JPH0362107B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a dialysis device that removes waste products and water from blood.

"Prior Art" Conventionally, in a dialysis device, the inside of a dialysate container is divided into a supply chamber and a collection chamber by a movable partition, one supply chamber is used as the inlet of the dialyzer, and the other collection chamber is used as the outlet of the dialyzer. are connected to each other to form a sealed circuit with the supply chamber, the dialyzer, and the recovery chamber, and the fresh dialysate introduced into the supply chamber is supplied to the dialyzer according to the volume reduction caused by the movement of the movable partition wall. , and at the same time, a dialyzer is known in which the treated dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected into the collection chamber in response to an increase in the volume of the collection chamber due to the movement of the movable partition. (Special Publication No. 56-82).

In this type of dialysis machine, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer and the amount of treated dialysate collected from the dialyzer into the collection chamber can be precisely matched, so the sealing The amount of treated dialysate taken out from a part of the circuit matches the amount of ultrafiltration, so that the amount of ultrafiltration can be accurately controlled from the amount of treated dialysate taken out of the closed circuit. I can do it.

"Problem to be Solved by the Invention" However, in order to perform dialysis, it is necessary to discharge more treated dialysate from the dialyzer than the fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer. In this dialysis machine, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer is the same as the amount of treated dialysate collected from the dialyzer into the collection chamber, so there is no limit in the middle of the closed circuit. A means is required to take out the treated dialysate corresponding to the amount of filtration. In addition, in order to maintain the ultrafiltration amount per unit time stably for a long period of time, the means requires a high degree of reliability and durability, but in conventional methods, the ultrafiltration amount is based on dialysate. Because it is measured and taken out,
There was a drawback that the measuring means was contaminated by the dialysate, resulting in errors in the measured values.

"Means for Solving the Problem" In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a pair of first movable partitions in a first dialysate container, and in this first dialysate container, one of the first movable partitions is provided with a pair of first movable partitions. thus forming a first supply chamber partitioned by the first movable partition wall, a first recovery chamber partitioned by the other first movable partition wall, and a first variable volume chamber partitioned between both first movable partition walls, Further, the first variable volume chamber is filled with liquid so that as one first movable partition wall is displaced, the other first movable partition wall is displaced.
The volume of the first supply chamber and the volume of the first collection chamber can be increased and decreased in opposite directions by displacing the movable partition wall, and the second dialysate container is provided with a pair of second movable partition walls, and the second dialysate container is provided with a pair of second movable partition walls. In the container, a second supply chamber is defined by one second movable partition, a second recovery chamber is defined by the other second movable partition, and a second recovery chamber is further partitioned between both second movable partitions. and a second variable volume chamber, and the second variable volume chambers are filled with a liquid so that as one second movable partition wall is displaced, the other second movable partition wall is displaced to follow the displacement of one second movable partition wall, and a second The volume of the supply chamber and the volume of the second recovery chamber can be increased and decreased inversely to each other, and the first supply chamber and the second supply chamber are connected to the inlet of the dialyzer and the supply source of fresh dialysate via a flow path switching valve. selectively connecting the first recovery chamber and the second recovery chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer and the treated dialysate recovery section via a flow path switching valve, By switching the flow path of the switching valve,
The first supply chamber is used as an inlet of the dialyzer, the first collection chamber is used as an outlet of the dialyzer, the second supply chamber is used as a source of fresh dialysate, and the second collection chamber is used as a collection part of treated dialysate. a first connection state to connect, the second supply chamber to the inlet of the dialyzer, and the second collection chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer;
The first supply chamber can be alternately switched between a fresh dialysate supply source and a second connection state in which the first recovery chamber is connected to a treated dialysate recovery section, and the first variable volume chamber and the second The variable volume chamber is communicated with each other via a communication path and sealed,
and causing the liquid in the first variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the first connected state, and causing the liquid in the second variable volume chamber to flow into the first variable volume chamber in the second connected state, into the communication path. A pump is provided.

"Operation" According to the above configuration, the volume of the supply chamber and the volume of the collection chamber in each dialysate container increase and decrease inversely to each other, and by varying the volume of the variable volume chamber, the volume decrease of the supply chamber, i.e. Since the amount of increase in the volume of the collection chamber, that is, the amount of recovered treated dialysate can be made larger than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied to the dialyzer, the difference can be made equal to the amount of ultrafiltration. Therefore, there is no need for a means for taking out the treated dialysate as in the past, and it is easier to ensure reliability and durability than when such a means is provided.

