JPH03280963A - Dialytic filtration device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make a large adjustment range settable by simple constitution by providing such constitution that switching valves are connected by a short- circuit manner being intermediated by a dialytic fluid injecting/drawing pump in order to alternately inject/draw out excessive dialytic fluid to/from a dialyzer through the operation of the switching valves. CONSTITUTION:An amount of dialytic fluid fed by a pump equal to the amount of dialytic fluid, is transferred to a blood side in a dialyzer 40 by respectively operating switching valves 56, 58 and first by injecting the dialytic fluid to a dialytic fluid flow path 48a in a side of the dialyzer 40 through a dialytic fluid injecting/drawing out pump 60 from a dialytic fluid flow path 48b in an opposite side to the dialyzer 40, where the meaning of the opposite side relates to a dialytic fluid inflow/outflow amount equalizing mechanism 50. Next, an amount of water equal to the amount of the pump-fed dialytic fluid is filtered in the dialyzer 40 from a blood side to a dialytic fluid side by operating the switching valves 56, 58 and reversely by drawing out the dialytic fluid to the dialytic fluid flow path 48b in an opposite side to the dialyzer 40 through the dialytic fluid injecting/drawing pump 60 from the dialytic fluid flow path 48a in a side of the dialyzer 40.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a diafiltration device for dialysis or purification of body fluids such as blood, and in particular, the present invention relates to a diafiltration device that dialyzes or purifies body fluids such as blood. The present invention relates to an improvement in a diafiltration device having a simple and compact structure by increasing the flexibility of adjusting the function of pushing in the dialysate and drawing out the water when the steps of drawing out more water are performed alternately.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, as this type of dialysis filtration device, a device configured as shown in Fig. 6 has been proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-
33107).

This diafiltration device accommodates a semipermeable membrane and includes a body fluid supply channel 2.
and a dialyzer that purifies body fluids such as blood flowing through the body fluid delivery channel 3 by contacting the dialysate through the semipermeable membrane, and supplies the dialyzer 1 with the dialysate. A dialysate supply channel 4, a dialysate discharge channel 5 for discharging the dialysate from the dialyzer 1, and an inlet flow rate in the dialysate supply channel 4 and an outlet flow rate in the discharge channel 5 at the same time. In a device equipped with a dialysate inflow and outflow adjustment mechanism that makes the difference equal to the amount of water removed from the body, the flow path is connected to the dialysate supply flow path 4 or discharge flow path 5. A first pump means 9 for taking out a certain amount of the flowing dialysate to the outside of the system, and a dialysate in the same amount as the amount of dialysate to be taken out of the system by the first pump means 9 or other suitable amount in the flow path. A second pump means 10 for pushing the liquid from outside the system is provided, and the first pump means 9 and the second pump means 10 are alternately operated to supply the fluid to the dialyzer 1 through the supply channel 4. The dialysate flow rate or the amount of dialysate discharged from the dialyzer 1 to the discharge channel 5 is increased or decreased. In FIG. 6, reference numeral 6 indicates an inflow/outflow amount adjusting device, 7 indicates an outflow path, 8 indicates an inflow path, 12 indicates a dialysate tank, 13.14 indicates a water level control device, and 17.18 indicates a pressure control device, respectively. show.

In the diafiltration apparatus constructed in this way, if the pump means 9 and the pump means 10 are periodically and alternately operated by the water level controllers 13 and 14, the outflow path 7 and the inflow path 8
The flow rate of dialysate discharged by the inflow/outflow control device 6 through the flow path 4 and the flow rate of dialysate supplied through the supply flow path 4 are adjusted so that the difference between them becomes the amount of water removed from the body, and by the operation of the pump means 9. When taking out the dialysate flowing through the discharge channel 5 into the dialysate tank 12, the dialyzer 1
The amount of dialysate discharged from the dialysate increases by the amount discharged by the pump means 9. As a result, the pressure of the dialysate becomes more negative, and the dialyzer 1 operates to draw out water in the body fluid to the dialysate side through the semipermeable membrane in an amount equivalent to the discharge amount of the pump means 9. On the other hand, due to the operation of the pump means 10, the discharge channel 5
When pumping the dialysate in the dialysate tank 12 into the dialyzer 1, the amount of dialysate discharged from the dialyzer 1 is increased by the pump means 10 even though the amount of dialysate supplied to the dialyzer 1 remains unchanged. It decreases by the amount of discharge. This creates a positive pressure in the dialysate,
The dialyzer 1 operates to push dialysate into the body fluid in response to the amount drawn out to the dialysate side through the semi-permeable membrane by the amount discharged by the pump means 10.

