JPH0343378B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a weft removal device for a shuttleless loom, more particularly for an air jet loom or a water jet loom.

In order to speed up the weaving operation, an air jet loom or a water jet loom is used in which measured weft yarns are inserted into a shed formed between upper and lower warp yarns using a jet nozzle. In such high-speed looms, since the weaving speed is high, the impact of stopping the loom on productivity decline is more significant than in conventional looms. Therefore, it is desirable that the stoppage time in the jet room be as short as possible. On the other hand, in jet looms, unlike conventional shuttled looms, the weft threads are moved through the shed by air or fluid such as water without using a shuttle, so weft insertion errors are more likely than in shuttled looms. easy. That is, the weft yarn may not be supplied from the jet nozzle, a so-called weft supply error, or the weft yarn may be supplied from the jet nozzle, but may not reach the selvage yarn on the opposite side of the jet nozzle, a so-called conveyance error.

In addition, in jet looms that operate at high speeds, even if the loom is stopped immediately after a weft insertion error is discovered, in order to prevent parts of the loom from being damaged due to excessive deceleration, The timing is selected so that the machine stops after approximately one cycle of inertial operation after a mistake is detected. Therefore, conventionally, when the jet loom is stopped due to a weft insertion error signal, the next weft insertion cycle is completed before the jet loom stops. Therefore, it is necessary to reverse the machine and remove not only the weft yarn in which the weft insertion error occurred, but also the weft yarn inserted in the cycle after the weft insertion error. There is. However, since it is beaten with a reed and held firmly in the woven fabric in the same way as the weft insertion, it cannot be easily removed and the removal work is extremely cumbersome.

Additionally, if the warp threads (including the selvage threads) are cut during weaving work or the loom is turned off due to manual operation, the loom will run for about one cycle due to inertia for the same reason as mentioned above. Stop after. If an attempt is made to remove the weft inserted during this inertial movement in order to prevent defects such as weaving steps from occurring in the woven fabric, it is not easy to remove it for the same reasons as mentioned above.

As described above, the present applicant has proposed a method for automatically removing the erroneous weft when the jet loom stops, by stopping the jet loom in an open state using a stop signal and removing the weft inserted just before the jet loom stops. in a free state, and in response to an extrusion start signal, an extrusion member provided in the jet loom is automatically inserted between the weft and the woven fabric to separate the weft from the woven fabric;
We proposed a weft processing method when the jet loom is stopped to remove separated weft threads.

With this method, for example, the weft inserted in the cycle after the weft insertion error, that is, in the cycle immediately before the machine stops, is first removed. Then, the weft threads which were inserted before the cycle and which caused the weft insertion error are removed by the same method of the present invention. Thereby, the weft processing when the jet loom is stopped can be carried out completely or almost automatically.

An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus capable of efficiently removing weft yarns separated from a woven fabric by the method described above. In the present invention, main and auxiliary weft taking-off means are provided on the side of the main jet nozzle that inserts the weft into the shed, and the main weft taking-off means takes and removes the weft separated from the woven fabric. The secondary weft take-off means achieve this objective by means of a jet nozzle weft removal device which actively feeds the weft threads into the main weft take-off means.

Furthermore, the present invention, as previously proposed by the applicant, temporarily disables the weft cutting function of the weft cutting cutter disposed on the jet nozzle side when the weft detection device detects a weft insertion error. , the misplaced yarn in the jet loom can be easily removed by stopping the operation of the machine with the weft connected to the weft that was misplaced from the jet nozzle, and pulling out the weft that was misplaced along with the uncut weft. It may also be used to carry out treatment methods.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the following explanation, the above-mentioned two error yarn processing methods will be implemented simultaneously, and in addition, the method of jet room handling at the time of weft insertion error, warp yarn breakage, stoppage due to human operation, etc., which was previously proposed by the applicant, will be explained. Mistaken yarns in the jet loom can be easily repaired without requiring any skill (i.e., weft yarns that have been inserted incorrectly, warp yarns that have been broken, etc.)
As a processing method, when an abnormal stop signal of the loom is detected in the jet room where the measured weft is inserted into the shed formed between the upper and lower warp yarns using a jet nozzle, the weft insertion is carried out until the loom stops. Mistaken yarn processing in the jet room, in which the machine is braked while blocking the weft, and then the machine is reversed to a state where it can process the errored yarn that caused the abnormal stop signal to be sent without supplying the weft to the shed. Both methods are being implemented.

