JPH039370B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH039370B2 JPH039370B2 JP15702883A JP15702883A JPH039370B2 JP H039370 B2 JPH039370 B2 JP H039370B2 JP 15702883 A JP15702883 A JP 15702883A JP 15702883 A JP15702883 A JP 15702883A JP H039370 B2 JPH039370 B2 JP H039370B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- outer cylinder
- ceramic
- metal outer
- brazing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-[5-(2,2-dimethylbutyl)-1h-imidazol-2-yl]ethyl]phenyl]pyridine Chemical compound N1C(CC(C)(C)CC)=CN=C1CCC1=CC=C(C=2N=CC=CC=2)C=C1 WVAKRQOMAINQPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150033765 BAG1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical group N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
この発明は主としてデイーゼルエンジンに装着
されるセラミツクグロープラグさらに詳しくはセ
ラミツクヒーターと金属との鑞接を改良して成る
セラミツクグロープラグに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates primarily to a ceramic glow plug that is installed in a diesel engine, and more particularly to a ceramic glow plug that has improved soldering between a ceramic heater and metal.
一般にデイーゼルエンジンは低温時における始
動性が悪いためにエンジンヘツドの副燃焼室等に
グロープラグを装着し、室内に噴射される燃料を
一部燃焼させてエンジンの始動性を向上させる方
法がとられており、近年グロープラグはその始動
性を容易にするために急速な昇温特性をもつこと
が要求される。 In general, diesel engines have poor startability at low temperatures, so a glow plug is installed in the auxiliary combustion chamber of the engine head to burn part of the fuel injected into the chamber to improve engine startability. In recent years, glow plugs have been required to have rapid temperature rise characteristics in order to facilitate starting.
この目的を達成するグロープラグとしては発熱
線に特に高融点金属のタングステンＷ等を用い、
これを窒化珪素（Si3N4）等を主成分とするセラ
ミツク焼結体中に埋設して成るセラミツクヒータ
ーを発熱体としたセラミツクグロープラグが知ら
れているが、この種のグロープラグは従来のメタ
ル型グロープラグのように発熱体が金属シースで
覆われていないため昇温効率が良く、発熱線に高
融点金属線材を用いているため高温時においても
溶断するおそれは少ない利点がある。 Glow plugs that achieve this purpose use a high melting point metal such as tungsten W for the heating wire.
A ceramic glow plug is known that uses a ceramic heater as a heating element, which is embedded in a ceramic sintered body whose main component is silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). Unlike metal glow plugs, the heating element is not covered with a metal sheath, so the heating efficiency is good, and since the heating wire uses a high-melting point metal wire, there is less risk of melting even at high temperatures.
ところで上記発熱体は渦流室等の燃焼室内に直
接曝されて急速昇温および発熱体表面が噴射燃料
や渦流気によつて冷却作用を受け熱衝撃によりセ
ラミツク割れを生ずるおそれがあること、またグ
ロープラグ装着時の接触をはじめ外力で折損し易
い問題があるため、かかるセラミツク発熱体は金
属外筒でその基部部分が銀鑞付けされて覆われ、
機関取付ねじを配した金具の内腔に前記金属外筒
が挿嵌され同様に銀鑞付けされた構成となつてい
る。しかし、上記セラミツクヒーターと金属外筒
の銀鑞材を使用した接合の場合は次の欠点があつ
た。即ち(イ)銀鑞材は60000円／Kgと高くコスト高
となる。(ロ)銀鑞と鑞付けできる金属の材質が限定
される。つまり通常銀鑞付けの場合、鑞付け温度
は約850℃、その雰囲気として純水素又は水素、
窒素の分解ガスが使用される。かかる雰囲気中に
おいて、第１図の如き加熱温度サイクルを経過す
るが、その際低温域で雰囲気ガス中の微量の水分
により金属が酸化され、鑞付け温度に達するまで
に水素ガスによる還元が生じて金属表面が清浄に
なつて鑞付けされる。従つて鑞付け温度までに酸
化物が還元される必要があるが、ステンレス鋼の
場合はCr、Mnの酸化物の還元温度が900〜1000
℃であるため銀鑞付けには使用できない。このた
めかかる銀鑞付けの際の金属外筒の材質としては
鉄、コーバルに限定され、耐酸化性が悪いという
欠点があつた。また(ハ)金属外筒と金具との接合に
使用する銀鑞材は上記セラミツクヒーターと金属