Therefore, by alternately operating the pump means 9 and 10, water is drawn out and dialysate is alternately pushed between the body fluid side and the dialysate side in the dialyzer 1 via the semipermeable membrane. The lack of water in the body fluid caused by the transfer of water from the body fluid side to the dialysate side is replenished by the subsequent transfer of dialysate to the body fluid side, so no special replacement fluid or replacement fluid introduction mechanism is required. becomes.

Furthermore, as this type of dialysis filtration device, one constructed as shown in FIG.
Publication No. 64). That is, the apparatus shown in FIG. 7 purifies blood by providing a dialyzer or filter 20 that defines a blood system 24 and a dialysate or filtrate system 26 via a semipermeable membrane or filtration membrane 22. In an artificial kidney device, blood system 2
A reservoir 28.30 equipped with a load cell 32.34 is connected to the dialysate or filtrate system 26 through reversible liquid transfer means PI and P2, respectively, and the reversible liquid transfer means PI,
The membrane is configured to alternately perform diafiltration and backwashing by changing the pressure conditions within the dialyzer or filter by switching back feed of P2. The device configured in this way has a load cell 32.3 provided in the reservoir 28.30.
4, by setting the upper and lower limits of the amount of the stored liquid, and controlling the switching of the reversible liquid transfer means PI and P2 at the limits of these set liquid amounts, the liquid is returned to the body via the dialyzer in the blood system. Not only is it possible to backwash the membrane while maintaining a constant amount of fluid at all times, but it also balances the push of dialysate into the blood system and the corresponding withdrawal of water, similar to the diafiltration device described above. can be achieved well.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in the conventional apparatus described above, a dialysate tank 12 or a reservoir 28, 30 is provided, and a means for measuring the amount of dialysate in the dialysate tank or reservoir (a water level controller or a load meter) and a dialysate are provided. Since it is necessary to provide pumps for injecting and withdrawing liquid, the structure not only becomes complicated, but also makes it difficult to downsize the overall structure of the device.

In addition, with the conventional device having the above-mentioned configuration, it is not possible to sufficiently clean the dialysate tank or reservoir, so it is necessary to take measures such as making the dialysate tank or reservoir disposable or providing a cleaning line. Each method has the disadvantage of increasing costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a bypass flow path in a dialysate system, to operate this bypass flow path using a switching valve, and to perform injection and withdrawal of dialysate into and from this bypass flow path using a common pump means. To provide a diafiltration device which has a simple configuration and can set a sufficiently large adjustment range without providing a tank or a reservoir for storing dialysate.

[Means to solve the problem]

A diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention is a dialysis filtration apparatus that purifies blood and includes a dialyzer that defines a blood system and a dialysate system via a semipermeable membrane. An equalization mechanism is provided, a pair of bypass flow paths is connected to the dialysate flow paths before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow amount equalization mechanism, and a switching valve is provided in a part of each of these bypass flow paths. At the same time, these switching valves are short-circuited via pumps for injecting and withdrawing dialysate, and each of the switching valves is operated to supply dialysate to the dialyzer against the operation of the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism. In the diafiltration apparatus described above, the diafiltration apparatus is configured to alternately perform excessive injection and withdrawal of the dialysate, and a pair of bypasses connected to the dialysate flow path before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism. The channels can be configured to respectively connect to outlet dialysate channels of the dialyzer.

Further, the pair of bypass flow paths can be configured such that one end thereof is connected to the dialysate flow path on the supply side of the dialyzer, and the other end is connected to the dialysate flow path on the discharge side of the dialyzer.

Furthermore, the diafiltration apparatus of the present invention can be easily modified by providing a dialysate inflow/outflow adjustment mechanism that can adjust the inflow and outflow of dialysate in place of the dialysate inflow/outflow equalization mechanism. Can be configured.