And since the ultrafiltration amount can be controlled by the magnitude of the volume variation of the variable volume chamber,
Compared to the case where treated dialysate is taken directly from a sealed circuit, the amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled more reliably, and the pump can transfer sealed liquid from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber. The volume of each variable volume chamber can be increased or decreased at the same time by flowing the
The amount of ultrafiltration can be maintained constant in the connected state and the second connected state.

"Example" The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated example.
In FIG. 1, a dialyzer 1 that performs dialysis includes a treated liquid chamber 3 and a dialysate chamber 4 separated by a semipermeable membrane 2.
The blood as the liquid to be processed is supplied to the supply path 5.
The liquid to be treated is introduced into the liquid chamber 3 through the liquid chamber 3, and can be discharged to the outside through a discharge path 6.

In this embodiment, two first dialysate containers 10 and two second dialysate containers 10' are arranged in parallel, and fresh dialysate is alternately supplied to the dialyzer 1 by means of the respective dialysate containers 10 and 10'. is supplied and discharged, thereby performing dialysis.

The inside of the first dialysate container 10 is divided into three parts by two diaphragms 11 and 12 as movable partition walls.
The dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 formed on one side of the first dialysate container 10, which is divided into a first supply chamber 13, a first variable volume chamber 14, and a first collection chamber 15. The fresh dialysate is transferred to the first sealed circuit 16.
The dialysate is supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 through the dialyzer 1, and the treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is transferred into a first collection chamber 15 formed on the other side of the first dialysate container 10. We are making it possible to collect it. Note that the diaphragms 11 and 12 do not need to be completely separate bodies, and may be partially connected together.

The first sealed circuit 16 includes the first supply chamber 13
is communicated with the dialysate chamber 4 via the first supply path 17, first supply valve 18, filter 19, common supply path 20 and constant flow valve 21, and further includes a common recovery path 22, pump 23, and deaerator. 24, 1st collection path 2
5 and a first recovery valve 26, the first recovery chamber 15 is communicated with the inside of the first recovery chamber 15.

In addition, fresh dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 from a fresh dialysate supply source (not shown) through a common introduction path 29, an electromagnetic on-off valve 30, a manual on-off valve 31, a heater 32, a pump 33, and a deaerator. 34, the first inlet path 35 and the first inlet valve 36, and the treated dialysate from the first collection chamber 15 can be disposed of via the first waste valve 37, the first waste path 38,
The blood can be disposed of via the common waste channel 39 and the blood leakage sensor 40 to a recovery section such as a recovery tank (not shown).

A liquid 41 such as silicone oil is sealed in the first variable volume chamber 14 at the center formed in the first dialysate container 10, and when one diaphragm 11 moves, the liquid 41 The other diaphragm 12 is connected to the above diaphragm 11 through
It is designed to be able to be displaced by following the

And the filter 1 provided in the first supply path 17
9 allows the flow of the dialysate but blocks the flow of the liquid 41, so that even if the diaphragm 11 is damaged and the liquid 41 leaks into the first supply chamber 13, it will not leak into the dialyzer. 1 is prevented from being supplied.

Further, the liquid 4 is provided on the upstream side of the filter 19.
1, for example, the liquid 41
When colored silicone oil is used, a phototube 42 is provided so that damage to the diaphragm 11 can be detected by detecting that the dialysate has been colored by the silicone oil. On the other hand, damage to the diaphragm 12 can be detected by detection of silicone oil by the blood leakage sensor 40.

Note that the filter 1 corresponding to the filter 19 described above
9' to the second sealed circuit 1 on the second dialysate container 10' side.
Although the filter 19' is also provided in the common supply channel 6', it is possible to detect the breakage of the diaphragm 11' of the second dialysate container 10'. 20 may be provided with only one filter.

Further, as the detection means 42, an appropriate one can be used in consideration of the liquid 41 to be used.
Another example of a detection means using the silicone oil as the liquid 41 is to provide a transparent tube in part or all of the second supply path 17 upstream of the filter 19 so that the colored state can be visually observed from the outside. can do.