In the method explained at the beginning, even after beating, if the warp of the loom is open and the last inserted weft is free, the weft will be slightly separated from the woven fabric, and the weft and fabric will be separated. We are focusing on the fact that a small gap is formed between the two. That is, the warp threads of the loom are brought into an open state, and in this open state, as shown in FIG.
A is brought into light contact with the woven fabric and moved along the woven fabric a distance of one to two wefts to several centimeters in the direction of the front of the fabric.
Since the upper and lower warp threads 21a and 21b are open and the weft thread 44b inserted last is in a free state, the weft thread 44b is separated from the weft thread 44a in the woven fabric as described above.
A small gap is formed between the two. Therefore, the tip 53a of the extrusion member 53 that has moved in contact with the woven fabric can be caused to enter the small gap between the woven fabric and the weft 44b by its downward force (see FIG. 3b).
By further moving the push-out member 53 in a direction away from the woven fabric, the weft 44b is separated from the woven fabric.

The tip of the extrusion member 53 is preferably slid along the woven fabric over a distance ranging from one or two wefts to several centimeters. This means that even if the weaving front position changes slightly back and forth depending on the weaving structure, or even if the weaving front position changes slightly in the weaving width direction of the same woven fabric, there will be a small gap between the woven fabric and the final weft inserted weft. Extrusion member 5 in the gap
This is to ensure that the tip of No. 3 is inserted reliably and that the final weft inserted weft can be reliably extruded. Therefore, when the above-mentioned fluctuations are small, the sliding distance can be made extremely small.

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an outline of the drive system of an air jet room according to the present invention, in which power is transmitted from a drive motor 11 to a crankshaft 15 via a transmission member such as a V-belt 13, similar to the conventional device. is transmitted. The crankshaft 15 drives the yarn beam 19 via the transmission 17 to unwind the warp threads 21, and also causes the surface roller 31 to frictionally drive the winding roller 32 to wind up the woven fabric 33. The gear ratio of the transmission 17 is adjusted according to the displacement of the tension roller 23.
The tension of the warp yarns unwound through the process is set to a predetermined value. The crankshaft 15 moves the heald frame 24 up and down to cause the warp threads 21 to perform the required shedding movement. Also, the rocking shaft 29 is a sleigh sword 28
The sled 27 is supported through the reed 2.
5 and a weft insertion guide 26 are attached. The crankshaft 15 moves the reed 25 and the weft insertion guide 26 between the solid line position and the broken line position via the locking shaft 29, whereby the reed 25 beats the inserted weft yarn. The above configuration is the same as a conventional air jet room.

Next, the weft insertion mechanism will be explained with reference to FIG.
The weft yarn 44 is unwound from the cheese 41 through the tensor 42 by the feed roller 43, and then passed through the air nozzle 4.
5 and is stored in the pool pipe 46. The length measuring drum 50 is interlocked with the crankshaft 15 (Fig. 1), and also frictionally drives the feed roller 43.
A predetermined length of the weft yarn 44 is measured by the feed roller 43 in accordance with the rotation of FIG. 4 and is supplied to the air nozzle 45. The pool pipe 46 has an axial slit 47 on one side.
The weft yarn 44 stored therein can be taken out through the slit 47. In addition, instead of the above-mentioned length measuring and storage mechanism combining a feed roller and a pool pipe, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 16946/1982 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1983-1989
The length measuring storage mechanism disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 58028, in which a weft is wound around the circumferential surface of a length measuring drum and the unwinding from the length measuring drum is controlled, may be used.

A gripper 48 is provided between the pool pipe 46 and the main air jet nozzle 49 to control the supply of the weft yarn 44 from the pool pipe 46 to the main air jet nozzle 49. The main air jet nozzle 49 is connected to the crankshaft 15 (first
Compressed air is injected in synchronization with the rotation of the weft yarns 21, the weft yarns 44 are inserted into the shed formed between the upper and lower warp yarns 21, and the weft yarns 44 are beaten with a reed 25.