外筒の接合に使用する銀鑞材より約200℃程度低
い融点をもつものを使用する必要があり、その銀
鑞材質としては銀の添加量の多いBAg1又は７に
限定され、コストが高くなる等の問題をもつてい
た。 By the way, the above-mentioned heating element is directly exposed to a combustion chamber such as a swirl chamber, and the temperature rises rapidly, and the surface of the heating element is cooled by the injected fuel and swirling air, which may cause ceramic cracking due to thermal shock. Since there is a problem that the ceramic heating element is easily broken due to external force such as contact when the plug is attached, the base part of the ceramic heating element is covered with a metal outer cylinder and the base part is covered with silver brazing.
The metal outer cylinder is inserted into the inner cavity of a metal fitting in which an engine mounting screw is arranged, and silver soldered in the same manner. However, in the case of joining the ceramic heater and the metal outer cylinder using silver brazing material, there were the following drawbacks. In other words, (a) silver brazing material is expensive at 60,000 yen/kg. (b) The metal materials that can be soldered with silver solder are limited. In other words, in the case of normal silver brazing, the brazing temperature is approximately 850℃, and the atmosphere is pure hydrogen or hydrogen.
Nitrogen decomposition gas is used. In such an atmosphere, a heating temperature cycle as shown in Figure 1 is passed, during which the metal is oxidized by a small amount of moisture in the atmospheric gas in the low temperature range, and reduced by hydrogen gas by the time it reaches the brazing temperature. The metal surface is cleaned and brazed. Therefore, the oxides must be reduced by the brazing temperature, but in the case of stainless steel, the reduction temperature of Cr and Mn oxides is 900 to 1000.
℃, so it cannot be used for silver brazing. For this reason, the material for the metal outer cylinder during silver brazing is limited to iron or Kobal, which has the drawback of poor oxidation resistance. Furthermore, (c) the silver solder material used to join the metal outer cylinder and the metal fittings must have a melting point approximately 200°C lower than the silver solder material used to join the ceramic heater and the metal outer cylinder. However, the silver solder material was limited to BAg1 or BAg7, which has a large amount of added silver, and had problems such as high cost.
本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされたもの
で、金属外筒に耐熱性、耐酸化性を有するステン
レス鋼材を用いてセラミツクヒーターの露出部分
が少なく耐久性を保持し、安価な銅鑞材の使用に
よつて製造コストの大巾な低減を達成したセラミ
ツクグロープラグを提供しようとするものであ
る。 The present invention was made in view of these circumstances, and uses a heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant stainless steel material for the metal outer cylinder, which reduces exposed parts of the ceramic heater and maintains its durability.It also uses inexpensive copper brazing material. The object of the present invention is to provide a ceramic glow plug that achieves a significant reduction in manufacturing costs by using the following.