Further, the configuration of the second dialysate container 10' is the same as that of the first dialysate container 10, and the same parts are replaced with the reference numerals "'" used for the first dialysate container 10. It is shown with .

The first variable volume chamber 14 and the second variable volume chamber 14' of the dialysate containers 10, 10' are communicated with each other via a communication path 45, and a pump 46 is provided in the communication path 45. This allows the liquid 41 to flow alternately from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pump 46 includes a plate-shaped support member 47 fixed to a frame (not shown).
A cylinder 48 is attached to the support member 47 in the horizontal direction, and a piston 49 is slidably and rotatably fitted tightly into the cylinder 48 through the support member 47. A notch 49a having a predetermined shape is provided on the outer periphery of the tip of the piston 49.
This notch 49a and the piston 4
A pump chamber 50 whose volume can be varied is formed by the distal end surface of the cylinder 9 and the inner periphery of the cylinder 48 .

The communication path 45 is connected to the notch 4 of the piston 49.
9a is opened at a position facing the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 48, and as understood from FIG. Only one of the first variable volume chamber 14 and the second variable volume chamber 14' communicates with the inside of the pump chamber 50 via the cutout 49a.

Further, an arm 49c is attached to the distal end of the piston 49 protruding outward from the cylinder 48 so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction, and a spherical portion provided at the tip of the arm 49c is connected to the inner periphery of the cup-shaped joint 51. It is pivotally connected to a spherical recess 51a formed at a predetermined position. The joint 51 is connected to the drive shaft 52a of the servo motor 52 at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the piston 49. The servo motor 52 is controlled by a control device (not shown) including a microcomputer, and the control device measures the amount of rotation of the servo motor 52 by counting pulse signals from the servo motor 52, for example. It is now possible to monitor.

In the pump 46 having the above configuration, when the servo motor 52 is rotated, the piston 49, which is pivotally connected to the spherical recess 51a of the joint 51 via the arm 49c, is rotated in the one direction and the cylinder 48 is rotated. Since the inside of the pump chamber 50 is reciprocated, the volume of the pump chamber 50 can be increased or decreased accordingly.

When the piston 49 rotates clockwise in FIG. 3 and reaches the left end in FIG. 2, communication between the pump chamber 50 and the second variable volume chamber 14' is cut off, and at the same time, The first variable volume chamber 14 has a notch 49
It comes to communicate with the pump chamber 50 via a,
From this state, when the piston 49 is rotated and moved to the right to reduce the volume within the pump chamber 50, the liquid 41 within the pump chamber 50 is discharged into the first variable volume chamber 14.

Further, when the piston 49 reaches the right-hand end position in FIG. Notch 49
Since the piston 49 is communicated with the pump chamber 50 through the a, the piston 49 moves to the left from this state and the
When the volume inside the second variable volume chamber 14' is increased, the second variable volume chamber 14'
The liquid 41 inside is sucked into the pump chamber 50.

When the piston 49 reaches the left end in FIG. 2, the first variable volume chamber 14
communicates with the pump chamber 50 via the notch 49a, and the pump chamber 50 and the second variable volume chamber 14'
communication is cut off, and the above operation is repeated by the unidirectional rotation of the servo motor 52, causing the liquid 41 in the second variable volume chamber 14' to flow into the first variable volume chamber 14. be able to.

On the other hand, by reversing the servo motor 52, an operation opposite to the above-mentioned operation is performed, and the liquid 41 in the first variable volume chamber 14 can be made to flow into the second variable volume chamber 14'. . It should be noted that the pump 46 is not limited to the one in the above-described embodiment, but may be of any configuration as long as it is a pump such as a roller pump or the like in which the discharge direction can be changed by forward and reverse rotation of the motor.

In the above configuration, a certain time shown in Figure 4
At Ta, in the first closed circuit 16, the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26 are closed, and the first introduction valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are opened. On the other hand, in the second sealed circuit 16', contrary to the first sealed circuit 16, the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26' are opened, and the second introduction valve 3
6' and second waste valve 37' are closed.

Therefore, in this connection state, the first sealed circuit 1
6 is disconnected from the dialyzer 1, and fresh dialysate is forced into the first supply chamber 13 on the first sealed circuit 16 side by a pump 33. As a result, the diaphragms 11 and 12 are integrally moved to the right, so that the treated dialysate collected in the first collection chamber 15 is discharged to the outside via the waste path 39.

