JPH01227763A - Dialysis apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for providing means for taking out a treated dialyzing liquid to the mid-point of a hermetic circuit and to improve the reliability and durability by constituting variable volume chambers in such a manner that the volume fluctuation rate thereof coincides with an ultrafiltration rate. CONSTITUTION:A dialyzer 1 has a post treatment chamber 3 segmented by a semipermeable membrane 2 and a dialyzing liquid chamber 4. The fresh dialyzing liquid is alternately supplied and discharged to and from the dialyzer 1 by dialyzing liquid vessels 10, 10' which are juxtaposed with each other. The dialyzing liquid vessels 10, 10' are segmented by diaphragms 11, 11', 12, 12' to supply chamber 13, 13', the variable volume chambers 14, 14' and recovery chambers 15, 15'. The volumes of the supply chambers 13, 13' in the respective dialyzing liquid vessels 10, 10' and the volume of the recovering chambers 15, 15' increase or decrease each other. The volume decrease of the supply chambers 13, 13', i.e., the volume increase of the recovery chambers 15, 15' from the supply rate of the fresh dialyzing liquid to the dialyzer 1, i.e., the recovery rate of the treated dialyzing liquid is increased, by which the difference thereof is made to coincide with the ultrafiltration rate.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a dialysis device that removes waste products and water from blood.

"Prior Art" Conventionally, in a dialysis machine, the inside of a dialysate container is divided into a supply chamber and a collection chamber by a movable partition, one supply chamber is used as the dialyzer's outlet, and the other collection chamber is used as the outlet of the dialyzer. are connected to each other to form a sealed circuit with the supply chamber, the dialyzer, and the recovery chamber, and the fresh dialysate introduced into the supply chamber is supplied to the dialyzer according to the volume reduction caused by the movement of the movable partition wall. , and at the same time, a dialyzer is known in which the treated dialysate discharged from the dialyzer is collected into the collection chamber in response to an increase in the volume of the collection chamber due to the movement of the movable partition. (
Special Publication No. 56-82).

In this type of dialysis machine, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer can be accurately matched with the amount of treated dialysate collected from the dialyzer to the collection chamber, so that The amount of treated dialysate taken out from a part of the closed circuit matches the amount of ultrafiltration source A, so that the amount of ultrafiltration can be accurately controlled from the amount of treated dialysate taken out from the closed circuit. Can be done.

"Problem to be Solved by the Invention" However, in order to perform dialysis, it is necessary to discharge more treated dialysate from the dialyzer than the fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer. In this dialysis machine, the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the supply chamber to the dialyzer is the same as the amount of treated dialysate collected from the dialyzer into the collection chamber, so there is no limit in the middle of the closed circuit. A means is required to take out the treated dialysate corresponding to the amount of filtration. In addition, in order to maintain the ultrafiltration amount per unit time stably for a long period of time, the means requires a high degree of reliability and durability, but in conventional methods, the ultrafiltration amount is based on dialysate. Since the dialysate is measured and taken out, the drawback that the measuring means is contaminated by the dialysate and errors occur in the measured value has been eliminated.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In view of such circumstances, the present invention provides a pair of first movable partitions in a first dialysate container, so that one of the first movable partitions can be used within the first dialysate container. A first partitioned supply chamber, a first recovery chamber partitioned by the other first movable partition, and a first variable volume chamber partitioned between both first movable partitions are formed, and the first The variable volume chamber is filled with liquid, and as one first movable partition wall is displaced, the other first movable partition wall is displaced to follow, so that the volume of the first supply chamber and the volume of the first recovery chamber are reversed. The second dialysate container is provided with a pair of second movable partition walls, and the second dialysate container is provided with a pair of second movable partition walls.
In the dialysate container, a second supply chamber defined by one second movable partition, a second recovery chamber defined by the other second movable partition, and a second recovery chamber partitioned between both second movable partitions. A second supply chamber is formed by filling the second variable volume chamber with a liquid and causing the other second movable partition wall to follow the displacement of one second movable partition wall, thereby forming a second supply chamber. and the volume of the second recovery chamber can be increased and decreased inversely to each other, and the first supply chamber and the second supply chamber can be selectively connected to the dialyzer's population and the supply source of fresh dialysate via a flow path switching valve. and selectively connect the first recovery chamber and the second recovery chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer and the treated dialysate recovery section via a flow path switching valve. By switching the flow paths, the first supply chamber becomes the inlet of the dialyzer, the first collection chamber becomes the outlet of the dialyzer, the second supply chamber becomes the source of fresh dialysate, and the second recovery chamber becomes the source of fresh dialysate. a first connection state connected to a dialysate recovery section, a second supply chamber connected to the dialyzer population, a second collection chamber connected to the dialyzer outlet, and a first supply chamber connected to the source of fresh dialysate; , the first collection chamber can be alternately switched to a second connection state in which the first collection chamber is connected to the treated dialysate collection section, and the first variable volume chamber and the second variable volume chamber are connected to each other via a communication path. The communicating path is configured to allow the liquid in the first variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the first connected state, and to cause the liquid in the second variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the second connected state. A pump is provided in the variable volume chamber to cause the fluid to flow.

