JPH0339701A - Display with diffraction grating pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To vary brightness and represent a full-color image by making respective dots, which constitute a diffraction grating pattern, different in area. CONSTITUTION:The display 1 has the dots 16 of fine diffraction grating 18 arranged on a two-dimensional plane with specific area, a specific spatial frequency, and a specific diffraction grating angle. The quantity of primary diffracted light increases in proportion to the area of the dots 16, the color of the primary diffracted light is determined by the spatial frequency of the diffraction grating 18, and its direction is determined by the angle of the diffraction gratings 18. Namely, the area of a dot 16 at a position corresponding to a high-brightness dot is large and the area of a low-brightness dot 16 is small; and the spatial frequency of a diffraction grating 18 is varied corresponding to a color represented by the dot 16 and the angle of the diffraction grating is calculated from the observation direction of the dot. Consequently, the brightness, color, and observation direction of the dot of the diffraction grating are varied optionally.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a display formed by arranging minute diffraction gratings dot by dot on a two-dimensional plane.

<Prior Art> A display having a diffraction grating pattern based on two-beam interference and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4/1986-156004. In this method, minute interference fringes (hereinafter referred to as diffraction gratings) created by two-beam interference are successively exposed onto a photosensitive film while changing their pitch, direction, and light intensity.

In addition, as a method for manufacturing a display having a diffraction grating pattern using an electron beam, minute diffraction gratings are successively drawn on an EB resist by changing the pitch, direction, and curvature of the diffraction grating using an electron beam exposure device. There is.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In the method using two-beam interference, in order to change the brightness of a minute diffraction grating, the diffraction efficiency of the diffraction grating is changed by changing the exposure time. However, if the exposure time is simply changed, the intensity distribution of the laser beam is Gaussian, so if the exposure time is increased, the center of the beam will be overexposed and the diffraction grating will be crushed, resulting in insufficient change in diffraction efficiency. I couldn't get it.

Furthermore, the brightness of a minute diffraction grating could not be changed with the method using the electron beam skin pattern. Therefore, it was not possible to express a full-color image using the above two methods.

The present invention was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to change the brightness by changing the area of each dot that makes up the diffraction grating pattern, thereby making it possible to express a full-color image. do.

<Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention, which has been made to achieve the above object, is a display comprising a flat substrate and a diffraction grating pattern formed on the surface of the substrate, the display comprising a flat substrate and a diffraction grating pattern formed on the surface of the substrate. It is characterized in that it is composed of a plurality of minute dots formed by a diffraction grating, and the area of the dots changes to a specified size for each dot.

<Operation> In the display of the present invention, since the area of each dot constituting the diffraction grating pattern is changed, brightness can be expressed by a minute diffraction grating corresponding to the area of each dot, and a full-color image can be created. becomes possible.

<Example> The present invention is a display in which minute diffraction gratings are arranged on a two-dimensional plane while changing the area for each dot,
For details, as shown in Figure 8, the display (1) is
A minute diffraction grating (16) is arranged on a dimensional plane with a predetermined area, a predetermined spatial frequency, and a predetermined diffraction grating angle.

The amount of first-order diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating increases in proportion to the area of the dot, and the color of the first-order diffracted light diffracted by the diffraction grating is determined by the spatial frequency of the diffraction grating. The direction of the first-order diffracted light is determined by the angle of the diffraction grating. Therefore, according to computer data, dots with minute diffraction gratings arranged on a two-dimensional plane have a large area at positions corresponding to high brightness dots, a small area at low brightness dots, and The color to be expressed can be changed by changing the spatial frequency of the diffraction grating, and by setting the angle of the diffraction grating calculated from the direction in which the dots are to be observed, the brightness, color, and direction in which the dots are observed can be arbitrarily adjusted. It becomes possible to change it. The brightness determined in this way,
A large number of dots that shine in the direction of color and observation are arranged on a two-dimensional plane, and a display pattern is formed as a collection of dots. The display can determine the brightness and color of each dot, so it can express full-color images, and by changing the angle of the diffraction grating, it can express images in which the observed pattern changes depending on the position of the observer's viewpoint. It is something.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A display having a diffraction grating pattern produced by a method of producing grating dots by intersecting two laser beams will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

As shown in Figure 1, two laser beams (lO),
(12) intersect on a dry plate (14), dots (
16), interference fringes, ie, a diffraction grating (18>) are generated.