On the other hand, the second sealed circuit 16' is connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, and the fresh dialysate in the second supply chamber 13' is controlled at a constant flow rate by the constant flow valve 21, and is supplied to the dialyzer 1. The dialysate is supplied into the dialysate chamber 4, and the processed dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is transferred to the second collection chamber 1.
5'.

Further, the servo motor 52 that drives the pump 46 is rotated in the normal direction, so that the volume within the first variable volume chamber 14 increases and the volume within the second variable volume chamber 14' decreases. Therefore, a larger amount of treated dialysate is supplied into the second collection chamber 15' than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the second supply chamber 13' into the dialysate chamber 4.
The volume decrease in the second volume chamber 14' becomes the amount of ultrafiltration in the dialyzer 1.

From the above connection state, at time Tb shown in FIG. 4, the servo motor 52 is rotated forward by a predetermined amount, and the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14' becomes the minimum, and therefore the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 decreases. When the maximum value is reached, the rotation of the servo motor 52 is stopped, and each valve in the first closed circuit 16 is switched to open the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26,
The first inlet valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are closed.

As a result, the first sealed circuit 16 as well as the second sealed circuit 16' are connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, so that the fresh dialysate in the first supply chamber 13 and the second supply chamber 13' is supplied to the dialyzer. 1 into the dialysate chamber 4,
The treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is collected into the first recovery chamber 15 and the second recovery chamber 15'.

In this case, as described above, the servo motor 52
Since the operation of both variable volume chambers 1 has been stopped,
4, 14' does not change in volume, therefore, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from both supply chambers 13, 13' and the amount of treated dialysate collected into both collection chambers 15, 15' are the same. ultrafiltration is stopped.

When the time Tc in FIG. 4, which is a predetermined period of time after stopping the operation of the servo motor 52, is reached,
As the servo motor 52 starts to reverse rotation,
The valves in the second closed circuit 16' are switched to close the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26', and to open the second intake valve 36' and the second waste valve 37'. Then, communication between the second sealed circuit 16' and the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 is cut off, and the dialysate chamber 4 is cut off.
Fresh dialysate is supplied only from the first closed circuit 16.

In this connected state, the reverse rotation of the servo motor 52 causes the first variable volume chamber 1 to move in the opposite direction to the above operation.
Since the volume of the dialysate chamber 4 is gradually reduced, in the first closed circuit 16, a larger amount of treated dialysate is supplied into the dialysate chamber 4 from the first supply chamber 13 than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied into the dialysate chamber 4. The collection chamber 15 gradually collects the liquid, and therefore the first variable volume chamber 14
Ultrafiltration is performed corresponding to the volume reduction within the filter.

On the other hand, in the second sealed circuit 16', fresh dialysate is forced into the second supply chamber 13' by the pump 33, and the diaphragms 11 and 12 are integrally moved to the right. At the same time, the treated dialysate in the second collection chamber 15' is discharged to the outside via the waste path 39. At this time, by rotating the servo motor 52 in the reverse direction, the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14' is gradually increased from the minimum state.

Further, when the servo motor 52 is reversed by a predetermined amount, the servo motor 52 is rotated at that time Td.
The rotation of the second sealed circuit 1 is stopped, and the rotation of the second sealed circuit 1 is stopped.
6' are switched, the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26' are opened, and the second inlet valve 3 is opened.
6' and second waste valve 37' are closed. This state is the same as the state from time Tb to Tc described above.

Then, when a predetermined period of time has elapsed after the operation of the servo motor 52 was stopped, the normal rotation of the servo motor 52 is started at time Te, and the first
Each valve in the closed circuit 16 is switched so that the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26 are closed, and the first intake valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are opened. Then, the first sealed circuit 16 and the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1
Fresh dialysate is now supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 only from the second closed circuit 16'.

This connection state is the same as the connection state at time Ta described first, and the same operation is repeated thereafter to perform dialysis.

