving and placing part for a guide rail 18 in the scanning direction. Thus, the angular moment W for giving the backward inclination is generated in the 2nd slider 2. But, when the 2nd slider 2 is moved forth, the pulley 10 positioned near the centroid N is rotated counterclockwise. The moment opposite to the aforesaid moment is given to the 2nd slider 2 by the rolling friction generated at this time, and the moments are counterbalanced, so that the 2nd slider 2 is stably moved forth without suspending over the guide rail 18.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、複写機において原稿画像を走査して感光体上
に露光し画像を形成する画像形成装置に用いられる走査
光学系に関し、詳しくは走査光学部材を支持し走査方向
に往復移動可能なようにガイド上に受載されたスライダ
ーと、このスライダーに軸支されたプーリーと、このプ
ーリーを経て折り返された折り返し部の伸び縮みにてこ
のプーリーに回転を伴った走査方向の移動力を及ぼし前
記スライダーを走査方向に往復移動させる駆動索条とを
備えた走査光学系に関するものである。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a scanning optical system used in an image forming apparatus that scans a document image in a copying machine and forms an image by exposing it to light on a photoreceptor. This is achieved by a slider mounted on a guide to support the scanning optical member and movable back and forth in the scanning direction, a pulley pivotally supported by this slider, and a folded part that is folded back via this pulley. The present invention relates to a scanning optical system including a driving cable that applies a moving force in the scanning direction accompanied by rotation to a pulley and causes the slider to reciprocate in the scanning direction.

(従来の技術) 従来前記のような走査光学系として、第5図、第6図に
示すような、第1のスライダーaと、第2のスライダー
bを持ったものが多く利用されている。第1のスライダ
ーaはシステム速度で矢印方向に移動され、それが支持
している光源と第1のミラーとによって原稿の画像を走
査し、第2のスライダーbは第1のスライダーaの1/
2の速度で移動され、それが支持している第2、第3の
ミラーにより前記走査光を図示しない投影レンズに向け
ながら、この投影レンズによる露光光路の光路長を一定
に保ち、画像露光が所定の倍率で達成されるようにする
(Prior Art) Conventionally, as the above-mentioned scanning optical system, one having a first slider a and a second slider b as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is often used. The first slider a is moved in the direction of the arrow at the system speed to scan the image of the document with the light source it supports and the first mirror, and the second slider b is 1/1/2 of the first slider a.
While the scanning light is directed to a projection lens (not shown) by the second and third mirrors supported by the mirror, the optical path length of the exposure optical path by this projection lens is kept constant, and image exposure is performed. to be achieved at a predetermined magnification.

このような第1のスライダーaと第2のスライダーbの
駆動は、第5図に示すように張設された駆動索条Cによ
って行われている。駆動索条Cはその途中が走査距離基
」二の長さを巻回している駆動プーリーdの回転によっ
て駆動され一対のプーリーe、f上で移動される。これ
により駆動索条Cは固定部に止着された両端部g、h近
くで前記第2のスライダーb上のプーリーi、jに個別
に掛は回して形成されている互いに反対向きの折り返し
部U、■の一方が伸び、他方が縮む動きをして、これに
プーリーi、jが従動し第2のスライダーbを移動させ
る。
The first slider a and the second slider b are driven by a tensioned driving cable C as shown in FIG. The drive cable C is driven by the rotation of a drive pulley d, the middle of which is wound around the length of the scanning distance base 2, and is moved on a pair of pulleys e and f. As a result, the driving cable C is connected to pulleys i and j on the second slider b near both ends g and h which are fixed to the fixed part, respectively, and turned to turn the pulleys i and j in opposite directions. One of U and ■ moves to extend and the other moves to contract, and pulleys i and j follow this movement to move the second slider b.

前記駆動索条Cの折り返し部u、vの伸び、縮みの速度
は駆動索条C自体の移動速度の1/2となり、第2のス
ライダーbの移動速度となる。これに対し第1のスライ
ダーaは駆動索条Cの途中一箇所に止着されていて、こ
の駆動索条第3ミラーに、ffを矢印mで示す走査方向
から見て後部側に偏った位置に装備している。
The speed at which the folded portions u and v of the driving cable C extend and contract is 1/2 of the moving speed of the driving cable C itself, which corresponds to the moving speed of the second slider b. On the other hand, the first slider a is fixed at one point in the middle of the driving cable C, and is attached to the third mirror of the driving cable at a position where ff is biased toward the rear side when viewed from the scanning direction indicated by the arrow m. is equipped with.

