JPH0358483B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a reflecting mirror for a lighting device, and in particular, the mirror is installed so that its focal point coincides with the light source position, and is used to reflect a portion of the luminous flux emitted from the light source toward the front. This relates to a reflecting mirror used in

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an illumination lamp including a conventional reflecting mirror 1 of this type, including the optical axis Z--Z. Conventionally, the above-mentioned reflecting mirror 1 is generally configured in the shape of a paraboloid of revolution,
A part of the light beam emitted from the light source 2 provided at the focal point F is reflected in parallel to the optical axis Z-Z.

A lens 3 is attached to cover the front opening of the reflecting mirror 1 in order to obtain a desired light distribution pattern by dimming the parallel light beam reflected as described above. FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the lens 3.

In Fig. 1, the light emitted from the light source 2 and reflected by the reflecting mirror 2 is shown by arrows A, R ~ and I', R' ~ T'.
It is shown. Although not shown, in addition to the above-mentioned arrows, there is also light that is emitted directly forward (to the left in the figure) from the light source 2.

As the lens 3, a spherical prism having a large number of concave spherical surfaces or a semicylindrical prism having a large number of concave cylindrical surfaces is generally used. Arrows 1 to 1 in FIG. 1 indicate a state in which a light beam reflected parallel to the optical axis Z-Z is scattered by the prism surface 3a.

Figure 3 shows the light distribution pattern when a screen (not shown) is placed perpendicular to the optical axis Z-Z when a lens formed with a spherical prism is used;
H is the horizontal axis and V-V is the vertical axis.

The luminous intensity distribution on the horizontal axis H-H above is the fourth
As shown in the figure, the brightness reaches its maximum in the center and decreases as it approaches the periphery. Although this tendency is common to this type of illumination lamp that has been generally used in the past, it is difficult to control this luminous intensity distribution curve as desired based on the design intention.

FIG. 5 shows a light distribution pattern when a lens having a semicylindrical prism is used. Even when a semicylindrical prism is used, it is difficult to control the light intensity distribution curve as desired.

Conventionally, in order to bring the light distribution of this type of illumination light closer to the desired pattern, various attempts have been made to design the prism provided in the lens 3, but thick prisms or prisms with complicated shapes are expensive to manufacture. Moreover, it is impossible to control the light distribution pattern as desired by the prism shape. Although there are some lamps for which conventional light distribution patterns such as those shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are suitable, there are also cases where such light distribution patterns are undesirable.

For example, when this is used as a work light, there is an area with high illuminance in the center, so the peripheral area within the illumination range appears darker than it actually is.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 1, conventional illuminating lights of this type have a diameter D of the front opening larger than the depth L of the reflecting mirror 1, and therefore the area required for installation of the illuminating lights is large. Further, when used in a work light, for example, the lens area is large, so there is a high risk of damage due to collision with an obstacle. In order to solve this problem, if the lens 3 shown by the solid line is moved back to the position of the imaginary line 3' to reduce the lens area, the effective utilization rate of the luminous flux emitted from the light source 2 will be reduced.

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was devised to eliminate the drawbacks of conventional devices.The purpose of the present invention is to enable the light distribution characteristics to be arbitrarily set, and to provide a simple lens with a small area. It is an object of the present invention to provide a reflector for a lamp that can greatly increase the effective utilization rate of light emitted from a light source.

In order to achieve the above object, the reflector for a lamp of the present invention has an angle θ with respect to the optical axis of the light incident from the light source toward the reflecting surface, a luminous intensity of the light source of ₀ , and an angle α of the reflected light with respect to the optical axis. ₀ cosθ=Asinα−(B+Aα)cosα+C ……(1) While maintaining the relationship as follows, the coordinates (x ₁ , z ₁ ) of the point where the light emitted from the light source is incident at an angle θ with respect to the optical axis
And the coordinates of the point of incidence at the same angle θ + Δθ (x ₂ ,
z ₂ ) is x ₂ = x ₁ tan (θ − α / 2) − z ₁ / cot (θ + Δθ) + tan
(θ−α/2)……(2) z ₂ =−{x ₁ tan(θ−α/2)−z ₁ }/1+tan(θ+Δ
θ)+tan(θ−α/2)……(3) It has a curved surface formed by rotating the continuous curve represented by is set to α≦0, and the angle α is set to increase as the angle θ increases.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the angle θ and the angle α shown in the above formula.