以下本発明セラミツクグロープラグを実施例に
つき、付図を用いて説明する。 Examples of the ceramic glow plug of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第２図は本発明セラミツクグロープラグの縦断
面図を示したもので、図において１は発熱体とな
るセラミツクヒーターであり、例えばＷ、Mo又
はＷとRe、Co、Mo、Zr等とのＷ合金を線材と
して用い、中央部でＵ字状に折曲げられてなる発
熱線２にはその両端にリード線３，３′が溶接さ
れ、これを例えば窒化珪素（Si3N4）を主成分と
したセラミツク焼結体に埋設して成るものであつ
て、好ましくはこのヒーターは真円を有する棒状
に形成され、またその製造方法としては本出願人
の提出した特願昭57−194768号が好適に用いるこ
とができる。このセラミツクヒーター１は、ステ
ンレス鋼材（例えばSUS310S）で形成された金
属外筒４の内壁に嵌合され、その先端を該金属外
筒４の先端より適宜露出させ保持されている。発
熱線２の一端に溶接されたリード線３はセラミツ
クヒーター表面に露出して該セラミツクヒーター
の一部分と共に銅鑞材５により前記金属外筒４に
鑞接されて電気的に接続されこの金属外筒４は機
関取付ねじを設けた金具６の内腔挿嵌され銀鑞材
７により鑞接され電極を構成し、一方発熱線２
の他端に溶接されたリード線３′はセラミツクヒ
ーター１の後端部でリード棒８を備えた金属キヤ
ツプ９と電気的に接続され、リード棒８の他方が
中軸１０と溶接されて絶縁体１１を金具６との間
に介在させてナツト１２で締付け固定され電極
となる構造をもつものである。 Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the ceramic glow plug of the present invention. Lead wires 3 and 3' are welded to both ends of the heating wire 2, which is formed by using an alloy as a wire rod and bent into a U - shape at the center. Preferably, this heater is formed into a rod shape having a perfect circle, and its manufacturing method is described in Japanese Patent Application No. 1947-1988 filed by the present applicant. It can be suitably used. This ceramic heater 1 is fitted into the inner wall of a metal outer cylinder 4 made of stainless steel (for example, SUS310S), and is held with its tip exposed appropriately from the tip of the metal outer cylinder 4. A lead wire 3 welded to one end of the heating wire 2 is exposed on the surface of the ceramic heater, and is electrically connected to the metal outer cylinder 4 together with a portion of the ceramic heater by soldering it to the metal outer cylinder 4 through a copper brazing material 5. 4 is inserted into the inner cavity of a metal fitting 6 provided with engine mounting screws and is soldered with a silver solder material 7 to constitute an electrode, while the heating wire 2
The lead wire 3' welded to the other end is electrically connected to a metal cap 9 equipped with a lead rod 8 at the rear end of the ceramic heater 1, and the other end of the lead rod 8 is welded to the center shaft 10 to form an insulator. 11 is interposed between the metal fitting 6 and fastened with a nut 12 to form an electrode.
本発明におけるセラミツクヒーター１と金属外
筒４の銅鑞付けは、鑞付け温度が1100〜1150℃で
行なわれるためステンレス鋼材を使用しても十分
にその酸化物の還元作用をなして銅鑞付けするこ
とができる。またかかるステンレス鋼材の金属外
筒は耐熱性、耐酸化性を有することから、セラミ
ツクヒーターの露出寸法（約５〜10mm）を可及的
に短かくでき、セラミツクの割れ、折損等が防止
することができる。さらに上記銅鑞材を使用した
場合、その融点は約1100℃のため金属外筒４と金
具６の鑞接にはいかなる銀鑞材の使用が可能で、
特に低銀鑞材（Agの添加量が少なく融点が高い）
が使用できるためコストが大巾に低減することが
できる。 Copper brazing of the ceramic heater 1 and the metal outer cylinder 4 in the present invention is carried out at a brazing temperature of 1100 to 1150°C, so even if stainless steel is used, the oxides of the stainless steel material are sufficiently reduced and the copper brazing is performed. can do. In addition, since the metal outer cylinder made of stainless steel has heat resistance and oxidation resistance, the exposed dimension of the ceramic heater (approximately 5 to 10 mm) can be made as short as possible, and cracking and breakage of the ceramic can be prevented. Can be done. Furthermore, when the above-mentioned copper brazing material is used, its melting point is approximately 1100°C, so any silver brazing material can be used for soldering the metal outer cylinder 4 and the metal fitting 6.