このため第2のスライダーbの重心nは、第2のスライ
ダーbのガイドpへの受載部9..1間の中心Sよりも
後方に位置することになり、自身の重量バランス上前記
後方へ倒れる回転モーメントWを持っていることが分か
る。その」二前記駆動索条Cが第2のスライダーbを往
動させるときの折り返し部Vの伸びの際、プーリーi、
jが駆動索条Cによって第6図の矢印の方向に回転され
、走査方向後方側にあるプーリーjが前記重心nの近く
にて前記第2のスライダーbの回転モーメントWと同じ
方向の回転を受け、このときの回転による摩擦が第2の
スライダーbに働くので、前記回転モーメントwによる
後方への倒れ傾向をさらに強める。これによって実際に
倒れを生じさせて、受載部q側が浮く状態を招いている
ものと思われる。
Therefore, the center of gravity n of the second slider b is at the receiving portion 9 of the second slider b on the guide p. .. 1, and it can be seen that it has a rotational moment W that causes it to fall backward due to its own weight balance. When the folded portion V is extended when the driving cable C moves the second slider b forward, the pulley i,
j is rotated by the driving cable C in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 6, and the pulley j on the rear side in the scanning direction rotates in the same direction as the rotation moment W of the second slider b near the center of gravity n. The friction caused by the rotation at this time acts on the second slider b, which further strengthens the tendency to fall backward due to the rotational moment w. It seems that this actually caused the tray to fall down, causing the receiving portion q side to float.

そこで本発明は、駆動索条の張設の仕方を若干改良する
だけで、前記のような問題を解消すと同速で移動される
。したがって1本の駆動索条Cの駆動だけで前記第1、
第2の各スライダーa、bの2:1の駆動条件を満足す
ることができる。
Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by only slightly improving the way the driving cable is stretched, and allows the vehicle to move at the same speed. Therefore, by driving only one driving cable C, the first,
It is possible to satisfy the driving condition of 2:1 for each of the second sliders a and b.

(発明が解決しようとする課題) しかし上記走査光学系にて画像露光を行って形成した複
写画像には、歪みや不鮮明部分を生じることがある。こ
れは、第2のスライダーbが矢印mで示す方向に走査移
動されるとき、第2のスライダーbに前記走査方向前方
側での浮きが生し第2、第3ミラーの位置が変動するこ
とに原因している。
(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, a copy image formed by performing image exposure using the above-mentioned scanning optical system may have distortions or unclear portions. This is because when the second slider b is scanned and moved in the direction indicated by the arrow m, the second slider b floats on the front side in the scanning direction, and the positions of the second and third mirrors change. It is caused by

そして近時では、上記のような走査光学系は複写機の小
型化に伴い、走査範囲を小さくしないで可及的にコンパ
クトにするために、第1、第2の各スライダーa、bが
共に可及的に小さくかつ互いの干渉を避けて最大限に接
近できる形状に設定することが望まれている。このよう
な要求によって前記第2のスライダーbは、第6図に示
すような側面形状に設定され、第2、ることかできる走
査光学系を提供することを課題とするものである。
Recently, with the downsizing of copying machines, scanning optical systems such as those described above have been designed so that both the first and second sliders a and b have to be made as compact as possible without reducing the scanning range. It is desired that the shapes be as small as possible and that they can be approached as closely as possible while avoiding interference with each other. In response to such requirements, the second slider b is set to have a side surface shape as shown in FIG. 6, and the object of the present invention is to provide a scanning optical system that can be used as a second slider.

(課題を解決するための手段) 本発明は上記のような課題を達成するために、走査光学
部材を支持し走査方向に往復移動可能なようにガイド上
に受載されたスライダーと、このスライダーに軸支され
たプーリーと、このプーリーを経て折り返された折り返
し部の伸び縮みにてこのプーリーに回転を伴った走査方
向の移動力を及ぼし前記スライダーを走査方向に往復移
動させる駆動索条とを備えた走査光学系において、スラ
イダーの往動時に、このスライダーの前記ガイド上での
重心の偏りにより持っている回転モーメントの方向と反
対の方向にプーリーが回転されるように前記駆動索条を
張設したことを特徴とするものである。
(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above problems, the present invention provides a slider that supports a scanning optical member and is mounted on a guide so as to be movable back and forth in the scanning direction, and this slider. a pulley that is pivotally supported by a pulley; and a driving cable that applies a moving force in a scanning direction accompanied by rotation to this pulley by the expansion and contraction of a folded part that is folded back via this pulley, and causes the slider to reciprocate in the scanning direction. In the scanning optical system provided with the above-mentioned scanning optical system, the driving cable is stretched so that when the slider moves forward, the pulley is rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotational moment that the slider has due to the deviation of the center of gravity on the guide. It is characterized by the fact that it has been established.

