JPH0371085B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a mushroom culture method capable of industrially mass-producing mushrooms, and a mushroom culture bag used therein. [Prior Art] Artificial cultivation of mushrooms is generally carried out on a small scale by farmers using bamboo shoots, but it is currently being considered that they can be mass-produced through industrial production processes. For example, enoki mushrooms, yellowtail mushrooms, and the like are industrially cultivated by filling bottles with a mushroom culture medium, inoculating the seeds with inoculum, and culturing them. However, such bottle cultivation can be applied to mushrooms such as enoki mushrooms and yellowtail mushrooms, but cannot be applied to nameko mushrooms, maitake mushrooms, etc. because the mouth of the bottle is narrow and the mushrooms cannot be collected from there. Therefore, in the artificial cultivation of Nameko mushrooms, Maitake mushrooms, etc., a culture bag is used, and the bag is filled with a medium and inoculated with the mushroom starter.After culturing, the bag is opened at the shoulder and the medium is taken out, allowing mushrooms to grow. It is being done. However, it is extremely difficult to automate artificial cultivation using such mushroom culture bags.
For example, for this type of artificial cultivation, a transparent culture bag 1 made of polypropylene film as shown in Fig. 1 is used, and the upper opening is connected to a ring-shaped shoulder cap 2.
The culture bag 1 is passed through the bag and folded back to the outside, and in this state, the cap 4 having the filter 3 inside is fitted onto the shoulder cap 2 and sealed, and culture is carried out to prevent bacteria from entering the inside of the culture bag 1. ing. In this case, outside air passes through a filter 3 provided in the cap 4 to remove germs before entering the culture bag 1. however,
In this way, put the top of the culture bag 1 into the shoulder cap 2, fold it back outside, and place the filter 3 there.
Fitting the built-in cap 4 requires a complicated operation and is not suitable for automation. Therefore, the reality is that we rely on manual labor, which is the cause of the high cost of produced mushrooms. Alternatively, instead of the culture bag 1 described above, a filter 3 is attached to a part of the bag 1, as shown in FIG. A culture bag 6 has also been proposed, but attaching such an expensive filter 3 to a disposable culture bag 6 means that the culture bag 6
This is undesirable because it increases the cost of mushrooms, which in turn increases the cost of the mushrooms produced. [Problem to be solved by the invention] Instead of attaching a filter to such a bag, a part of the plastic bag is made with micropores (0.02~
A mushroom culture bag has been proposed in which the micropores have a filtering effect to prevent the intrusion of bacteria (Utility Model Publication No. 57-22518). However, in the culture bag, the micropores are formed in the thickness direction of the plastic bag material, and since the thickness of the bag material is extremely thin, the length of the micropores is inevitably extremely small. It has a major drawback in that it is too short to provide a sufficient filtration distance and cannot effectively prevent the invasion of germs. Furthermore, the above-mentioned micropores cannot achieve sufficient aeration (inhalation of oxygen and emission of carbon dioxide) to cultivate mushroom mycelium, which poses a problem in stable cultivation of mushrooms, and the above-mentioned container is a bag. Because of the shape, it is not possible to secure sufficient space between the micropores and the culture medium. Therefore, in this space, gas from internal respiration and external air are mixed, creating a culture atmosphere. improvement is not maintained,
Furthermore, a situation may occur in which the mushroom fungus spreads and the medium swells, causing the micropores to become clogged. On the other hand, instead of devising the mushroom culture bag in this way, as shown in Figure 3, a normal polypropylene transparent film bag 7 is filled with the culture medium 5, and after inoculating the mushroom inoculum, the top of the bag is opened. Twist it, fold the twisted part back into a ring shape, and attach the folded part to the rubber ring 8.