Let us consider the light that enters the reflective mirror surface M from the light source position F as shown by arrow W. Point A is the point of incidence,
Z′ shown by a dashed-dotted line passes through the incident point to the optical axis Z-
It is a line parallel to Z. Arrow y indicates reflected light at the incident point. In this case, the angle θ of the light (arrow wa) incident from the light source toward the reflecting mirror with respect to the optical axis, and the angle α of the reflected light (arrow y) with respect to the optical axis are as shown in the figure.

When the above angle θ is further increased by a small angle Δθ,
The incident light becomes as shown by the arrow T, and is reflected at the incident point as shown by the arrow S. Z″ is a line passing through the point of incidence and parallel to the optical axis Z-Z.

The imaginary line arrow Y' is added for the convenience of explanation, and is an imaginary line drawn parallel to the reflected light arrow Y through the incident point R, and is at an angle α with respect to the line Z''.
are doing.

As mentioned above, the light incident on the reflective surface M changes from arrow wa to arrow ta, and as a result, the angle it makes with the optical axis becomes θ.
When the angle increases from θ to θ+Δθ, compared to the angle α that the reflected light arrow Y makes with the optical axis, the angle that the reflected light arrow SO makes with the optical axis becomes α+Δα, which changes by Δα. In the reflecting mirror of the present invention, the angle θ and the angle α are
The outward direction with respect to the optical axis Z-Z is expressed as positive, and the inward direction is expressed as negative. In the configuration of the present invention, the fact that the angle α increases as the angle θ increases means that the value of Δα in FIG. 6 is positive. In other words, the arrow ``S'' is in a clockwise direction relative to the arrow ``Y''. Therefore, the arrows y and y are not completely parallel, but are slightly in the direction of divergence.

Generally, the focal point of a concave mirror refers to the point where the incident parallel light beams intersect; however, since the reflecting surface M of the present invention is configured as described above, even if the parallel light beams are incident, they are completely focused on one point. Does not focus light. Therefore, in the reflecting mirror of the present invention, the focal point refers to the point where the parallel incident light beams are focused and have the maximum density.

Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 9.

As shown in FIG. 6, the coordinates of the incident point F at the angle θ are (x ₁ , z ₁ ), and the coordinates of the incident point R at the angle θ+Δθ are (x ₂ , z ₂ ). Then, keeping the relationship between these coordinates as shown in equations (2) and (3) above, the curve M is calculated using analytical mathematical techniques as detailed below.
seek. This curve M is later rotated around the Z axis to determine the three-dimensional shape of the reflecting surface.
It is a figure on the X plane.

In other words, if we consider the case of finding a reflector shape to obtain a circular light distribution pattern with luminous intensity distribution I ₀ = f (α), the above I ₀ = f (α) can be calculated using the desired light distribution as a function of α. In this way, first the value of α is determined by design, and then θ is determined as described below. Using this θ, the above (2),
The shape of the reflecting mirror can be found from equation (3).

It is assumed that the light source is a point light source located at a focal point F.

Although the illustrated angle θ is a variable, its minimum value is not zero.

The reason is that a bulb socket (not shown) for mounting the light source bulb is provided near the intersection of the curve M and the Z-axis, so the intersection of the curve M and the Z-axis (the center of the reflector) is located near the reflector. This is because it cannot function as a

The minimum value of θ above is set as θ ₀ , and using this as an initial value, the curve M is sequentially drawn while increasing the minute angle Δθ.

When the shape of the reflector is determined by design by applying the present invention, the initial value θ ₀ of the incident angle θ becomes tan ⁻¹ (x ₀ /z ₀ ). The point (x ₀ , z ₀ ) is the initial value of the reflector on the XZ plane.

In actual design work, the value of the above angle θ ₀ is given as a design condition.

The value of Δθ is a small value that can be arbitrarily set by the designer, and the curve M is obtained in the order of missing points and missing points while increasing the incident angle by this small angle Δθ. In this case, it is appropriate that the angle Δθ be a very small angle, for example, 0.01°.

For example, while increasing the incident angle by Δθ=0.01°,
If you try to cover = 60°, you will need to repeat the calculation about 6000 times.

Although it is extremely difficult to perform such calculations manually, they can be performed quickly and easily using an electronic computer.

