JPH0379782A - Insoluble electrode with laminated porous body - Google Patents
Insoluble electrode with laminated porous bodyInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0379782A JPH0379782A JP1213790A JP21379089A JPH0379782A JP H0379782 A JPH0379782 A JP H0379782A JP 1213790 A JP1213790 A JP 1213790A JP 21379089 A JP21379089 A JP 21379089A JP H0379782 A JPH0379782 A JP H0379782A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- anode
- generation
- chlorine
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
［産業上の利用分野］
本発明は多孔置体積層不溶性電極に関するもので、詳し
くは、電極面に多孔質層よりなる濃度拡散層を設けたこ
とにより反応制御が容易となった不溶性電極に関するも
のである。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a porous laminated insoluble electrode, and more specifically, reaction control is facilitated by providing a concentration diffusion layer made of a porous layer on the electrode surface. This relates to insoluble electrodes.
［従来の技術」
従来の工業電解用電極は、平面電極面上で反応させる場
合が主である。この場合の電極形状としては、単に平面
状のもののみならず、対象反応に応じて、例えば、電極
表面にひだをつけるとか、電極表面を荒くして表面積を
大きくするとか種々の工夫がなされている。また、電極
自身を多孔質にするとか、メツシュにしたり、電極に孔
を開ける等の工夫もなされているが、いずれの場合も、
本質的には、電極面上で自由に反応させることを基本と
している。一方、陽極として、白金、チタンを白金で被
覆した電極、チタン表面を不溶化した電極（いわゆる、
不溶性陽極）等が用いられているが、普通は、平面のま
ま用いられている。しかしながら、表面の触媒能力だけ
では希望する電極性能が得られない場合が生じ、新しい
要求に対応できない場合が生じてきている。例えば、電
磁推進船に設置される陽極は海水から塩素を殆ど発生さ
せないことが、要求されているが従来の電極では塩素発
生を押さえることが殆どできなかった。[Prior Art] Conventional industrial electrolytic electrodes are mainly used for reactions on a flat electrode surface. In this case, the shape of the electrode is not limited to just a flat shape, but various measures have been taken depending on the target reaction, such as adding pleats to the electrode surface or making the electrode surface rough to increase the surface area. There is. In addition, attempts have been made to make the electrode itself porous, to make it a mesh, or to make holes in the electrode, but in any case,
Essentially, it is based on allowing reactions to occur freely on the electrode surface. On the other hand, as an anode, platinum, an electrode with titanium coated with platinum, an electrode with an insolubilized titanium surface (so-called
Insoluble anodes) are used, but they are usually used as is. However, there are cases in which the desired electrode performance cannot be obtained with only surface catalytic ability, and new demands cannot be met. For example, anodes installed in electromagnetic propulsion vessels are required to generate almost no chlorine from seawater, but conventional electrodes have been unable to suppress the generation of chlorine.
また、懸濁粒子は反応させないで、溶解物質のみを反応
させることなどは困難であった。Furthermore, it is difficult to react only dissolved substances without reacting suspended particles.
［発明が解決しようとする課題］
本発明は上記実情に鑑み、例えば、電磁推進船用電極に
おいて、海水を電解した場合であっても、塩素の発生が
殆どなく、酸素の発生量が多く、しかも、耐久性に優れ
た不溶性電極を提供しようとするものである。電磁推進
船では、強！ｉ場下海水に大電流（直流）を流して推力
を得る。従って、海水を電気分解しながら航行すること
になり、陽極から塩素と酸素が発生する。環境問題や腐
蝕等を考えて、塩素発生は出来るだけ少なくすることが
要求されている。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention provides an electrode for an electromagnetic propulsion ship that generates almost no chlorine and generates a large amount of oxygen even when seawater is electrolyzed. The aim is to provide an insoluble electrode with excellent durability. In electromagnetic propulsion ships, it is strong! i Obtain thrust by passing a large current (DC) through seawater. Therefore, the ship navigates while electrolyzing seawater, and chlorine and oxygen are generated from the anode. Considering environmental issues and corrosion, it is required to reduce chlorine generation as much as possible.
［課題を解決するための手段］
本発明は、白金電極またはその他の不溶性電極の表面上
に、導電性を有しない材質によって層を形成させること
により達成される。すなわち、多孔質層が濃度拡散層と
して動き、電極反応を制御することができるのである。[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention is achieved by forming a layer of a non-conductive material on the surface of a platinum electrode or other insoluble electrode. In other words, the porous layer acts as a concentration diffusion layer and can control electrode reactions.