A method has also been proposed in which the bag is tied up using a rubber ring 8, but this method also involves twisting the top of the bag and tying it up with a rubber ring 8, making it difficult to automate the bag and inevitably requiring manual work. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and provides a mushroom cultivation method that enables mass production of mushrooms through automation, reduces the cost of mushrooms, and stably cultivates mushrooms, and provides a method for culturing mushrooms therein. Its purpose is to provide mushroom culture bags. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a step of filling and sterilizing a mushroom culture medium into a bottomed cylindrical container made of a film-like material, and adding a mushroom seed culture to the mushroom culture medium. A mushroom cultivation method comprising a step of inoculating a mushroom, and a step of sealing the opening of the containing material and culturing,
The opening of the housing material is sealed leaving an upper space above the mushroom culture medium for exchange of gas from internal respiration of the mushroom fungus with outside air, and when sealing, the opening of the housing material is made horizontally long. Then, the edge of one oblong opening is overlapped with the edge of the other oblong opening to form a portion to be sealed, and the first and second narrow strip-shaped welded portions are connected from one vertical side edge of the portion to be sealed into upper and lower halves. The first and second narrow strip-shaped welded parts are extended in a row substantially parallel to the other vertical side edge, leaving a non-welded part between the tip and the other vertical side edge, respectively. In between, a third narrow strip-shaped welded portion is extended approximately parallel to these from the other vertical side edge toward one vertical side edge, leaving a non-welded portion between the tip and one vertical side edge. The first gist is a mushroom cultivation method in which an air flow path is formed between each of the three rows of narrow strip-shaped welded parts and the non-welded part at the tip of each row, and the mushroom cultivation method is a mushroom cultivation method in which an air flow path is formed between each of the three rows of narrow strip-shaped welded parts and the non-welded part at the tip of each row. A mushroom culture bag is a mushroom culture bag in which a mushroom culture medium is housed in a housing material, and the opening of the housing material is sealed, and the sealed part is arranged above the mushroom culture medium to absorb gas from internal respiration of the mushroom fungus and external air. It is formed with an upper space left for exchange with the mushroom culture bag, and the sealed parts are arranged in two vertical rows from one vertical edge near the opening of the mushroom culture bag to the other vertical edge. first and second narrow strip-shaped welds extending substantially parallel to each other and leaving a non-welded portion between the tip and the other vertical side edge; and between the first and second narrow strip-shaped welds a third narrow strip-shaped weld portion extending substantially parallel to and in the opposite direction to these and leaving a non-weld portion between the tip and one longitudinal side edge;
The second aspect is a mushroom culture bag that is constituted by an air flow path formed between each of the three rows of narrow strip-shaped welded parts and a non-welded part at the tip of each row. Next, this invention will be explained in detail. In the mushroom culturing method of the present invention, mushrooms are cultured, for example, as follows. That is, first, a transparent mushroom culture bag made of polypropylene film or the like is prepared. This mushroom culture bag has heat resistance of 100°C or higher and is heat sealable. Next, this mushroom culture bag is filled with a mushroom culture medium mixed with sawdust, rice bran, etc. and hydrated.
After adjusting the overall shape, the bag is sterilized by placing it in a heat sterilizer with the top open. In some cases, rather than sterilizing after filling, both the mushroom culture bag and the mushroom culture medium may be sterilized in advance.
Filling with mushroom culture medium is done,
This is also included in filling and sterilization in the present invention. Then, after sterilization is completed, it is placed in a sterile room. After cooling (below 30°C) in this sterile room, a desired mushroom starter such as shiitake, nameko, maitake, etc. is inoculated.
After inoculating the mushroom inoculum in this way, the bag is heat-sealed in the vicinity of the upper opening using a heat-sealing machine. In this case, the pair of left and right heat sealing molds of the heat sealing machine are each provided with recesses extending in the vertical direction in a horizontal row at predetermined intervals. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
An air flow path 11 is formed in a meandering shape and communicates with the inside of the main body. This heat-sealed portion 10 is shown in an enlarged view in FIG. In the figure, h is the height of the seal part, 2 to 9 cm, a is the width of the air flow path, 1 cm, and b is the air flow path interval (width of the fused part by heat sealing), which is 2 cm.
mm. Furthermore, the length of the air flow path is 15 cm.