Letting ΔWin be the solid angle of the light that enters a minute portion (curve) on the reflector from the light source located at the focal point F in Figure 6, the solid angle ΔWin is ΔWin=2π(cosθ−cos(θ+Δθ) ) ...(4) becomes.

Also, the solid angle ΔWout of the light that is reflected and spread by a minute part (curve) on the reflector is ΔWout=2π(cosα−cos(α+Δα))...(5) Therefore, the light source luminous intensity I ₀ and Light distribution luminous intensity distribution I=f(α)
From equations (4) and (5 ₎ , _the relationship with
osα−cos(α+Δα)……(6) Here, if Δθ and Δα are made infinitely small, I=I ₀ sinθ/sinα×dθ/dα……(7) is obtained.

Let the light intensity distribution I be a linear function of the output angle α of the emitted light: f(α)=Aα+B (8).

When the relationship between the incident angle θ and the exit angle α is determined from the above equations (7) and (8), −I ₀ cos θ=Asin α−(B+Aα) cos α+C (9) is obtained. However, C is an integral constant and is determined by the initial conditions of the design.

Using equations (8) and (9) above, we can find the coordinates of the point (x ₁ , z ₁ ) and the point (x ₂ , z ₂ ) of the point shown in Figure 6. Equations (2) and (3) are obtained.

A curve M is determined based on these equations (2) and (3), and when this curve M is rotated around the optical axis Z-Z, a rotating surface with the optical axis as the central axis is obtained.

A reflecting mirror 4 (FIG. 7) is constructed in which all or part of this rotating surface serves as a reflecting surface. 5 shown in the same figure
is a lens attached to the front surface of the reflecting mirror 4.

Then, a desired light distribution curve is set as shown in FIG. FIG. 9 shows the light distribution pattern.
In order to obtain the desired light distribution characteristics shown in these charts, the above-mentioned curve M is calculated as follows.

Points a, b to f shown in FIG. 7 are points of incidence of light emitted from the light source 2, respectively. Arrow R _a
~R _f indicates the reflected light at each of the above incident points.

The angles that the reflected lights R _a to R _f make with respect to the optical axis Z-Z are α _a to α _f , respectively.

FIG. 8 is a chart showing the luminous intensity distribution on the screen provided in front of the lamp.

H--H is the horizontal line on the screen, on which the angles α _a to α _e are taken.

The central vertical axis represents the luminous intensity I. A virtual reflection angle α ₀ is assumed at the intersection of this central vertical axis and the H-H line.

The light intensity distribution curve shown in FIG. 8 expresses the designer's intention as a linear function (straight line), and I=f(α)=Aα+B.

It is expressed as f(α ₀ )=I ₀ f(α _e )=Iend.

α−α ₀ /α ₀ −α _e =f(α)−I ₀ /I ₀ −I
end f(α)=I ₀ −Iend／α ₀ −α _e (α−α ₀ )+I
₀ ∴A=I ₀ −Iend/α ₀ −αend This constant A means the slope of luminous intensity, and the constant B is expressed by the following formula.

B=-Aα ₀ +I ₀ The luminous intensity distribution chart shown in Fig. 8 shows the horizontal line H-
Although shown along line H, since the reflecting mirror according to the present invention is constituted by a rotating surface, the luminous intensity distribution is the same even if the line H--H shown in the figure is inclined. As a result, a circular light distribution pattern as shown in FIG. 9 is obtained.

₀ in the above equation (1) represents the light source luminous intensity. C in the equation (1) is obtained by C= ₀ cosθ ₀ −Asinα ₀ +(B+Aα ₀ )cosα ₀ . However, θ ₀ is the initial value of the angle θ, and α ₀ is the reflection angle at that time (that is, the initial value of the reflection angle).

When an illumination lamp is constructed using the reflector 4 constructed as described above, the reflected light arrow shown in FIG.
As shown in R _a , R _b , ~R _f , the reflection angles α _a , α _b , ~ α _f increase from the center toward the periphery. (That is, the absolute value of the reflection angle in the negative direction is decreasing).

Therefore, the peripheral portion of the projected light beam is almost parallel to the optical axis Z-Z, and the angle of intersection with the optical axis Z-Z increases as it approaches the center. As a result, the desired luminous intensity distribution illustrated in FIG. 8 is obtained. When a lamp with the light distribution characteristics as shown in Fig. 8 is applied to a work light, for example, there is a point of maximum luminous intensity in the center, which makes it possible to brightly illuminate important areas. Since there is no brightness and the area is getting darker at a constant rate from the point of maximum brightness to the surrounding area, there is no sense of strangeness.

