JPH04111812A - Underground structure utilizing vaporizing heat of water in soil - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To save electric power for chilling by permitting chilling operation in a building under the ground by a method in which a thick layer of fine sand is formed on the ground's surface, and solar radiation heat at daytime is neutralized by using the vaporization heat of water in soil. CONSTITUTION:The surface of the ground is excavated and an underground structure 18 of a given depth is formed. The ground's surface is covered with at least one meter thickness of soil 10 of fine sand, and a water-permeable pavement 12 is formed on the ground's surface, where a necessary number of light-transmitting pilots 14 are buried for natural lighting for the underground building 18. A large-size steps for entrance is provided in view of safety in case of emergency, and a water trap is formed on the lowest place with an automatic water drain pump to the ground's surface. The ground's surface is used as parking lot, and comfortable place requiring no chilling even during the summer season can be provided for the underground shops, effectuating great energy-saving effect.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an energy-saving underground structure having a comfortable space and utilizing the heat of vaporization of water contained in soil.

(Prior Art) A conventional basement is a part of a building that is attached to an above-ground structure and extends underground. Therefore, although the basement is not directly exposed to sunlight, most of the building is exposed to solar heat. The temperature rises due to direct sunlight, and this heat conduction causes the temperature to rise to the basement temperature.

Also, the ground surface is occupied by buildings and cannot be used as a parking lot. Sometimes structures are built below the ground and the surface is used as a parking lot, but in this case the ground surface is hardened with concrete, so there is no soil containing moisture, so it is not possible to use the heat of vaporization. Can not.

(Problem to be solved by the invention) In recent years, electricity consumption has been increasing by several percent every year, and all electric power companies in Japan are already fully equipped and have little spare capacity.

Especially in the summer, the power consumption of air conditioners is close to its limit, and there is no surplus power.

However, it is extremely difficult for electric power companies to expand their facilities to increase electricity production even further than they currently do due to the impact on the environment. In other words, there is almost no room for development of hydroelectric power generation, and there are challenges in that construction takes time and costs are extremely high.

Furthermore, thermal power generation also has a large impact on the environment, making it difficult to build new power plants.

Furthermore, it is difficult to expand nuclear power generation facilities due to concerns about the equipment.

Although it is difficult to increase the production of electricity, the current situation is that the demand for electricity is increasing due to industrial diversification and the expansion of housing.

Therefore, saving electricity for cooling, which uses the largest amount of electricity, is an extremely important issue.

In addition, the price of land is rising more and more, and even if you consider building a small store, for example, you have to secure land for a parking lot in addition to the building, and this has become extremely difficult due to the skyrocketing land prices. It has become.

Therefore, effective use of land has become an absolutely necessary issue.

(Means for solving the problem.) In order to solve both the problems mentioned above, such as the lack of electricity, especially the lack of electricity for cooling, and the difficulty in securing land due to rising underground prices, we propose the following method. .

In other words, in order to deal with power shortages, for cooling equipment, which requires the most amount of electricity in the summer, construct a factory underground and create a layer of soil at least 1 meter thick between it and the ground surface, and By neutralizing the solar radiant heat inside with the heat of vaporization of the water contained in the soil, it is possible to provide a comfortable space that hardly requires an air conditioner.

This is completely different from the concept of a traditional building basement;
It would be better if everything on the ground was in contact with the atmosphere.

The sand that forms the soil layer should be fine, with a particle size of 1 mm or less, in order to maximize the contact area with the atmosphere.

This is a state in which the area around the sand grains is covered with a film of moisture, so that water does not accumulate, and excess moisture permeates to the bottom, and when the sand is dry, the moisture in the deep part rises due to capillary action.

The ground surface is made of water-permeable asphalt or wooden bricks to allow rainwater and sprinkled water to pass through, and to bring it into contact with the air; concrete, conventional asphalt, etc. are inconvenient.

The entire ground surface, except for the entrance to the ground, can be used as a parking lot, and trees can be planted to provide shade.

If a building is constructed underground in this way, the entire surface area above ground can be used as a parking lot, making effective use of expensive land.

(effect) The effect will be explained.

In May, June, July, and August, the average amount of solar radiation received by the earth's surface is approximately 1 per square meter per day.
It is said to be 7MJ, or 4048 kilocalories.