Appropriate type detectors 51, 52 such as photoelectric type, mechanical type, or fluid type are provided near the selvage yarn on the opposite side of the main air jet nozzle 49 to detect whether or not the weft yarn 44 is reliably inserted. is provided to detect whether the weft yarn 44 is being reliably supplied from the main air jet nozzle 49, for example, in accordance with the method described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-21475.

An ejector type suction nozzle 61 is provided between the main air jet nozzle 49 and the selvage thread, which generates a suction force by the action of compressed air. In this embodiment, the suction nozzle 61 is the main weft taking-off means of the present invention. An appropriate reciprocating member 62 such as an air cylinder or an electromagnetic solenoid is connected to the suction nozzle 61, and the operation of the reciprocating member 62 causes the tip of the suction nozzle 61 to move away from the main air jet nozzle 49. It is movable between a position remote from the weft path to be injected and a position near the weft path.

A guide plate 63 is fixed to the tip of the suction nozzle 61, and when the suction nozzle 61 retreats, the guide plate 63 is out of the weft path, and when the suction nozzle 61 moves forward, the guide plate 63 63 intersects with the weft path. A bellows-type expansion joint 66 is connected to the rear end of the suction nozzle 61, so that the suction nozzle 61 can be smoothly moved. Note that the suction nozzle 61 and the guide plate 63 integrally formed therewith are not limited to those that move in the longitudinal direction of the loom, but may be of a type that rotates in the vertical direction, for example.

65 is a valve that controls the jetting of air into the suction nozzle 61. An auxiliary gripper 72 is provided between the main air jet nozzle 49 and the gripper 48 and is opened and closed by an electromagnetic solenoid 71 or an air cylinder (not shown). 73 is a photoelectric type, mechanical type, or fluid type feeler.

A pair of rollers 81 and 83, which is one aspect of the sub-weft taking-off means of the present invention, is provided between the suction nozzle 61 and the selvage yarn. As shown in FIG. 5, the drive roller 81 is rotatably supported by a bracket 82 attached to the frame, and is connected to gears 91, 92 and a drive shaft 89 by a drive motor (not shown).
It is driven through. The roller 83 is connected to the bracket 84
The bracket 84 is rotatably supported on the bracket 84.
The shaft 85 fixed to is connected to an electromagnetic solenoid 86 or a fluid pressure cylinder, and the electromagnetic solenoid 86 moves the shaft 85 along a guide 87.
As a result, the roller 83 can take a position where it is pressed by the drive roller 81 and a position where it is separated from the drive roller 81. 8
8 is a steady rest.

The feed roller 43 described above is rotatably supported at the tip of an arm 183 that is rotatably supported around a pin 181 as shown in FIG.
A spring 185 is stretched over the end of the arm 183 opposite to the end supporting the feed roller 43, and is biased so that the arm 183 always comes into contact with the piston of the air cylinder 186 or the tip of the armature of the electromagnetic solenoid. Therefore, the spring 185
By the action of the air cylinder 186, the feed roller 43 can be in a state where it is pressed against the length-measuring drum 50 and driven by friction, or a state where it is separated from the length-measuring drum 50 and is not driven by the length-measuring drum 50. Reference numeral 187 denotes a brake shoe for braking the feed roller 43 separated from the length measuring drum 50 by frictionally contacting it.

A weft cutting cutter 100 is provided on the machine base. In this weft cutting cutter 100,
A cam 102 is fixed to a shaft 101 that rotates in conjunction with a crankshaft. In addition, the lever 105
is rotatable around an axis 104, and the lever 10
The cam follower 103 supported by the spring 106
is pressed against the cam 102 by the cam 102. The cam 10
2 to swing the lever 105 and rotate the movable blade 109 around the pin 116. During steady operation, the fixed blade 108 and the movable blade 109 cut the weft yarn held in the grip recess 112 of the guide 111, as shown in FIG. 6a. On the other hand, when a stop signal is transmitted, the armature of the electromagnetic solenoid 113 retreats, and the cutting prevention member 110 connected to the armature by a pin 114 rotates clockwise around the pin as shown in FIG. b). The cutting prevention member 110 and the L-shaped prevention guide 115 are aligned, and as a result, the weft yarn is inserted into the recess 112.
The blade is not held in place and is not cut between the movable blade 109 and the fixed blade 108.