(作 用) 本発明の上記構成によれば、駆動索条はスライダーに装
備しているプーリーを介しスライダーを走査方向に往動
させるとき、前記プーリーを前記往動方向への移動に伴
ってスライダーのガイド上での重心の偏りにより持って
いる回転モーメントの方向と反対の方向にプーリーを回
転させるように張設されているので、スライダーが往動
されるときそれの持っている前記回転モーメントと反対
方向に働くプーリーの回転作用力が、その回転モーメン
トを相殺してスライダーの往動時の後方への倒れを防止
することができる。
(Function) According to the above configuration of the present invention, when the slider is moved forward in the scanning direction via the pulley equipped on the slider, the drive cable is attached to the slider as the pulley is moved in the forward movement direction. The pulley is tensioned so that it rotates in the opposite direction to the rotational moment it has due to the deviation of its center of gravity on the guide, so when the slider is moved forward, the rotational moment it has and The rotational force of the pulley acting in the opposite direction cancels the rotational moment, thereby preventing the slider from falling backward during forward movement.

(実施例) 以下第1図〜第4図に示す本発明の一実施例について説
明する。
(Example) An example of the present invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described below.

本実施例は、第1のスライダー1および第2のスライダ
ー2を駆動する駆動索条3の張設構造を改良している。
In this embodiment, the tensioning structure of the drive cable 3 that drives the first slider 1 and the second slider 2 is improved.

駆動索条3は第4図に示すように光学ボンクス4の走査
方向はぼ中央部のP点にて一端3aが止着され、このP
点から第2のスライダー2上に回転可能に軸支された左
側のプーリー5を経て第1の折り返し部6が形成された
後、第1のスライダー1のQ点にて固着能に支持されて
いる。
As shown in FIG. 4, one end 3a of the driving cable 3 is fixed at a point P at the center of the optical box 4 in the scanning direction.
After the first folded part 6 is formed from the point through the left pulley 5 rotatably supported on the second slider 2, it is fixedly supported at the Q point of the first slider 1. There is.

そして前記の駆動索条1は第1、第2の各スライダー1
.2の両端部に働かされている。左右のアイドルプーリ
ー7.9は光学ボックス4の側壁に形成した窓21内に
設置され、光学ボックス4外に設けられた駆動プーリー
8との間の駆動索条1の掛は渡し部を光学ボックス4外
に臨ませ、前記のような掛は廻しを可能にしている。
The driving cable 1 is connected to each of the first and second sliders 1.
.. It is applied to both ends of 2. The left and right idler pulleys 7.9 are installed inside the window 21 formed in the side wall of the optical box 4, and the hooking part of the drive cable 1 between the drive pulley 8 provided outside the optical box 4 is connected to the optical box. 4 It faces outside, and the above-mentioned hook allows it to be turned.

なお、このように構成すれば、光学ボックス4の強度を
保ち、かっ、駆動プーリー8への駆動索条の設置を容易
にすることができる。
Note that with this configuration, the strength of the optical box 4 can be maintained, and the driving cable can be easily installed on the driving pulley 8.

駆動索条1が第1図、第2図矢印の方向に駆動されると
、第1のスライダーIが駆動索条1と同速にて走査方向
に往動されるのに対し、第2のスライダー2ば駆動索条
1の第1の折り返し部6の縮み、第2の折り返し部12
の伸びによってプーリー5.10の回転を伴う左方への
移動によって第1のスライダー1の1/2の速度で走査
方向に往動される。これにより、第1のスされている。
When the drive cable 1 is driven in the direction of the arrow in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first slider I is moved forward in the scanning direction at the same speed as the drive cable 1, while the second slider Shrinkage of the first folded part 6 of the slider 2 and the drive rope 1, and the contraction of the second folded part 12
Due to the extension of the pulley 5.10, the pulley 5.10 is moved to the left with rotation, and the first slider 1 is moved forward in the scanning direction at 1/2 the speed of the first slider 1. This allows the first step to be taken.