At this time, by changing the thickness of the two laser beams (10) and (12), it is possible to change the area of the dot (16). Further, the period of this diffraction grating can be changed by changing the angle at which the laser beams (10) and (12) intersect. While moving the X-Y stage (20) according to the instructions of the computer, the driver having this diffraction grating (16) is formed on the dry plate (14).The thickness of the laser beam is set on the optical path of the laser beam. A lens is inserted and the position of the lens is changed by moving parallel to the optical path.In order to form three types of dots (16) representing the three colors red, green, and blue, three different angles are changed. In this way, three color spots of R, G, and B are formed at predetermined positions and predetermined areas on the dry plate (14) according to the instructions of the computer.

FIG. 2 shows an optical system for forming dots on a dry plate. The laser beam emitted from the laser (22) changes its optical path by total reflection ξ beams (24) and (26) and enters the lens (41). It is movable, making it possible to change the thickness of the laser beam on the dry plate (14).

The laser beam passing through the lens (41) is a half mirror.
(32), (34), and (36), and are divided into four beams (B1), (B2), (B3), and (84). At this time, four beams (Bl), (
82), (B3), and (B4) are set to have equal strength. 3 beams (B1) (82)
, (B3) are selected as one by the slit (38), pass through the lens (40) and mirror (42), and pass through the dry plate (
14) Incident on the top. A laser beam (B4) serving as a reference beam passes through the mirrors (44) and (46) and is incident on the dry plate (14). 4 beams (Bl),
(B2), (B3), and (84) are adjusted so that they converge at one point on the dry plate (14). Also, these four beams (Bl), (B2), (B3), (B4
) is incident on the dry plate (14), and is set to a value calculated in advance so that the diffracted light from the diffraction grating represents the three colors R, B, and B.

The dry plate (14) is placed on an XY stage and can be moved under computer control. Laser beam (Bl), (82), (B3), (B
4) is the shutter (48) just before it enters the dry plate (14).
), and exposure and non-exposure are controlled by opening and closing the shutter (48). The opening and closing times of the shutter (4 days) are varied depending on the thickness of the laser beam so that the amount of exposure per unit area on the dry plate (14) is constant.

The manufacturing process of a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. First, as shown in step A, image data is read using an image scanner and manually entered into a computer. The data input at this time also includes information on the brightness of the image of the original.

Images read by an image scanner often require correction before they can be used as manuscripts, so the corrections are made on a computer. The corrected image data is
The images are separated into R, G, and B colors and stored on a recording medium such as a floppy disk. Next, specify the color to be exposed, move the suri-nod (38) of the optical system, and use the laser beam (
Only the designated laser beam among Bl), (B2), and (83) is taken out through the slit (38) (steps B and C). Next, in step D, the X-Y stage is moved to the origin, the data of the color to be exposed is read at the location where the 0th exposure is to be performed, and it is determined whether or not to perform the exposure (steps E and F). When performing this, the lens (41) is moved to change the area of the dot (16) according to the brightness of the dot (step G), and the shutter (48) of the optical system is opened for a time corresponding to this area.
Exposure is performed (Step H). At this stage, the process of creating a diffraction grating corresponding to the color and brightness specified for one dot is completed. The X-Y stage is moved to the 0th order (
Step ■), determine whether the specified color data is completed (step J), if it is not completed, return to step 1, repeat steps E, F, G, H, I, J, and specify A plurality of dot-shaped diffraction grating patterns corresponding to the selected colors are formed.

When the data of the designated color is completed, the process advances to step K, and when another color exists, the process returns to step B. Then specify another color to be exposed and step B to J.
When the process is repeated and the designated color is exhausted, the display having the diffraction grating pattern of the present invention is completed.