"Operation" According to the above configuration, the volume of the supply chamber and the volume of the collection chamber in each dialysate container increase and decrease inversely to each other, and by varying the volume of the variable volume chamber, the volume decrease of the supply chamber, i.e. Since the amount of increase in the volume of the collection chamber, that is, the amount of recovered treated dialysate can be made larger than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied to the dialyzer, the difference can be made equal to the amount of ultrafiltration. Therefore, there is no need for a means for taking out the treated dialysate as in the past, and it is easier to ensure reliability and durability than when such a means is provided.

Since the amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled by the magnitude of the volume fluctuation of the variable volume chamber, the amount of ultrafiltration can be controlled more reliably than when the treated dialysate is taken directly from the closed circuit. Moreover, the volume of each variable volume chamber can be increased or decreased at the same time by flowing the sealed liquid from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber using the pump, so that the first connection is repeated alternately. The amount of ultrafiltration can be maintained constant in both the state and the second connected state.

``Example'' The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated example. In FIG. Blood, which is a liquid to be treated, is introduced into the liquid chamber 3 through a supply path 5 and can be discharged to the outside through a discharge path 6.

In this embodiment, two first dialysate containers 10 and a second dialysate container lO' are arranged in parallel, and each dialysate container 10
110' alternately supplies and discharges fresh dialysate to and from the dialyzer 1 so that dialysis can be performed.

The inside of the first dialysate container 10 is divided into three chambers, namely, a first supply chamber 13, a first variable volume chamber 14, and a first collection chamber 15, by two diaphragms 11 and 12 as movable partition walls. The fresh dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 formed on one side of the first dialysate container 10, and the fresh dialysate is introduced into the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 through the first sealed circuit 16. A first collection chamber 1 is provided with the treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 on the other side of the first dialysate container 10.
We are trying to collect it within 5 days. Note that the diaphragms 11 and 12 do not need to be completely separate bodies, and may be partially connected together.

The first sealed circuit 16 connects the first supply chamber 13 to a first
It communicates with the dialysate chamber 4 through a supply path 17, a first supply valve 18, a filter 9, a common supply path 20, and a constant flow valve 21, and further includes a common recovery path 22, a pump 23, a deaerator 24, a first The first recovery chamber 15 is communicated with the first recovery chamber 15 through a recovery path 25 and a first recovery valve 26 .

In addition, fresh dialysate is introduced into the first supply chamber 13 from a fresh dialysate supply source (not shown) through a common introduction path 29, an electromagnetic on-off valve 30, a manual on-off valve 31, a heater 32, and a pump 33.
, a deaerator 34, a first introduction path 35 and a first introduction valve 36
Further, the processed dialysate is disposed of from the first collection chamber 15 through a first waste valve 37, a first waste path 38, a common waste path 39, and a blood leakage sensor 40 (not shown). The waste can be disposed of in a collection section such as a collection tank.

A liquid 41 such as silicone oil is sealed in the central first variable volume chamber 14 formed in the first dialysate container 10, and when one of the diaphragms 11 moves, the liquid 41, the other diaphragm 12 can be displaced following the diaphragm 11.

The filter 19 provided in the first supply path 17 allows the flow of the dialysate but blocks the flow of the liquid 41, and the diaphragm 11 is damaged and the liquid 41! J≦Even if it leaks into the first supply chamber 13, it is prevented from being supplied to the dialyzer 1.

Further, a detection means 42 for detecting the liquid 41 is provided on the upstream side of the filter 19, for example, when colored silicone oil is used as the liquid 41, a phototube 42 is provided to detect that the dialysate has been colored by the silicone oil. By detecting this, it is possible to detect that the diaphragm 11 is damaged.

On the other hand, damage to the diaphragm 12 can be detected by detection of silicone oil by the blood leakage sensor 40.