Next, the structure of the extrusion member will be explained with reference to FIG. 4. A beam member 76, which is longer than the weaving width of the loom, is supported at both ends by a pair of vertical rods 74 (FIG. 4), and is installed above or below the woven fabric of the loom. The beam member 76 has one arm member 54 at the center of the weave width, or a plurality of arm members 54 spaced apart in the weave width direction, depending on the weave width, weave structure, thread material, and the movement stroke of the arm member in the front and back direction. is fixed, and a push-out member 53 is rotatably attached to the tip of the arm member 54 with a pin 55. The tip of a bolt 78 screwed into a bracket 77 integrally protruding from the arm member 54 near the ear engages with a protrusion 74a formed on the vertical rod 74, so that the arm member 54 moves integrally with the vertical rod 74. . Spring 7 stretched between arm member 54 and vertical rod 74
Reference numeral 9 urges the tip of the bolt 78 toward the protrusion 74a, and when the bolt 78 is away from the protrusion 74a, a spring 79 applies an appropriate downward force to the arm member 54. A bolt 57 is screwed into a bracket 56 formed integrally with each arm member 54, and the tip thereof presses against the back surface of the push-out member 53 having an angular shape. The spring 58 is the extrusion member 5
3 is pressed against the bolt 57.

Note that if there is a distance between the arm member 54 near the ear and the vertical rod 74, an auxiliary arm member (not shown) having a shape similar to the arm member 54 may be fixed to the beam member near the vertical rod 74. , a bracket 77 protrudes from the auxiliary arm member, and a spring 7 is inserted between the auxiliary member and the vertical rod 74.
9 may be hung. In this case, it is not necessary to attach the push-out member 53 and the bracket 56 to the auxiliary arm member.

A vertical rod 74 is rotatably supported around a support shaft 75, and a piston rod 68 of a fluid pressure cylinder 67 such as an air cylinder is connected to the lower end of the vertical rod 74 by a pin 69. The hydraulic cylinder 67 has a pin 64
It is supported by a frame. Note that the fluid pressure cylinders may be provided on both sides of the loom frame.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 2, it may be provided only on one side.

Next, an embodiment of the weft processing method at the time of abnormal stop of the present invention will be described. The heald frame 24 is moved to open, and the weft yarn 44 is inserted into the shed formed between the upper and lower warp yarns 21. That is, in FIG. 2, cheese 41
The weft yarn 44 unwound from the tensor 42 is
After being measured by the feed roller 43 which rotates in accordance with the rotation of the crankshaft 15 (FIG. 1), it is stored in the pool pipe 46 by the air nozzle 45 (FIG. 2). The gripper 48 and the main air jet nozzle 49 provided between the pool pipe 46 and the main air jet nozzle 49 are operated and controlled in synchronization with the rotation of the crankshaft 15 (FIG. 1). Compressed air injected from the pool pipe 49 inserts the weft yarn 44 stored in the pool pipe 46 into the shed formed between the upper and lower warp yarns 21.

Detectors 51 and 52 installed near the selvedge threads on the opposite side from the main air jet nozzle 49 detect the warp threads 21
Check the weft insertion condition when the shed is almost closed (crank angle 250 to 300 degrees), and if the weft is inserted into the shed for some reason, the main air jet nozzle 4
If a weft insertion error occurs in which the selvage yarn does not reach the selvage yarn on the opposite side of 9, the detectors 51 and 52 issue a weft insertion error signal. In response to this weft insertion error signal, the operation of the motor 11 (FIG. 1) that drives the machine base is stopped, and the machine enters inertial operation.

Further, when a weft insertion error signal is transmitted, the piston of the reciprocating member 62 advances to cause the guide plate 63 fixed to the tip of the suction nozzle 61 to cross the weft path. In this way, the weft yarn ejected from the main air jet nozzle 49 after a weft insertion error is guided by the guide plate 63, reaches the suction nozzle 61, and is sucked into the suction nozzle 61.