That is, the air flow path 11 is formed by heat-sealing the front and back surfaces of a bag made of polypropylene film, leaving only a portion, at the upper opening of the bag, and is bent in a so-called crank shape. are doing. In addition, in FIG. 4, 12 is a culture medium filled inside, and 13 is an inoculated seed culture. In other words, since the culture bag 9 is entirely a transparent bag, the filled culture medium 12 and the inoculated seed culture 13 are is clearly visible from the outside. The work up to this point is carried out in a sterile room. Next, the bag 9 with the upper opening 14 heat-sealed as described above
are placed in a culture chamber that is air-conditioned but with limited air flow for controlled cultivation. In this case, since the upper opening 14 of the culture bag 9 is heat-sealed leaving the air flow path 11, the inside of the bag 9 and the outside are communicated through the air flow path 11, and air flows therethrough. However, in the process of passing through the crank-shaped air flow path 11, the bacteria in the air contact and adhere to a part of the flow path, so they do not reach the inside of the culture bag 9. Therefore, only clean air from which germs have been removed reaches the inside of the culture bag 9.
This is an application of Pasteur's flask principle (even if you put meat juice in a flask with an elongated tube, bacteria will not adhere to the elongated tube and invade the inside, so it will not spoil). Therefore, the situation where the mushroom seed fungus is attacked by the proliferation of various bacteria does not occur at all. Such pure culture allows sufficient growth of hyphae in the medium. After the mycelium has grown sufficiently in this way, the bag 9 is removed by cutting off a part of the bag, etc., and the medium 12 is removed.
Take the mushrooms outside, sprout them, and add them to medium 12.
Generates nameko, maitake, etc. In the above explanation, the mushroom starter 13 is inoculated after filling the mushroom culture bag 9 with the mushroom culture medium 12. Needless to say, it may be filled inside. Further, in the above description, the mushroom culture bag 9 is made of plastic film, but the mushroom culture bag 9 is not limited to this. A paper material having air-blocking properties may be used, or metal foil or the like may be used. Furthermore, the sealing method is not limited to heat sealing. Any sealing method may be used as long as the air flow path 11 can be formed. For example, they may be bonded using an adhesive. [Operations and Effects] The present invention seals the opening while leaving an upper space above the mushroom culture medium, so that the amount of residual air after sealing is maintained, and moreover, mushrooms can grow in this space. Gases from internal respiration during culture are mixed with external air, and the culture atmosphere is maintained in a good condition. Furthermore, even if the mushroom fungus spreads and expands inside, the presence of the upper space prevents the air passage from being blocked and its circulation from being obstructed. 1, 2nd and 3rd strip-shaped welded parts are provided in mutually opposite directions throughout the opening of the housing material, so that air can be kept between each of these rows and the non-welded part at the tip of each row. Since a flow path is formed, the air flow path has a structure in which one long passage is bent into a crank shape. As the air passes through the long passage, germs in the air adhere to the walls of the passage and are removed. That is, the present invention is suitable for sealing and sterilizing containers containing syringes, etc. After sealing, gas sterilization (the small hole provided in the container has the minimum size to allow sterilizing gas to be pressurized, and after sterilization, outside air is removed). The air flow path is used as an introduction path for outside air (necessary for mushroom growth) because it is sealed after sterilization and used for culturing mushrooms. It is essential and its dimensions are set large. Since the air flow path is bent in a crank shape, germs in the air come into contact with the wall surface of the flow path, adhere to the wall surface, and are captured and removed. Therefore, according to the present invention, the culture stability of mushrooms can be improved. Further, since the present invention seals the opening of the containing material as described above, it does not require complicated operations like conventional sealing operations, and therefore, for example, special processing for forming air channels is not required. By simply heat-sealing the opening of the bag using a heat-sealing mold, leaving a portion of the opening as an air flow path, the inside of the mushroom culture bag can be sealed off from outside germs. It can also be easily automated using mushroom culture bags. Moreover, mushroom cultivation using culture bags allows the cultivation of shiitake, nameko, maitake, etc., which were previously difficult to cultivate using bottle cultivation, and can be mass-produced, making it possible to realize industrial mass production of these mushrooms. . Further, since the bag used can be a conventional plastic film bag made of polypropylene or the like, there is no increase in cost. Next, examples will be described in detail. [Example 1] Cylindrical extrusion with a diameter of 12 cm and a thickness
A 50 μm transparent plastic film was cut into a length of 30 cm. Then, the opposite parts of the cylinder are aligned in the length direction through the central axis, the folded parts are folded into a gusset so that they touch in the center, and the bottom part is heat-sealed to make it transparent. I made a polypropylene mushroom culture bag. Next, this mushroom culture bag was filled with 1 kg of a medium prepared by adding water to 4 parts by weight of sawdust (hereinafter abbreviated as "part") and 1 part of rice bran to have a residual water percentage of 70%. Then, this was placed in a heat sterilization pot with the top opening of the bag left open, and sterilized by holding at 120° C. for 90 minutes. Next, this was taken out into a clean room and cooled until the culture medium temperature reached 25°C, after which 5g of Shiitake sawdust seed was inoculated (inoculated), heat sealed as shown in Figure 4, and the air flow path was established as shown in Figure 5. The settings were set as shown below. Next, after heat sealing was completed, it was taken out from the clean room and transferred to a culture room. This culture room was maintained at 20-25°C and 90% humidity, and the floor was kept clean. [Comparative Example 1] A medium was placed in a mushroom culture bag, and the top opening was not sealed, and culture was performed in that state. [Comparative Example 2] Culture was carried out as shown in FIG. 1 using a commercially available shoulder cap and a cap with a sponge filter. The contamination rate due to fallen bacteria and the state of mycelial growth in the above Examples and Comparative Examples were examined, and the results are shown in the table below. In addition, each experiment consisted of 300
This shows the results obtained using a culture bag.