A dry plate having a diffraction grating formed in this manner can be used as an original for reproduction. The well-known embossing method is used to perform the reproduction.

A display having a diffraction grating pattern by a method of manufacturing a diffraction grating using an electron beam is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
This will be explained with reference to the figures.

As shown in FIG. 5, the electron beam exposure apparatus has an electron gun (5
0), alignment (52), plunker (54), condenser lens (56), stigma meter (58),
Deflector (60), objective lens (62), X-Y
An EB resist (dry plate) (15) is placed on an XY stage (20) consisting of a stage (20). The planker (54), deflector (60), and X-Y stage (20) are connected to a computer (66) via a control interface (64).

The electron beam irradiated from the electron gun (50) is controlled by the computer (66) and scans the dry plate (15).

Figure 6 shows the dryer placed on the X-Y stage (20〉).
(15) is shown. The electron beam (70) emitted from the electron gun (50) draws a diffraction grating (18) in units of dots (16). By moving the x-y stage (20), the diffraction grating (18
) to form a diffraction grating pattern.

The manufacturing process will be described below with reference to FIG.

First, in step a, image data is read using an image scanner and input into a computer. Alternatively, image data of combiator graphics may be input into a computer.

The data input at this time also includes information on the brightness of the image of the original. Images read by an image scanner often require correction in order to be used as a manuscript, so corrections are made on a computer (step b).Next, in step C, viewing zone data is input to the combinator. This viewing zone data determines the visible direction and viewing zone of the display for each dot when the manually generated image data is reproduced as a display.0 Next, in step d, the X-Y stage is moved to the origin. let me,
In step e, dot data is input into the computer from the data file. This dot data is data regarding the location, color (spatial frequency), visible direction, visible range, and brightness of one dot in the corrected image. Then, using those data, steps r, g,
The shape of the grating is determined by h. In step i, the area of the dot is determined on the computer from the brightness data. At this time, the shape of the dot to have the area of this dot may be like a halftone dot in a printed matter,
Something like a dither method may also be used, and step f
, g, h, and t are not limited to this example, and may be in any order.

Next, in step j, the X-Y stage is moved to the position of the dot input in step e, and in step k, a grating for that dot is drawn.
A series of steps completes the drawing of a diffraction grating corresponding to one dot.

Next, in step I, in order to refer to the data of the next dot, the address of the data file is incremented by 1, and in step m, when image data at this address exists, the process returns to step e and the data of another dot is added. manually, step f, g, h, i, j, l
Repeat this series of steps until there is no more image data corresponding to the dot.

A dry plate with a diffraction grating pattern formed in this way can be used as an original for reproduction.

The well-known embossing method is used to perform the reproduction.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, the present invention has the advantage that, in a display having a diffraction grating pattern, by changing the area of the dots formed from the diffraction grating, it is possible to change the brightness according to the dots. , capable of expressing full-color images.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example in which two-beam interference is used to fabricate a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention;
The figure shows an optical system for fabricating the present invention using two-beam interference, Figure 3 shows an outline of the process for fabricating the present invention using two-beam interference, and Figure 4 shows the present invention. Flowchart showing the process of producing the invention using two-beam interference, No. 5
The figure is a schematic diagram of an example in which an electron beam is used to produce a display having a diffraction grating pattern according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an EB resist placed on an X-Y stage.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the process of producing the present emitter using an electron beam, and FIG. 8 is a plan view of a display having a diffraction grating pattern of the present invention. 10.12... Laser beam 14... Photoresist dry plate 15... EB resist dry plate 16... Dot 18... Diffraction grating 20... X-Y stage 22... Laser 38... Slit 48 ・ 50 ・ 54 ・ 60 ・ 64 ・ 66 ・ 70 ・ ・Shutter・Electron gun・Blanker・Deflector・Control interface・Computer・Electron beam

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A display consisting of a planar substrate and a diffraction grating pattern formed on the surface of the substrate, wherein the diffraction grating pattern is composed of a plurality of minute dots formed by the diffraction grating, and the dot A display having a diffraction grating pattern, the area of which changes to a specified size for each dot.