This means that a 100 square meter (30 tsubo) building on the ground would be irradiated with an enormous amount of heat, 100 times this amount, or 404,800 kilocalories, per day.

This amount of heat is equivalent to the amount of heat that can boil 5 tons of water at 20 degrees Celsius in one day.

By the way, the heat of vaporization of 1 liter of water is 539.8 kcal, so the aforementioned 4048 kcal per 1 square meter is the same as the heat of vaporization of 7.5 liters of water.

7°5 liters per square meter is 7,
This corresponds to 5 millimeters of rainfall. That is, 7 on the entire ground surface.
, 5 millimeters of rain or sprinkled water evaporates to neutralize the total amount of heat radiated by the sun that day.

This water permeates into the ground through the permeable pavement on the ground surface and is retained in the sand grains between the underground structure and the ground surface.

In reality, this moisture is always retained in nature, and there is no need for watering unless there is a long period of dryness without rainfall. This is because moisture is absorbed from the air at night and evaporates when the temperature is high during the day.

In this way, even if the surface temperature reaches 50 degrees Celsius or higher due to the radiant heat of the sun, the water contained in the sand absorbs the heat of vaporization and evaporates rapidly, so the temperature underground does not change much. In particular, the temperature one meter underground is almost constant throughout the day and night, at 22 to 23 degrees Celsius.

This value was actually measured at Zenkoji Taira-Obi in Nagano.

This temperature is the temperature when the air conditioner is operated at full power in midsummer, and the air conditioner temperature is generally 26 degrees to 28 degrees.

Therefore, there is almost no need for air conditioning, and the thick layer of sand acts as a heat insulator in the winter, and geothermal heat can be used, so heating can be done with extremely little electricity, resulting in an extremely energy-saving effect.

(Example 1) A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The figure shows the case of building an underground coffee shop around a city.

Buildings built underground are completely waterproof using reinforced concrete, and there is a 1 meter distance of soil between them and the ground surface. Since the surface will be used as a parking lot, it must be designed to be able to withstand such loads.

During construction, the entire area is excavated from the surface, constructed to a predetermined depth, and finally covered with sand of small particle size to a thickness of at least 1 meter, compacted well on average, and the surface is covered with permeable pavement. , or paving by lining up blocks such as wooden bricks.

Plant tall trees on the ground to provide shade.

In addition, the necessary number of translucent rod bars made of transparent glass rods with a diameter of about 20 mm are embedded to let in natural light.

The surface of the glass rod is flush with the ground. The stairs at the entrance and exit will be large in consideration of safety in case of emergency. Also, if you create a pool of water at the lowest point and install a pump that automatically drains it to the ground when a certain amount of water accumulates, it will be safe even if it floods for some reason.

Underground stores constructed in this way are extremely comfortable because they do not require air conditioning, even in the hot summer months when the temperature of the part of the ground that is exposed to direct sunlight exceeds 50 degrees Celsius. It has an energy saving effect.

(Example 2) Another example is shown in FIG. This is a mushroom cultivation room built on the ground, surrounded by a retaining wall, and filled with earth.

When cultivating mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms, shimen mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, etc., the cultivation room must be kept at a low temperature (about 12 to 18 degrees Celsius), but in the case of mushroom cultivation as a business, the facilities are large and therefore do not require sunlight. The thermal energy generated by the irradiation is enormous.

Cooling against that thermal energy is a huge loss of power.

Therefore, the method is to surround this facility built on the ground with a retaining wall, and completely cover the entire periphery and the top (roof) with the sand mentioned above.

If you do it this way, it will be the same as building the entire building underground.
Since thermal energy from the sun's radiant light can be completely blocked, the power required for air conditioning can be significantly reduced.

This is the same as mushroom cultivation using disused railway tunnels, but with this method it can be constructed anywhere.

The surface of the mounded soil is the same as a typical farmland and can be used for crops or orchards, but this way the ground will be in the shade and the underground temperature will drop by an additional 2 degrees, creating an air conditioner. Very convenient above.

(Example 3) This was constructed on a field in an agricultural area.

As mentioned above, as long as the soil is 1 meter thick, you can grow any type of agricultural product, and there is no problem in growing an orchard.

Therefore, it would be convenient if such facilities were built underground in farmland, allowing them to be used as cold storage, workshops, rest areas, etc. It is particularly effective for cultivating apricots and vegetables and storing them at low temperatures before shipping.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It is.