[Table] As is clear from the table above, the number of contaminants due to fallen bacteria in each of the examples is about the same as Comparative Example 2 using a commercially available shoulder cap, and the state of mycelial spread is also about the same. I understand that. That is, according to the present invention, by extremely simple operation,
It can be seen that results equivalent to those using commercially available shoulder caps can be obtained. Moreover, according to the present invention,
Compared to the case of using commercially available shoulder caps, the operation is extremely simple, making it easier to achieve industrial mass production and reducing the cost of produced mushrooms.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. 3 are conventional explanatory diagrams,
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is an enlarged explanatory diagram of a heat-sealed portion in which an air flow path is formed. 9, 15...Culture bag, 10...Heat seal part, 11...Air flow path, 12...Mushroom culture medium, 1
3... Mushroom seed fungus, 14... Open mouth.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A step of filling and sterilizing a mushroom culture medium into a bottomed cylindrical containing material made of a film-like material, a step of inoculating the mushroom seed culture into the mushroom culture medium, and a step of sealing the opening of the above-mentioned containing material. A mushroom cultivation method comprising a step of culturing, in which the opening of the container is sealed, leaving an upper space above the mushroom culture medium for exchange of gas from internal respiration of the mushroom fungus with outside air. When sealing is performed, the opening of the containing material is made horizontally elongated, the edge of one oblong opening overlaps the edge of the other oblong opening to form a portion to be sealed, and from one vertical side edge of the portion to be sealed. The first and second narrow strip-shaped welded portions are extended in upper and lower rows in two rows approximately parallel to the other longitudinal edge, leaving a non-welded portion between the respective tips and the other longitudinal edge. , between the first and second narrow welded parts, a third narrow welded part is extended approximately parallel thereto from the other vertical side edge to the one vertical side edge, and the tip thereof and one A non-welded portion is left between the vertical side edge and an air flow path is formed between each of the three rows of narrow strip-shaped welded portions and at the non-welded portion at the tip of each row. mushroom cultivation method. 2. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the containing material is made of plastic film. 3. The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 2, wherein the opening of the plastic film containing material is sealed by heat sealing. 4. A mushroom culture bag in which a mushroom culture medium is housed in a bottomed cylindrical containing material made of a film-like material, and the opening of the containing material is sealed, the sealed part being above the mushroom culture medium. It is formed with an upper space left for the exchange of gas from internal respiration of the fungus with outside air, and the sealed part extends from one vertical edge near the opening of the mushroom culture bag to the other vertical edge. first and second narrow strip-shaped welded parts that extend substantially parallel in two rows up and down in the direction of the side edge and leave a non-welded part between their tips and the other vertical side edge; A third narrow strip-shaped weld portion extending approximately parallel to and in the opposite direction between the second narrow strip-shaped weld portions and leaving a non-welded portion between the tip and one longitudinal side edge; A mushroom culture bag comprising an air flow path formed between each row of narrow strip-shaped welded parts and a non-welded part at the tip of each row. 5. The mushroom culture bag according to claim 4, wherein the material is a plastic film. 6. The mushroom culture bag according to claim 5, wherein the sealing is performed by heat sealing.