In addition, the cutting function of the weft cutting cutter is temporarily disabled so that the weft that has been inserted incorrectly is connected to the jet nozzle. That is, as shown in FIG. 6b, the cutting prevention member 110 connected to the armature by the pin 114 is rotated clockwise around the pin (see FIG. 6b). Cutting prevention member 1
10 and the L-shaped blocking guide 115 are aligned. As a result, the weft yarn is not held in the recess 112 and is not cut between the movable blade 109 and the fixed blade 108.

Therefore, weft insertion after the weft insertion error signal is sent is prevented, and the weft yarn is connected from the shed to the main air jet nozzle 49 via the suction nozzle 61.

The machine frame, which was in inertial motion, moves for about one cycle and then stops with the warp threads 21 almost closed (crank angle of about 300 degrees).

Next, prepare for a reversal. That is, the main air jet nozzle 49 is rendered inoperative. The gripper 48 is closed, or the auxiliary gripper 72 is closed by the electromagnetic solenoid 71. Further, the air cylinder 186 is operated to separate the feed roller 43 from the length measuring drum 50, and the weft supply mechanism is rendered inactive. On the other hand, the piston of the reciprocating member 62 is moved backward to remove the guide plate 63 at the tip of the suction nozzle 61 from the weft path. In this state, the drive motor 11
(Fig. 1) or by operating an auxiliary motor (not shown) provided separately from the drive motor 11 to reverse the machine frame approximately 480 degrees.
1 is open (crank angle approximately 180 degrees).

In this embodiment, in this open state, the extrusion member is inserted into the small gap between the weft and the woven fabric in response to the extrusion start signal, and the machine automatically pulls out the weft that has been mis-inserted from the woven fabric. Let go. The extrusion start signal may be sent by a timer when a predetermined time elapses after a stop signal such as the above-mentioned weft insertion error signal is sent, and when the machine is reversed and the machine is in the open state, a signal from a limit switch or the like may be sent. Alternatively, the call may be made manually by pressing a button.

During steady operation, the piston rod 68 of the fluid pressure cylinder 67 is projected, and the vertical rod 74 is rotated clockwise about the support shaft 75, as shown in FIG. 4a. The tip of the bolt 78 is engaged with the protrusion 74a, the tip of the bolt 57 is engaged with the back surface of the extrusion member 53, the tip of the extrusion member 53 is separated from the woven fabric, and the extrusion member 53 is engaged with the weaving work of the jet room during steady operation. does not interfere in any way.

In response to the above-mentioned stop signal, the loom is stopped, the upper and lower warps 21a and 21b are stopped in an open state, and when the extrusion start signal is transmitted, the piston rod 68 of the fluid pressure cylinder 67 retreats. As a result, the vertical rod 74 rotates counterclockwise around the support shaft 75.
At this time, the extrusion member 53, arm member 54, and vertical rod 74 rotate together until the tip of the extrusion member 53 comes into contact with the woven fabric (see FIG. 4b). However, when the pusher member 53 contacts the fabric, the downward movement of the pusher member 53 is blocked, the pusher member 53 pivots about the pin 55, and the pusher member 53 separates from the bolt 57. As a result, the spring 58 causes the tip of the extrusion member 53 to come into contact with the fabric with a predetermined pressing force.

The piston rod 68 of the fluid pressure cylinder 67 is further retreated, the vertical rod 74 is further rotated counterclockwise, and the tip of the extrusion member 53 slides on the fabric with an appropriate pressing force.

When the tip of the push-out member 53 reaches the small gap between the woven fabric and the final inserted weft yarn 44b (see FIGS. 3a and 3b), the spring 58 and, in some cases, the spring 7
Due to the spring force of 9, the tip of the push-out member 53 enters the small gap (see FIG. 4c). In this state, by further retracting the piston rod 68 of the fluid pressure cylinder 67, the pushing member 53 moves the weft 44b
pull it away from the fabric.

Since the weft threads separated in this way are no longer held tightly against the warp threads, they are pulled out and removed by the main weft thread take-off means, which in this embodiment is constructed as a suction nozzle 61.