本発明の電極は、多孔質層を電極面前に設けることによ
り、濃度バリヤーとして働かせ、また、ある場合には隔
膜として働かせることにより、希望する反応を選択的に
行なわせることができる。The electrode of the present invention can selectively carry out a desired reaction by providing a porous layer in front of the electrode surface to act as a concentration barrier, or in some cases as a diaphragm.
そして、例えば、海水電解時に白金電極を用いると、電
流効率で６０〜７０％の塩素ガスが発生するが、細孔直
径１００００ Ａ、厚み０．５ｍｍの多孔質層を設置し
た場合には、塩素ガスの発生を１０％以下に低減するこ
とができるのである。For example, if a platinum electrode is used during seawater electrolysis, chlorine gas will be generated with a current efficiency of 60-70%, but if a porous layer with a pore diameter of 10,000 A and a thickness of 0.5 mm is installed, chlorine gas will be generated. Gas generation can be reduced to 10% or less.
本発明において基体となる電極としては、安定で不溶性
であれば陰極、陽極ともに、その材料に制限はなく、対
象とする電極反応に応じて適宜選択することができる。In the present invention, the material of the electrode serving as the substrate for both the cathode and the anode is not limited as long as it is stable and insoluble, and can be appropriately selected depending on the target electrode reaction.
通常、陰極としては、例えば、白金、ステンレス、ニッ
ケル、白金被覆ニッケル等が挙げられ、また、陽極とし
ては、例えば、白金、白金被覆ニッケル等が挙げられ、
また、陽極としては、例えば、白金、白金被覆チタン、
ＲｕＯ２はＩｒＯ２で被覆したチタン電極（いわゆる、
不溶性電極〉等が挙げられる。これらの電極の形状は通
常、平面形状のものでよいが、場合によって、加工を加
えたものでも差し支えない。Usually, examples of the cathode include platinum, stainless steel, nickel, platinum-coated nickel, etc., and examples of the anode include platinum, platinum-coated nickel, etc.
In addition, as the anode, for example, platinum, platinum-coated titanium,
RuO2 is a titanium electrode coated with IrO2 (so-called
Insoluble electrode> etc. The shape of these electrodes may normally be a planar shape, but depending on the case, they may be shaped.
また、本発明では、上述の電極表面上に多孔質層を形成
させることを必須の要件とするものである。この多孔質
層を形成する材質としては、電極反応に対して安定であ
る上、導電性を有しないことが必要であり、通常、ガラ
ス、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニルな
どの合成樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリアミ
ドなどの合成ｍ維等が挙げられる。多孔質層の形成方法
としては、例えば、多孔質ガラスなどの多孔質板状物を
積層する方法、合成樹脂製の網り４０〜２００メツシユ
）などを複数枚重ねて積層する方法、合成樹脂製不織布
などの膜状物を積層する方法等が挙げられる。これらの
中で、多孔質ガラスを用いた場合には、細孔直径の制御
が容易であり電極反応も良好に行なうことができるので
特に好ましい。Moreover, in the present invention, it is an essential requirement to form a porous layer on the surface of the above-mentioned electrode. The material forming this porous layer needs to be stable against electrode reactions and not conductive, and is usually glass, synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride, and polyethylene terephthalate. , synthetic fibers such as polyamide, and the like. Porous layers can be formed by, for example, laminating porous plates such as porous glass, laminating multiple sheets of synthetic resin mesh (40 to 200 mesh), or laminating synthetic resin nets (40 to 200 mesh). Examples include a method of laminating film-like materials such as nonwoven fabrics. Among these, it is particularly preferable to use porous glass because the pore diameter can be easily controlled and the electrode reaction can be carried out well.
多孔質層の厚さは、一般的に、０．１〜ＩＩＩＩ＋Ｉｌ
、好ましくは０．２〜０．８ｍｍＰｊ！度である。また
、多孔質層の細孔直径は、通常、１０００〜１００ＯＯ
ＯＡの範囲である。これら多孔質層の選定は対象とする
電極反応に応じて多々、最適値を決定することができる
。The thickness of the porous layer is generally 0.1 to III+Il
, preferably 0.2 to 0.8 mmPj! degree. In addition, the pore diameter of the porous layer is usually 1000 to 100OO
This is the range of OA. The optimum value of these porous layers can be determined depending on the target electrode reaction.