(Effect of the invention) The effects of the present invention will be described below.

1. Due to the heat of vaporization of moisture naturally contained in the soil, the temperature one meter underground remains almost constant despite the midsummer heat.
It has a low temperature of 22 to 23 degrees.

Therefore, buildings built in this location will hardly require any cooling equipment, resulting in significant power savings.

2. Among buildings built underground using this method, for example, in the case of a small store, etc., the entire ground area except the entrance area can be used as a parking lot, making it suitable for narrow or expensive land. When constructing a building, you can save a lot of money on land and other expenses.

3. When using the above ground as a parking lot, the parking lot and the road can be on the same plane, so parking is easier than in conventional parking lots, such as parking lots around buildings or rooftop parking lots. be.

Another feature is that the parking lot can be located close to the entrance of the underground store, making it easy to enter the store.

4. Underground structures have near-perfect sound insulation properties, so outside noise doesn't get in, and there's no worry about internal sounds leaking outside.

5. Generally speaking, the largest expense for a building such as a store is its appearance and exterior, but underground stores using this method do not require an exterior or exterior at all, just the interior, so it is advantageous in this aspect. This is a big cost saving.

6. Furthermore, the ground surface can be used as farmland for crops, orchards, etc.

Soil 1 meter thick can be used to grow most crops, and in the case of an orchard, the ground surface provides shade.
In midsummer, there is no direct sunlight all day long, so the temperature one meter underground remains about 2 degrees lower, at 19 to 20 degrees.

In the case of agricultural land, underground structures are very effective as cold storage.

7. For mushroom cultivation such as enoki mushrooms, shimen mushrooms, nameko mushrooms, etc., facilities are built on the ground and the room is cooled to 12 to 18 degrees using an air conditioner, but the area of the cultivation room is generally large and therefore there is no need for external interference. A huge amount of electrical energy is also required to overcome the enormous amount of solar energy and provide air conditioning, but by surrounding the outside of the cultivation chamber with a retaining wall and covering it with soil, it is possible to overcome the solar energy. Since the thermal energy generated by the air conditioner can be completely cut off, the amount of electricity used for cooling can be reduced to a very small amount, resulting in huge cost savings.

8. For buildings built underground, sunlight can be introduced from the ground using optical fibers, translucent rod bars as shown in Figure 4, or split mirrors as shown in Figure 5. A very small amount of sunlight is sufficient for indoor lighting.

The translucent rod bar is a transparent glass rod with a diameter of about 20 mm reinforced with metal pipes on the outside.

Both ends are polished flat, and one end is fixed at the same level as the ground surface or slightly protruding outward.

The other end opens near the ceiling of the underground structure. External light reaches the room while reflecting inside the glass rod, and spreads at an angle of about 30 degrees to become a lighting device.The split mirror shown in Figure 5 reflects the sun while changing the azimuth and reflection angle using sensor i. It tracks light and is made by dividing the reflecting mirror into several long, thin pieces, so the whole can be kept small and direct sunlight can be introduced indoors all day long.

This plant has a diameter of 20 to 30 cm and can be grown underground.

Buildings built underground in this way are extremely effective in saving a huge amount of energy and costs, and providing a quiet and comfortable space.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a coffee shop built underground around a city. Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a mushroom cultivation room built above ground. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a mushroom cultivation room built underground in an agricultural area. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a translucent rod bar. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the head of a split mirror. Figure 6 is a sectional view showing how the split mirror is used. The soil that is made up of. 12 is permeable pavement. 1
4 is a transparent lot bar. 18 is an underground structure and 20 is a cold storage warehouse. 24 is the horizon. 26 is the mushroom cultivation room.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Place a structure built underground and place fine sand at least 1 meter thick between it and the ground surface, and keep the ground surface in constant contact with the natural atmosphere. An underground structure that utilizes the heat of vaporization of moisture contained in the soil. 2. An underground structure that utilizes the heat of vaporization of moisture contained in the soil according to claim 1, wherein the ground surface is paved with permeable asphalt or blocks. 3. An underground structure using the heat of vaporization of water contained in soil according to claim 1, wherein the structure is built on the ground, surrounded by a retaining wall, and the entire structure is covered with soil. 4. An underground structure utilizing the heat of vaporization of moisture contained in the soil according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the ground surface is used as farmland for crops, fruit trees, etc.