駆動索条1はさらにこのQ点から光学ボンクス4の左端
にあるアイドルプーリー7を経由して駆動プーリー8に
最大走査距離以上の長さを巻回された後、光学ボックス
4の右端にあるアイドルプーリー9を経由し、第2のス
ライダー2上に回転可能に軸支された右側のプーリー1
0を経て第2の折り返し部12が形成され、その後の他
端3bが光学ボックス4の右端に設けられた駆動索条1
にテンションを与えることのできるレバー13にて止め
られている。
The driving cable 1 is further wound from this Q point via the idler pulley 7 at the left end of the optical box 4 to the driving pulley 8 for a length greater than the maximum scanning distance, and then wrapped around the idler pulley 8 at the right end of the optical box 4. The right pulley 1 is rotatably supported on the second slider 2 via the pulley 9.
0, a second folded portion 12 is formed, and the other end 3b of the driving cable 1 is provided at the right end of the optical box 4.
It is stopped by a lever 13 that can apply tension.

なお第1、第2の各スライダー1.2は光学ボックス4
内に第3図、第4図に示すように配置されている。第1
のスライダー1はその両端部の前後に設けられたスライ
ドブツシュ15が光学ボックス4側壁内面の第1のガイ
ドレール16上に受載され、走査方向に往復移動可能に
支持されている。また第2のスライダー2はその両端部
の前後に設けられているスライドブツシュ17が光学ボ
ックス4の側壁内面の第2のガイドレール18上に受載
され、走査方向に往復移動可ライダー1上の照明ランプ
31と第1のミラー32とで図示しない原稿の画像を走
査する。そして第2のスライダー2は第1のスライダー
1からの走査光を受け、これを第2、第3ミラー33.
34によって図示しない投影レンズに向けて画像露光が
行われるようにするとともに、前記投影レンズによる露
光光路の光路長を一定に保ち、画像露光が所定の倍率で
達成されるようにする。
Note that each of the first and second sliders 1.2 is attached to the optical box 4.
They are arranged as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. 1st
Slide bushes 15 provided at the front and rear of both ends of the slider 1 are received on a first guide rail 16 on the inner surface of the side wall of the optical box 4, and are supported so as to be movable back and forth in the scanning direction. In addition, the second slider 2 has slide bushes 17 provided at the front and rear of both ends thereof, which are received on a second guide rail 18 on the inner surface of the side wall of the optical box 4, so that the second slider 2 can move back and forth in the scanning direction. The illumination lamp 31 and the first mirror 32 scan an image of a document (not shown). The second slider 2 receives the scanning light from the first slider 1 and transfers it to the second and third mirrors 33 .
34, image exposure is performed toward a projection lens (not shown), and the optical path length of the exposure optical path by the projection lens is kept constant, so that image exposure is achieved at a predetermined magnification.

また駆動索条1が前記とは反対の方向に駆動されると、
第1、第2の各スライダー1.2は前記とは反対の方向
に、前記と同し速度関係にて移動され、ホームポジショ
ンにリターンされる。
Moreover, when the driving cable 1 is driven in the opposite direction to the above,
Each of the first and second sliders 1.2 is moved in the opposite direction and at the same speed relationship as above and returned to its home position.

ところで第2のスライダー2は、第1のスライダー1と
の干渉防止と最小型化のために、前記従来の場合と同様
な構造、形状に設計されており、第2のスライダー2自
身の重心Nはガイドレール18上への受載部であるスラ
イドブツシュ17間の中心Sよりも走査方向後方側に偏
っている。このため第2のスライダー2には後方への倒
れ傾向を与える回転モーメンl−Wが生じている。しか
し本実施例の場合、第2のスライダー2が往動されると
き、前記重心Nに近い位置にあるプーリー10は、駆動
索条1の第2の折り返し部12の伸び動作に伴って反時
計方向に回転され、このときの回転摩擦力が第2のスラ
イダー2に前記モーメントと反対方向のモーメントを及
ぼしてそれを相殺するので、第2のスライダー2はガイ
ドレール18から浮くようなことなしに安定して往動さ
れる。したがって第2のスライダー2がガイドレール1
8から浮いて露光画像に歪みや不鮮明さを生じさせるよ
うなことが解消される。
By the way, the second slider 2 is designed to have the same structure and shape as the conventional case in order to prevent interference with the first slider 1 and to minimize the size, and the center of gravity N of the second slider 2 itself is is biased toward the rear side in the scanning direction with respect to the center S between the slide bushes 17, which are the receiving portions on the guide rails 18. For this reason, a rotational moment lW is generated in the second slider 2, which causes the second slider 2 to have a tendency to fall backward. However, in the case of this embodiment, when the second slider 2 is moved forward, the pulley 10 located near the center of gravity N is moved counterclockwise as the second folded portion 12 of the drive cable 1 is extended. The second slider 2 is rotated in the direction shown in FIG. Moves stably. Therefore, the second slider 2 is connected to the guide rail 1.
8, which causes distortion and blur in the exposed image.