Note that a filter 19' corresponding to the filter 19 described above is also provided in the second closed circuit 16' on the second dialysate container 10' side, and the diaphragm 11' of the second dialysate container 10' is damaged by the filter 19'. However, in order to simplify the configuration, only one filter may be provided in the common supply path 20.

Further, as the detection means 42, an appropriate one can be used in consideration of the liquid 41 to be used.An example of another detector stage using the silicone oil as the liquid 41 is the one on the upstream side of the filter 19. A transparent tube can be provided in part or all of the second supply path 17 so that the colored state can be visually observed from the outside.

Further, the configuration of the second dialysate container 10' is the same as that of the first dialysate container 10, and the same parts are indicated by the reference numerals "'" used for the first dialysate container IO. It is shown with .

The first variable volume chamber 14 and the second variable volume chamber 14° of the dialysate container 10.10'' are communicated with each other via a communication path 45, and a pump 46 is provided in the communication path 45. This allows the liquid 41 to flow alternately from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pump 46 includes a plate-shaped support member 47 fixed to a frame (not shown), a cylinder 48 horizontally attached to the support member 47, and a cylinder that extends through the support member 47. 48, and a piston 49 that is slidably and rotatably fitted in the piston 48. A notch 4 having a predetermined shape is provided on the outer periphery of the tip of the piston 49.
9a is formed, and this notch 49a and the piston 49
The distal end surface of the cylinder 48 and the inner periphery of the cylinder 48 form a pump chamber 50 whose volume can be varied.

The communication passage 45 is opened at a position facing the inner circumferential surface of the cylinder 4B within the range of reciprocating movement of the notch 49a of the piston 49, and as understood from FIG. , only one of the openings is open, that is, the first variable volume chamber 14 and the second variable volume chamber 14.
Only one of the openings and the openings is communicated with the inside of the pump chamber 50 through the cutout portion 49a.

Furthermore, an arm 49c is attached to the distal end of the piston 49 protruding outward from the cylinder 48 so as to be orthogonal to the axial direction, and a spherical portion provided at the tip of the arm 49c is connected to the inner periphery of the cup-shaped joint 51. It is pivotally connected to a spherical recess 51a formed at a predetermined position. The joint 51 is connected to the drive shaft 52a of the servo motor 52 at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the piston 49. The servo motor 52 is controlled by a control device (not shown) including a microcomputer, and the control device can monitor the amount of rotation of the servo motor 52 by counting pulse signals from the servo motor 52, for example. It has become.

In the pump 46 having the above configuration, the servo motor 5
2 is rotated, the piston 49, which is pivotally connected to the spherical recess 51a of the fiber arm 51 via the arm 49c, is rotated in the one direction and reciprocated within the cylinder 48, so that the Therefore, the volume of the pump chamber 50 can be increased or decreased.

When the piston 49 rotates clockwise in FIG. 3 and reaches the left end in FIG.
At the same time that the communication between the variable volume chamber 14' is cut off, the first variable volume chamber 14 comes to communicate with the pump chamber 50 via the notch 49a, and from this state, the piston 49 is rotated and moved to the right. When the volume within the pump chamber 50 is reduced, the liquid 41 within the pump chamber 50 is discharged into the first variable volume chamber 14 .

Further, when the piston 49 reaches the rightward end position in FIG. Since it communicates with the pump chamber 50 through the notch 49a, when the piston 49 is moved to the left from this state and the volume within the pump chamber 50 is increased, the liquid 41 within the second variable volume chamber 14° is pumped. It is sucked into the chamber 50.

When the piston 49 reaches the left end in FIG.
The pump chamber 5 is connected to the pump chamber 50 via the
0 and the second variable volume chamber 14° are cut off, and the above-mentioned operation is repeated by the rotation of the servo motor 52 in one direction, so that the liquid 41 in the second variable volume chamber 14'' is transferred to the first It can be made to flow into the variable volume chamber 14.

On the other hand, by reversing the servo motor 52, an operation opposite to that described above is performed, and the liquid 41 in the first variable volume chamber 14 can be caused to flow into the second variable volume chamber 14°. . It should be noted that the pump 46 is not limited to that of the above-described embodiment, but may be of any configuration as long as it is a pump such as a roller pump whose discharge direction can be changed by forward and reverse rotation of a motor.

In the above configuration, at a certain time Ta shown in FIG. 4, the first supply valve 18 and the first
Recovery valve 26 is closed, and first inlet valve 36 and first waste valve 37 are open. In contrast, the second sealed circuit 16
', contrary to the first sealed circuit 16, the second supply valve 1
8' and the second recovery valve 26' are opened, and the second inlet valve 3
6' and second waste valve 37' are closed.