電極表面上への多孔質層の固定方法としては、通常、
■ 多孔質材料を基本電極面に積層し例えば、荒い目の
プラスチックの格子などで多孔質材料が外れないように
押え付ける方法。または、■ 多孔質材料の片面を蒸着
またはメツキにより白金層で覆った後、基本電極面に合
せて接着性樹脂等（エポキシ系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂な
ど）で固めて固定する方法等が挙げられる。The methods for fixing the porous layer on the electrode surface are usually: (1) Layering the porous material on the basic electrode surface and pressing it down with, for example, a coarse plastic grid to prevent it from coming off. Alternatively, one method is to cover one side of the porous material with a platinum layer by vapor deposition or plating, and then harden and fix it with adhesive resin, etc. (epoxy resin, urethane resin, etc.) in line with the basic electrode surface. .
［実施例］
次に、本発明の電極について実施例を挙げて更に具体的
に説明するが、本発明は力）かる実施例のみに限定され
るものではない。[Example] Next, the electrode of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.
実施例１
第１図に示すような電極を作製した。すなわち、細孔直
径１００００ Ａ、厚み０．５ｎｍｍの多孔質ガラス２
の片面に白金３ａを約０．１μｍｔ蒸着した後、さらに
約１０μｍの厚みに白金をメツキ３ｂを施して、これに
白金被覆チタン電極１を合せて、裏面と横の部分を樹脂
で固めて電極を作製した。Example 1 An electrode as shown in FIG. 1 was produced. That is, porous glass 2 with a pore diameter of 10,000 A and a thickness of 0.5 nm
After depositing platinum 3a in a thickness of approximately 0.1 μm on one side of the plate, plating 3b with platinum to a thickness of approximately 10 μm is applied, and the platinum-coated titanium electrode 1 is placed on this, and the back and side portions are hardened with resin to form the electrode. was created.
この電極を陽極に、白金板を陰極に使用し、３５％食塩
水中に浸し、第１表を示すように電流密度を変え、以下
に示す方法により酸素発生率を調べた。その結果を第１
表に示す。Using this electrode as an anode and a platinum plate as a cathode, the electrodes were immersed in 35% saline, the current density was changed as shown in Table 1, and the oxygen generation rate was examined by the method shown below. The result is the first
Shown in the table.
く酸素発生効率）
所定の時間電解した後、電解液をヨウ素滴定し、生成し
た塩素量を測定し、次式にしたがって塩素発生効率を求
める。１００％から塩素発生効率を引いた値を酸素発生
効率とする。Oxygen generation efficiency) After electrolyzing for a predetermined time, the electrolytic solution is titrated with iodine, the amount of chlorine generated is measured, and the chlorine generation efficiency is determined according to the following formula. The value obtained by subtracting the chlorine generation efficiency from 100% is defined as the oxygen generation efficiency.
［塩素発生効率（％）］
［滴定により得た塩素発生量〈ｇ）］
＝ Ｘ１００［電
解電気量より算出した理論的
塩素発生量（ｇ）コ
［酸素発生効率（％）］ ＝１００− ［塩素発生効率
（％）］
第１表
実施例 ２
白金板上に、ポリエチレン網を電極面から順に５０メツ
シユの網、７０メツシユの網、１００メツシユの網、１
５０メツシユの網、１８０メツシユの網をそれぞれ一枚
づつ積層して、その上をプラスチック格子で押さえて電
極とした。実施例１と同様にして酸素発生効率Ｊ３よび
塩素発生効率を調べた結果を第２表に示す。[Chlorine generation efficiency (%)] [Chlorine generation amount obtained by titration (g)] = Chlorine generation efficiency (%)] Table 1 Example 2 Polyethylene mesh was placed on a platinum plate in order from the electrode surface: 50 mesh mesh, 70 mesh mesh, 100 mesh mesh, 1
One 50-mesh mesh and one 180-mesh mesh were laminated, and the top was pressed with a plastic grid to form an electrode. Table 2 shows the results of examining the oxygen generation efficiency J3 and chlorine generation efficiency in the same manner as in Example 1.
第２表
比較例
実施例１の方法において、
白金板をそのまま
電極とした場合の酸素発生効率および塩素発生効率を調
べた。その結果を第３表に示す。Table 2 Comparative Examples In the method of Example 1, the oxygen generation efficiency and chlorine generation efficiency were investigated when the platinum plate was used as an electrode. The results are shown in Table 3.