Especially low-silver brazing material (low amount of Ag added and high melting point)
can be used, which can significantly reduce costs.
また本発明の銅鑞付けはセラミツクヒーター１
のリード線３′とステンレス鋼材の金属キヤツプ
９との接合にも適用でき、上記金属外筒と共に同
時に銅鑞付けすることができる。この場合は鑞材
のコストを含めて製造コストがさらに低減可能と
なる。さらに銅鑞付け方法としては、第３に示す
ようにセラミツクヒーター１の鑞接部分に、予め
金属粉末とセラミツク粉末から成る金属化処理、
濡れ性の良いガラス材を主体とする被覆焼付け層
および金属蒸着層等１３を形成した後、金属外筒
４及び／又は金属キヤツプとの間に銅鑞材を介在
して挿嵌し、非酸化性の雰囲気中1100〜1150℃で
銅鑞付けを行なう。しかる後この金属外筒に公知
のフラツクスを塗布して金具の内腔に挿嵌し、銀
鑞材を用いて大気中800〜900℃で鑞接される。な
お、本発明の銅鑞付け部分の形状は実施例だけに
限定されるものでなく、またかかる銅鑞付けはセ
ラミツクグロープラグのセラミツクヒーターと金
属部分の接合だけでなく、温度的に高温となるエ
ンジン部品のピストン、副室、シリンダーヘツド
の燃焼室等の一部を構成したセラミツク部材と金
属部材との接合などにも応用することができる。 Moreover, the copper brazing of the present invention is applied to the ceramic heater 1.
The present invention can also be applied to joining the lead wire 3' and the metal cap 9 made of stainless steel, and copper brazing can be performed simultaneously with the metal outer cylinder. In this case, the manufacturing cost including the cost of the solder material can be further reduced. Furthermore, as a copper brazing method, as shown in the third example, the brazed portion of the ceramic heater 1 is pre-metalized with metal powder and ceramic powder.
After forming a coating baking layer and a metal vapor deposition layer 13 mainly made of a glass material with good wettability, a copper brazing material is inserted between the metal outer cylinder 4 and/or the metal cap, and a non-oxidized Copper brazing is carried out at 1100-1150℃ in a warm atmosphere. Thereafter, this metal outer cylinder is coated with a known flux, inserted into the inner cavity of the metal fitting, and soldered with silver solder at 800 to 900°C in the atmosphere. It should be noted that the shape of the copper-brazed part of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and such copper-brazing is not only used for joining the ceramic heater of the ceramic glow plug to the metal part, but also for the purpose of joining the ceramic heater and the metal part of the ceramic glow plug. It can also be applied to joining ceramic members and metal members that form part of engine parts such as pistons, subchambers, combustion chambers of cylinder heads, etc.
以上の説明から理解されるように、本発明セラ
ミツクグロープラグは金属外筒に耐熱性、耐酸化
性を有するステンレス鋼を用いてセラミツクヒー
ターの露出寸法を従来より短縮し、かつ従来用い
られていた銀鑞材による鑞接に代つて安価な銅鑞
材を用いることによつてコストを大巾に低減する
ことができ、セラミツクヒーターの露出寸法が短
縮できることから取付時のセラミツクヒーター部
分の折損、使用中の熱サイクルによる割れを有効
に防止することができて耐久性のすぐれたセラミ
ツクグロープラグが提供できるものである。 As can be understood from the above explanation, the ceramic glow plug of the present invention uses heat-resistant and oxidation-resistant stainless steel for the metal outer cylinder, and the exposed dimensions of the ceramic heater are shorter than conventional ones. By using an inexpensive copper solder material instead of silver solder material, costs can be greatly reduced, and the exposed dimensions of the ceramic heater can be shortened, so there is no chance of the ceramic heater part breaking or being used during installation. It is possible to provide a ceramic glow plug that can effectively prevent cracking due to thermal cycles inside and has excellent durability.