Therefore, in this connected state, communication between the first sealed circuit 16 and the dialyzer 1 is cut off, and the first sealed circuit 16 on the side of the first sealed circuit 16
Fresh dialysate is forced into the supply chamber 13 by a pump 33 . And this causes the diaphragm 11.
12 are integrally moved to the right, the treated dialysate collected in the first collection chamber 15 is discharged to the outside via the waste path 39.

On the other hand, the second sealed circuit 16° is connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, and the fresh dialysate in the second supply chamber 13° is controlled at a constant flow rate by the constant flow valve 21, and the dialysate is supplied to the dialyzer 1 at a constant flow rate. The dialysate is supplied into the dialysate chamber 4, and the treated dialysate from the dialysate chamber 4 is collected into the second recovery chamber 15°.

Furthermore, the servo motor 52 that drives the pump 46 is rotated in the normal direction, so that the volume within the first variable volume chamber 14 increases and the volume within the second variable volume chamber 14' decreases. Therefore, a larger amount of treated dialysate is supplied to the second dialysate chamber 4 than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied from the second supply chamber 13' into the dialysate chamber 4.
It is gradually collected into the collection chamber 15°, and the volume reduction in the second variable volume chamber 14' becomes the amount of ultrafiltration in the dialyzer 1.

From the above connection state, at time Tb shown in FIG.
When the servo motor 52 is rotated forward by a predetermined amount and the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14° becomes the minimum, and therefore the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 becomes the maximum, the rotation of the servo motor 52 is stopped and the Each valve in the first sealed circuit 16 is switched, the first supply valve 18 and the first recovery valve 26 are opened, and the first introduction valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are closed.

As a result, the first sealed circuit 1 along with the second sealed circuit 16°
6 is also connected to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, so that the fresh dialysate in the first supply chamber 13 and the second supply chamber 13° is supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1, and the dialysate The treated dialysate from the chamber 4 is collected into the first collection chamber 15 and the second collection chamber 15°.

At this time, since the operation of the servo motor 52 is stopped as described above, there is no change in the volume of both variable volume chambers 14.14', and therefore fresh dialysate is supplied from both supply chambers 13.13'. The ultrafiltration is stopped when the amount of recovered dialysate becomes the same as the amount of treated dialysate collected in both 15.15° reacid chambers.

When the time Tc in FIG. 4, which is a predetermined period of time elapsed after the servo motor 52 stopped operating, the servo motor 5
2 starts, each valve in the second sealed circuit 16' is switched to close the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26', and the second intake valve 36' and the second waste Valve 37' is opened.

Then, the second closed circuit 16' and the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 are connected.
The first closed circuit 16 is connected to the dialysate chamber 4.
Only fresh dialysate will be supplied.

In this connected state, the volume of the first variable volume chamber 14 is gradually reduced due to the reverse rotation of the servo motor 52, contrary to the above-mentioned operation. A larger amount of treated dialysate is gradually collected into the first collection chamber 15 than the amount of fresh dialysate supplied into the dialysate chamber 4, thus reducing the volume within the first variable volume chamber 14. Ultrafiltration corresponding to minutes is carried out.

On the other hand, in the second sealed circuit 16', the second supply chamber 13
Fresh dialysate is forced into the chamber 15' by the pump 33, and the diaphragms 11 and 12 are integrally moved to the right, while the treated dialysate in the second collection chamber 15' is transferred to the waste channel It is discharged to the outside via 39. At this time, the servo motor 52 is reversely rotated, so that the volume of the second variable volume chamber 14' is gradually increased from the minimum state.

Furthermore, when the servo motor 52 is reversed by a predetermined amount,
At that time Td, the rotation of the servo motor 52 is stopped, the eight valves in the second closed circuit 16' are switched, the second supply valve 18' and the second recovery valve 26° are opened, and the second introduction valve 36° and the second waste valve 37° are closed. This state is the same as the state from time Tb to Tc described above.

When a predetermined period of time has elapsed after the operation of the servo motor 52 was stopped, the servo motor 52 starts rotating forward at time Te, and the eight valves in the first closed circuit 16 are switched to the first supply valve 18. and first recovery valve 26
is closed, and the first inlet valve 36 and the first waste valve 37 are opened. Then, communication between the first closed circuit 16 and the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 is cut off, and fresh dialysate is supplied to the dialysate chamber 4 only from the second closed circuit 16'.

This connection state is the same as the connection state at time Ta described first, and the same operation is repeated thereafter to perform dialysis.