第
表
実施例３
白金板の上に細孔直径４５００Ａ、厚み０．５ｍｍの多
孔質ガラスを積層し、これを絶縁テープで止め、電極の
縁はそのままにした状態で、酸素発生効率おび塩素発生
効率を調べた。その結果を第４表に示す。Table Example 3 Porous glass with a pore diameter of 4500 A and a thickness of 0.5 mm was laminated on a platinum plate, and this was fixed with insulating tape, leaving the edges of the electrodes as they were. I looked into efficiency. The results are shown in Table 4.
第
表
実施例４
実施例３で使用した電極の縁を樹脂で覆って、更に改良
した電極とした場合の酸素発生効率おび塩素発生効率を
第５表に示した。Table 5 Example 4 Table 5 shows the oxygen generation efficiency and chlorine generation efficiency when the edge of the electrode used in Example 3 was covered with a resin to create a further improved electrode.
第５′
表
［発明の効果］
以上の結果より、実施例１および実施例２で得られた本
発明の電極と比較例の電極の場合の酸素発生効率を較べ
ると本発明の電極の方が格段に優れていることが判る。Table 5' [Effects of the Invention] From the above results, when comparing the oxygen generation efficiency between the electrode of the present invention obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 and the electrode of the comparative example, the electrode of the present invention is superior. It turns out that it's significantly better.
従って、本発明の電極においては、電極反応の制御がで
きることが理解できる。Therefore, it can be understood that in the electrode of the present invention, the electrode reaction can be controlled.
この実施例における多孔質層の役割は、溶質の濃度バリ
ヤーである。海水電解において、陽極における反応は、
塩化物イオンの酸化による塩素の発生と水の酸化による
酸素発生であるが、塩化物イオンが電極面上で反応する
ためには沖合から塩化物イオンが拡散してくる必要があ
る。このイオンの拡散を、電極面上に設置した多孔質層
が妨げる役目をするのである。一方、溶媒である水は、
多量に存在し、電極面上にはいつでも存在するので、酸
素発生は妨げられないのである。したがって、塩素発生
を出来るだけ押えるためには、電極面上に設置する多孔
質層の孔径と厚みを調節すると同時に贋拌、対流による
影響を受けないようにするのが望ましい。例えば、多孔
質体をつなぎあわせた場合には隙間を作らないようにす
るか、隙間は埋めるようにする、電極の縁はコートする
等の手当をすることが好ましい。The role of the porous layer in this example is a solute concentration barrier. In seawater electrolysis, the reaction at the anode is
Chlorine is generated by oxidation of chloride ions, and oxygen is generated by oxidation of water. In order for chloride ions to react on the electrode surface, chloride ions must diffuse from offshore. The porous layer placed on the electrode surface serves to prevent the diffusion of these ions. On the other hand, water, which is a solvent,
Since it is present in large quantities and is always present on the electrode surface, oxygen evolution is not hindered. Therefore, in order to suppress the generation of chlorine as much as possible, it is desirable to adjust the pore diameter and thickness of the porous layer placed on the electrode surface, and at the same time to prevent it from being affected by agitation and convection. For example, when porous bodies are joined together, it is preferable to take measures such as not creating gaps or filling the gaps, or coating the edges of the electrodes.
第１図は実施例１で作成した本発明の電極の一例を示す
断面図であり、１は白金被覆チタン電極、２は多孔質ガ
ラスを示す。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the electrode of the present invention prepared in Example 1, where 1 shows a platinum-coated titanium electrode and 2 shows a porous glass.
Claims (1)
導電性を有しない材質によつて多孔質層を形成させたこ
とを特徴とする多孔質体積層不溶性電極。(1) On the surface of a platinum electrode or other insoluble electrode,
A porous laminated insoluble electrode characterized in that a porous layer is formed of a material that does not have conductivity.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1213790A JPH0379782A (en) | 1989-08-19 | 1989-08-19 | Insoluble electrode with laminated porous body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1213790A JPH0379782A (en) | 1989-08-19 | 1989-08-19 | Insoluble electrode with laminated porous body |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0379782A true JPH0379782A (en) | 1991-04-04 |
Family
ID=16645098
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1213790A Pending JPH0379782A (en) | 1989-08-19 | 1989-08-19 | Insoluble electrode with laminated porous body |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0379782A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1613555A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-01-11 | Markos Ninolakis | Electrochemical method of sterilizing the sea ballast of ships |
-
1989
- 1989-08-19 JP JP1213790A patent/JPH0379782A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1613555A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-01-11 | Markos Ninolakis | Electrochemical method of sterilizing the sea ballast of ships |
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