なお第2のスライダー2のリターン時プーリー10は前
記とは反対の方向に回転されるので、前記第2のスライ
ダー2自身の回転モーメントWと複合して働き、第2の
スライダー2がガイドレール18から浮きやすくなるが
、画像露光は行われておらず問題とはならない。
Note that when the second slider 2 returns, the pulley 10 is rotated in the opposite direction to that described above, so the second slider 2 acts in combination with the rotational moment W of the second slider 2 itself, and the second slider 2 rotates in the guide rail 18. However, since image exposure is not performed, this does not pose a problem.

また前記プーリー10とそれを枢支する軸との第1図は
本発明の一実施例の要部を示す斜視図、第2図は一部の
拡大図、第3図は光学ボックスへの実装状態を示す横断
面図、第4図は光学ボックスへの実装状態を示す縦断面
図、第5図は従来例の要部を示す斜視図、第6図は一部
の拡大図である。
Further, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the main parts of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a part of the pulley 10 and a shaft that pivotally supports it, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the implementation in an optical box. FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the state in which it is mounted in an optical box, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the main parts of the conventional example, and FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view.

5.10 7、9 6.12 16.18 I 32〜34 第1のスライダー 第2のスライダー 駆動索条 光学ボックス プーリー アイドルプーリー 折り返し部 ガイドレール スライドブツシュ 照明ランプ 回転モーメント5.10 7, 9 6.12 16.18 I 32-34 first slider second slider driving rope optical box pulley idle pulley Folded part guide rail slide bush lighting lamp rotational moment

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] (1)走査光学部材を支持し走査方向に往復移動可能な
ようにガイド上に受載されたスライダーと、このスライ
ダーに軸支されたプーリーと、このプーリーを経て折り
返された折り返し部の伸び縮みにてこのプーリーに回転
を伴った走査方向の移動力を及ぼし前記スライダーを走
査方向に往復移動させる駆動索条とを備えた走査光学系
において、 スライダーの往動時に、このスライダーの前記ガイド上
での重心の偏りにより持っている回転モーメントの方向
と反対の方向にプーリーが回転されるように前記駆動索
条を張設したことを特徴とする走査光学系。
(1) A slider that supports the scanning optical member and is mounted on a guide so that it can be moved back and forth in the scanning direction, a pulley that is pivotally supported by this slider, and the folded part that is folded back through this pulley and expands and contracts. A scanning optical system is provided with a driving cable that applies a moving force in the scanning direction accompanied by rotation to the pulley and causes the slider to reciprocate in the scanning direction. The scanning optical system is characterized in that the driving cable is stretched so that the pulley is rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotational moment that the pulley has due to the deviation of the center of gravity of the scanning optical system.
JP2261717A 1990-09-28 1990-09-28 Scanning optical system Expired - Lifetime JP3049750B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2261717A JP3049750B2 (en) 1990-09-28 1990-09-28 Scanning optical system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2261717A JP3049750B2 (en) 1990-09-28 1990-09-28 Scanning optical system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH04136956A true JPH04136956A (en) 1992-05-11
JP3049750B2 JP3049750B2 (en) 2000-06-05

Family

ID=17365731

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2261717A Expired - Lifetime JP3049750B2 (en) 1990-09-28 1990-09-28 Scanning optical system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3049750B2 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009153125A (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-07-09 Toshiba Corp Image scanning unit and image forming apparatus including the image scanning unit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009153125A (en) * 2007-12-18 2009-07-09 Toshiba Corp Image scanning unit and image forming apparatus including the image scanning unit
US8145099B2 (en) 2007-12-18 2012-03-27 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Image scanning unit and image forming apparatus including the image scanning unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3049750B2 (en) 2000-06-05

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