Next, FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which the first dialysate container 10 in the above embodiment is replaced with a separate container 55. 56, and the variable volume chambers 14.14 formed in each container 55.56 are communicated with each other via a conduit 57,
Further, the conduit 57 is connected to the pump 46 via the first communication path 45. Further, the second dialysate container 10' has a similar structure and is indicated by the same reference numeral with a ``''' added thereto.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, the supply valves 18, 18' and the inlet valve 36 are used as flow path switching valves for switching each supply chamber 13, 13' to the dialysate chamber 4 of the dialyzer 1 or a fresh dialysate supply source, respectively. Three-way valve 58.5 instead of .36'
Similarly, the recovery valve 26, 26' and the waste valve 3
A three-way switching valve 59.59° is used instead of 7.37'.

Other configurations are not substantially different from the above embodiment, and it is clear that the same effects as the above embodiment can be obtained in this embodiment as well.

"Effects of the Invention" As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to match the volume variation of the variable volume chamber to the ultrafiltration rate, so that the treated dialysate is placed in the middle of the closed circuit as in the conventional case. Does not require a means for taking out, ensures reliability and durability compared to the case where such a means is provided, and allows the sealed liquid to flow from one variable volume chamber to the other variable volume chamber. As a result, the volume of each variable volume chamber can be increased or decreased at the same time, resulting in the effect that the amount of ultrafiltration can be maintained constant during the first connection state and the second connection state, which are alternately repeated. It will be done.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
3 is a sectional view taken along line mm in FIG. 2, FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing the operating state of FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is another embodiment. FIG. 1...Dylyzer 10...First dialysate container 10゛...Second dialysate container 11.12...Diaphragm (movable partition wall, first dialysate container side) 11', 12'...・Diaphragm (movable partition wall, second dialysate container side) 13... First supply chamber 14... First variable volume chamber 15... First collection chamber 16... First sealed circuit 1
8... First supply valve 26... First recovery valve 36.
・・First introduction valve 37・・First waste valve 13゛・・
・Second supply chamber 14゛...Second variable volume chamber 15゛・
...Second collection chamber 16°...Second sealed circuit 18°.
...Second supply valve 26°...Second recovery valve 36°...
・Second introduction valve 37゛...Second waste valve 41...Liquid 45...Communication path 46...Pump
58.59...Three-way switching valve 58°, 59°・
・・Three-way switching valve

Claims (1)

[Claims] A first dialysate container is provided with a pair of first movable partition walls, and the first dialysate container is provided with a pair of first movable partition walls.
In the dialysate container, a first supply chamber partitioned by one first movable partition wall, a first collection chamber partitioned by the other first movable partition wall, and a first collection chamber partitioned between both first movable partition walls. A first supply chamber is formed by filling a liquid into the first variable volume chamber and causing the other first movable partition to follow the displacement of one of the first movable partitions, thereby forming a first supply chamber. The volume of the dialysate and the volume of the first collection chamber can be increased and decreased inversely to each other, and a pair of second movable partition walls are provided in the second dialysate container,
In the dialysate container, a second supply chamber defined by one second movable partition, a second recovery chamber defined by the other second movable partition, and a second recovery chamber partitioned between both second movable partitions. A second supply chamber is formed by filling the second variable volume chamber with a liquid and causing the other second movable partition wall to follow the displacement of one second movable partition wall, thereby forming a second supply chamber. and the volume of the second collection chamber can be increased and decreased inversely to each other, and the first supply chamber and the second supply chamber can be selectively connected to the inlet of the dialyzer and the supply source of fresh dialysate via a flow path switching valve. and selectively connect the first recovery chamber and the second recovery chamber to the outlet of the dialyzer and the treated dialysate recovery section via a flow path switching valve. By switching the flow paths, the first supply chamber is used as the inlet of the dialyzer, the first collection chamber is used as the outlet of the dialyzer, the second supply chamber is used as a source of fresh dialysate, and the second collection chamber is used as a source of fresh dialysate. a first connection state connected to a dialysate recovery section, the second supply chamber as an inlet of the dialyzer, the second collection chamber as an outlet of the dialyzer, and the first supply chamber as a source of fresh dialysate; , the first collection chamber can be alternately switched to a second connection state in which the first collection chamber is connected to the treated dialysate collection section, and the first variable volume chamber and the second variable volume chamber are connected to each other via a communication path. The communicating path is configured to allow the liquid in the first variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the first connected state, and to cause the liquid in the second variable volume chamber to flow into the second variable volume chamber in the second connected state. A dialysis device characterized by having a pump for causing fluid flow within a variable volume chamber.