At this time, in this embodiment, of the pair of rollers 81 and 83 constituting the sub-weft taking-off means, the pressing roller 83 is pressed against the driving roller 81 by the electromagnetic solenoid 86, and the rollers 81 and 83 are The suction nozzle 61 actively grips the weft yarn and
send to. Therefore, the weft can be reliably removed without significantly increasing the suction force of the suction nozzle 61.

After removing the weft threads in this manner, the machine is turned around 270 degrees to open the warp threads 21 (crank angle of about 270 degrees) by switching on automatically or manually, and the air jet loom is activated. as appropriate.

Next, the main air jet nozzle 49 is put into operation. The electromagnetic solenoid 71 is de-energized and the auxiliary gripper 72 is opened, while the gripper 48 is opened.
Also assumed to be in steady operating condition. Furthermore, air cylinder 1
Retract the piston 86 and move the feed roller 43
is pressed against the circumferential surface of the length measuring drum 50 to put the weft supply mechanism into operation. In this state, restart the air jet room operation.

In the above explanation, an example of repairing a weft thread that has been inserted incorrectly has been explained, but the present invention can
It can also be applied when the air jet room stops due to a selvage breakage or human operation.

Note that the above-mentioned suction nozzle generates absorption power by the ejector action of compressed air. However, the suction nozzle is not limited to one based on ejector action, and for example, a suction nozzle connected to a suction source to generate suction force may be employed.

Further, among the rollers 81 and 83 constituting the sub-weft taking-off means, the driving roller may be movable. In this case, the drive roller and the drive source are connected, for example, by a universal joint so that power is smoothly transmitted to the drive roller.

The main and auxiliary weft pulling means of the present invention can be modified in various ways, and as an example, as shown in FIG. A nozzle 94 may also be used. The injection nozzle 94 injects compressed air toward the waist roller 93, which is the main weft pulling means, to actively pull the weft.
Send to 3.

Further, the above-mentioned suction nozzle or waist roller is used as the main weft taking-off means, and a sub-weft taking-off means consisting of a link mechanism is provided in the vicinity of the main weft-taking means. The weft threads may also be brought to this main weft take-off means.

Furthermore, the suction nozzle 61 and rollers 81, 83 shown in FIG. 5 are used as the main weft pulling means, and the compressed air injection nozzle 94 shown in FIG. Various combinations of structures are possible as long as they do not.

According to the present invention, it is possible to reliably remove the weft yarn when the jet loom is stopped, and it is possible to completely automate the removal of the weft yarn.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view showing an outline of the drive system of an air jet room according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, and Figs. 3 a and b are shown in Fig. 2. Side view illustrating the principle of the device, Figure 4a,
b, c are side views of a device specifically implementing the method shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a side view of an embodiment of the device of the present invention, and FIGS. FIG. 7 is a side view of another embodiment of the present invention. 11... Drive motor, 15... Crankshaft, 24... Heald frame, 25... Reed, 26... Weft insertion guide, 43... Feed roller, 44... Weft, 46... Pool pipe, 48... Gripper ,
50...Length measuring drum, 49...Main air jet nozzle, 51, 52...Detector, 53...Extrusion member, 54...Arm member, 61...Suction nozzle, 62...Reciprocating member, 63...Guidance plate, 6
4... Weft cutting cutter, 67... Fluid pressure cylinder, 74... Vertical rod, 81, 83... Roller, 93
...Waist roller, 94...Compressed air injection nozzle.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 Main and auxiliary weft taking-off means are provided on the side of the main jet nozzle that inserts the weft into the shed, and the main weft taking-off means takes up the weft separated from the woven fabric. A weft removing device for a jet nozzle, characterized in that the auxiliary weft taking-off means actively feeds the weft to the main weft taking-off means side. 2. The jet nozzle weft removal device according to claim 1, wherein the main weft removal means is a suction nozzle. 3. The jet nozzle weft removing device according to claim 1, wherein the main weft taking means is a waist roller. 4. The jet nozzle weft removal device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the auxiliary weft take-up means comprises a pair of rollers, and the pair of rollers are removable. 5. Claim 1, wherein the auxiliary weft taking-off means comprises a compressed air injection nozzle, and the injection nozzle is capable of injecting compressed air to the weft to be removed.
3. A jet nozzle weft removal device according to any one of items 3 to 3.