第１図は鑞付けの加熱温度サイクルを示す状態
図、第２図は本発明セラミツクグロープラグの一
実施例を示す縦断面図、第３図は本発明のセラミ
ツクヒーターと金属外筒との鑞接を示す要部断面
図。
１……セラミツクヒーター、２……発熱線、４
……金属外筒、５……銅鑞材、６……金具、７…
…銀鑞材、９……金属キヤツプ。
FIG. 1 is a state diagram showing the heating temperature cycle of brazing, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the ceramic glow plug of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 1...Ceramic heater, 2...Heating wire, 4
...Metal outer cylinder, 5...Copper brazing material, 6...Metal fittings, 7...
...Silver brazed material, 9...Metal cap.
Claims (1)
没され焼結されたセラミツクヒーターに、金属外
筒を鑞接しその金属外筒を機関取付ねじを設けた
金具の内腔に鑞接して成るセラミツクグロープラ
グにおいて、前記金属外筒をステンレス鋼材で形
成し、前記セラミツクヒーターの外周と前記金属
外筒の内壁との間を銅鑞付けし、この金属外筒の
外周と前記金具の内腔との間を銀鑞付けしたこと
を特徴とするセラミツクグロープラグ。 ２ 高融点金属の発熱線がセラミツク粉体内に埋
設され焼結されたセラミツクヒーターに、金属外
筒を鑞接しその金属外筒を機関取付ねじを設けた
金具の内腔に鑞接して成るセラミツクグロープラ
グにおいて、前記金属外筒および電極取り出し用
金属キヤツプをステンレス鋼材で形成し、前記セ
ラミツクヒーターの外周と前記金属外筒の内壁お
よび前記セラミツクヒーターの後端部と前記金属
キヤツプとの間を銅鑞付けし、この金属外筒の外
周と前記金具の内腔との間を銀鑞付けしたことを
特徴とするセラミツクグロープラグ。[Scope of Claims] 1. A metal outer cylinder is brazed to a ceramic heater in which a heating wire of a high-melting point metal is embedded in ceramic powder and sintered, and the metal outer cylinder is inserted into the inner cavity of a metal fitting provided with engine mounting screws. In the soldered ceramic glow plug, the metal outer cylinder is made of stainless steel, copper brazing is applied between the outer periphery of the ceramic heater and the inner wall of the metal outer cylinder, and the outer periphery of the metal outer cylinder and the metal fitting are bonded together. A ceramic glow plug characterized by silver brazing between the inner cavity and the inner cavity. 2. Ceramic glow made by brazing a metal outer cylinder to a ceramic heater in which a heating wire of a high melting point metal is embedded and sintered in ceramic powder, and then brazing the metal outer cylinder to the inner cavity of a metal fitting provided with an engine mounting screw. In the plug, the metal outer cylinder and the metal cap for taking out the electrodes are formed of stainless steel, and the outer periphery of the ceramic heater, the inner wall of the metal outer cylinder, the rear end of the ceramic heater, and the metal cap are connected with copper solder. A ceramic glow plug characterized in that the outer periphery of the metal outer cylinder and the inner cavity of the metal fitting are soldered with silver.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15702883A JPS6048421A (en) | 1983-08-26 | 1983-08-26 | Ceramic glow plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15702883A JPS6048421A (en) | 1983-08-26 | 1983-08-26 | Ceramic glow plug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6048421A JPS6048421A (en) | 1985-03-16 |
| JPH039370B2 true JPH039370B2 (en) | 1991-02-08 |
Family
ID=15640603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15702883A Granted JPS6048421A (en) | 1983-08-26 | 1983-08-26 | Ceramic glow plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6048421A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002270339A (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2002-09-20 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | Ceramic heater |
-
1983
- 1983-08-26 JP JP15702883A patent/JPS6048421A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6048421A (en) | 1985-03-16 |
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