Furthermore, the luminous intensity Iend is maintained even in the peripheral areas, so it does not interfere with work.

In actual practice, the luminous intensity distribution of the reflected light shown in FIG. 8 overlaps with the luminous intensity distribution of the light directly projected forward from the light source. Therefore, when implementing the present invention, it is desirable to take direct projected light into account when setting desired reflected light distribution characteristics.

In this embodiment, since the light reflected by the reflecting mirror 4 (FIG. 7) has almost the desired light distribution pattern as described above, the necessity of light control by the lens 5 is low. For this reason, the lens 5 is constructed of a transparent flat lens. Although it is not prohibited to use a prism lens as a lens used in combination with the reflecting mirror of the present invention, even if a prism lens is used, there is no need to use a thick lens or a prism with a complicated shape. In the lamp of this example, as described above, the central portion of the light beam reflected by the reflecting mirror 4 intersects with the optical axis. For this reason, even if the front aperture area of the reflector (approximately equal to the lens area) is set smaller than that of a conventional lamp using a rotating parabolic mirror (for example, Fig. 1), the light emitted from the light source remains High effective utilization rate.

FIG. 10 shows an embodiment different from the above, and the portion to the right of the reference line - has the same structure as the embodiment shown in FIG. When the reflecting mirror 4 of this example is used, the reflected light beam tends to converge with respect to the optical axis Z-Z, so if the lens 6 is placed in front of the reflecting mirror 4 and separated from it, the lens 6 can be configured to have a small area. can.
In the case of this example as well, since the light reflected by the reflecting mirror 4 has almost the desired light distribution pattern, the structure of the lens 6 is easy, and a plain prism lens or a simple prism lens similar to this can be used. .

As described in detail above, the reflector for a lamp according to the present invention allows the light distribution characteristics of reflected light to be set as desired, and moreover, even if a simple and small-area lens is used, the light emitted from the light source can be adjusted as desired. This has an excellent practical effect of increasing the effective utilization rate.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 4 show an example of a conventional lighting lamp, with Figure 1 being a cross-sectional view, Figure 2 being a partial front view, and Figure 3 being a light distribution pattern when using a spherical prism. The chart, FIG. 4, is also a chart showing the luminous intensity distribution. FIG. 5 is a chart showing an example of a light distribution pattern when a semicylindrical prism is used in a conventional lighting lamp. 6 to 9 show one embodiment of the reflector for a lamp according to the present invention, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of curved surface settings, FIG. 7 is a sectional view, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing luminous intensity distribution. FIG. 9 is a chart showing the light distribution pattern. FIG. 10 is a sectional view of an embodiment different from the above. 1... Conventional reflecting mirror, 2... Light source, 3... Lens, 3a... Lens prism surface, 4... Reflecting mirror, 5... Lens, 6... Lens.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a reflecting mirror for reflecting forward a part of the luminous flux emitted from the light source of an illumination lamp, the light incident from the light source toward the reflecting surface with the position of the light source as a reference. The angle θ with respect to the optical axis of
The luminous intensity I ₀ of the light source and the angle α of the reflected light with respect to the optical axis are maintained in the following relationship: I ₀ cosθ=Asinα−(B+Aα)cosα+C, and the light emitted from the light source is incident at an angle θ with respect to the optical axis. Coordinates of the point (x ₁ , z ₁ )
And the coordinates of the point of incidence at the same angle θ + Δθ (x ₂ ,
z ₂ ) is x ₂ = x ₁ tan (θ − α / 2) − z ₁ /cos (θ + Δθ) + tan
(θ−α/2) and z ₂ =−{x ₁ tan(θ−α/2)−z ₁ }/1+tan(θ+Δ
It has a continuous curved surface formed by rotating a continuous curve represented by θ)×tan(θ−α/2) around the Z axis, and the angle θ is θ≧0 and the angle α is α≦ In addition to setting it to 0,
A reflector for a lamp, characterized in that the angle α is set to increase as the angle θ increases. however,
The above A, B, and C are constants that can be selected from a design perspective to determine the light distribution characteristics of reflected light.