Next, FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first dialysate container 10 in the above embodiment is separated into a separate container 55 and The variable volume chambers 14, 14 formed in each container 55, 56 are communicated with each other via a conduit 57, and the conduit 57 is further connected to the pump 46 via the first communication path 45. There is. Further, the second dialysate container 10' has a similar structure and is indicated by the same reference numeral with "'" added thereto.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, each supply chamber 13, 1
3' to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 or the supply source of fresh dialysate, three-way switching valves 58, 58, 3' instead of the supply valves 18, 18' and inlet valves 36, 36', respectively. Similarly, three-way switching valves 59, 59' are used in place of the recovery valves 26, 26' and the waste valves 37, 37'.

Other configurations are not substantially different from the above embodiment, and it is clear that the same effects as the above embodiment can be obtained in this embodiment as well.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to match the volume variation of the variable volume chamber to the ultrafiltration rate, so that the treated dialysate is placed in the middle of the closed circuit as in the conventional case. Does not require a means for taking out, ensures reliability and durability compared to the case where such a means is provided, and allows the sealed liquid to flow from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber. As a result, the volume of each variable volume chamber can be increased or decreased at the same time, resulting in the effect that the amount of ultrafiltration can be maintained constant during the first connection state and the second connection state, which are alternately repeated. It will be done.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is a plan view showing the main parts of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along the - line in Fig. 2, Fig. 4 is a timing chart showing the operating state of Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a diagram showing other parts. It is a system diagram showing an example. 1... Dialyzer, 10... First dialysate container, 1
0'...Second dialysate container, 11, 12...Diaphragm (movable partition wall, first dialysate container side), 11',
12'... Diaphragm (movable partition wall, second dialysate container side), 13... First supply chamber, 14... First variable volume chamber, 15... First collection chamber, 16... First sealed circuit, 18... first supply valve, 26... first recovery valve, 36... first introduction valve, 37... first waste valve,
13'...Second supply chamber, 14'...Second variable volume chamber, 15'...Second recovery chamber, 16'...Second sealed circuit, 18'...Second supply valve, 26'... Second recovery valve, 36'...Second introduction valve, 37'...Second disposal valve, 41...Liquid, 45...Communication path, 46...Pump, 58, 59...Three-way switching valve, 58 ',5
9'...Three-way switching valve.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first dialysate container is provided with a pair of first movable partitions, and within the first dialysate container, a first supply chamber is defined by one of the first movable partitions, and a first supply chamber is defined by the other first movable partition. A first recovery chamber partitioned by a first movable partition wall and a first variable volume chamber further partitioned between both first movable partition walls are formed, and a liquid is filled in the first variable volume chamber. With the displacement of one first movable partition wall, the other first movable partition wall is displaced to follow the displacement of the first movable partition wall.
The volume of the supply chamber and the volume of the first collection chamber can be increased and decreased inversely to each other, and a pair of second movable partitions are provided in the second dialysate container, and one of the second movable partitions is provided in the second dialysate container. a second supply chamber partitioned by the second movable partition wall, a second recovery chamber partitioned by the other second movable partition wall, and a second variable volume chamber partitioned between the two second movable partition walls. In addition, the second variable volume chamber is filled with liquid, and as one second movable partition wall is displaced, the other second movable partition wall is displaced to follow, thereby adjusting the volume of the second supply chamber and the second recovery chamber. the volumes of the first supply chamber and the second supply chamber are selectively connected to an inlet of the dialyzer and a supply source of fresh dialysate via a flow path switching valve; selectively connecting the recovery chamber and the second recovery chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer and the treated dialysate recovery section via a flow path switching valve, and by switching the flow path of the flow path switching valve,
The first supply chamber is used as an inlet of the dialyzer, the first collection chamber is used as an outlet of the dialyzer, the second supply chamber is used as a source of fresh dialysate, and the second collection chamber is used as a collection part of treated dialysate. a first connection state to connect, the second supply chamber to the inlet of the dialyzer, and the second collection chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer;
The first supply chamber can be alternately switched to a second connection state in which the first supply chamber is connected to a supply source of fresh dialysate and the first collection chamber is connected to a recovery section for treated dialysate, and the first variable volume chamber and the second The variable volume chamber is communicated with each other via a communication path and sealed,
and causing the liquid in the first variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the first connected state, and causing the liquid in the second variable volume chamber to flow into the first variable volume chamber in the second connected state, into the communication path. A dialysis device characterized by being equipped with a pump.