[Effect]

According to the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention, a pair of bypass channels are connected to the dialysate channels before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism, and a pair of bypass channels are connected to each other in a part of these bypass channels. In a configuration in which switching valves are provided and these switching valves are short-circuited via pumps for injecting and withdrawing dialysate, each of the switching valves is operated, and the dialysate flow rate equalization mechanism is first By injecting dialysate from the dialysate flow path on the opposite side of the device to the dialysate flow path on the dialyzer side via the dialysate injection/drawing pump, dialysis can be performed in an amount equivalent to the amount of dialysate transferred by the pump. The fluid is transferred to the blood side in the dialyzer, and then, by operating the switching valve, the fluid is transferred from the dialysate flow path on the dialyzer side to the dialysate injection/drawing pump on the opposite side of the dialyzer. By withdrawing dialysate into the dialysate flow path, an amount of water equivalent to the amount of dialysate pumped is filtered from the blood side to the dialysate side in the dialyzer. In this way, simple and appropriate water removal control in the diafiltration apparatus can be achieved by operating the switching valve provided in the bypass flow path and operating the dialysate injection/drawing pump.

〔Example〕

Next, embodiments of the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1 to 3 are system diagrams of essential parts showing one embodiment of the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention. 1 to 3, reference numeral 40 indicates a dialyzer, 42.44 a blood system, 46.48 a dialysate system, and 50 a dialysate inflow/outflow rate equalization mechanism, respectively. However, in this embodiment, a bypass flow path that communicates with the dialysate flow paths 48a and 48b before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism 50 of the dialysate system 48 on the discharge side of the dialysate system is provided. 52.54 are connected and arranged, and these bypass channels 52.
A switching valve 56,58 such as a three-way switching valve is provided in a part of each of the switching valves 56, 54.
are short-circuited together via a pump 60 for injecting and withdrawing dialysate. As the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism 50, for example, a well-known dual pump or chamber-based balance mechanism that can maintain the suction volume and discharge volume at the same level can be suitably employed. .

The diafiltration apparatus constructed in this way and of this embodiment has a second
As shown in the figure, by switching and holding the switching valves 56 and 58, the bypass flow path 5 communicates with the dialysate flow path 48b.
2 is set to communicate with the bypass flow path 54 which communicates with the dialysate flow path 48a via the switching valve 56, the dialysate injection/drawing pump 60, and the switching valve 58. By operating the pump 60 with these settings, dialysate is transferred from the dialysate flow path 48b to 48a, and an amount of dialysate equivalent to the transferred dialysate volume is transferred to the blood side of the dialyzer 40. can be moved to.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the switching valves 56 and 58 are switched while the dialysate injection/withdrawal pump 60 is operating.
A bypass flow path 52 communicating with the dialysate flow path 48a is set to communicate with a bypass flow path 54 communicating with the dialysate flow path 48b via the switching valve 56, the pump 60, and the switching valve 58. With this setting, the dialysate is transferred from the dialysate flow path 48a to 48b, and an amount of water equivalent to the transferred dialysate amount is filtered from the blood side to the dialysate side in the dialyzer 40. Therefore, in this case, if a larger amount of filtration is performed than in the case of one culm shown in FIG. 2, the difference becomes water removal.

In addition, in this embodiment, the dialyzer 40 and the dialysate system 4
At the time of cleaning and disinfection in step 6.48, sufficient cleaning and disinfection can be achieved simply by operating the dialysate injection/drawing pump 6o and appropriately switching the switching valves 56, 58.

FIG. 4 is a system diagram of essential parts showing another embodiment of the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention. In this embodiment, one end of each of the bypass channel 54 and the bypass channel 52 in the previous embodiment is connected to the dialysate channel 46a and the dialysate channel 46a before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism 50 of the supply side dialysate system 4G. 46b. With this configuration as well, the switching valve 5
By performing the operation in step 6.58 and operating the dialysate injection/drawing pump 6o, it is possible to achieve water removal control exactly the same as in the previous embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a system diagram of main parts showing still another embodiment of the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the connection structure of the bypass channels 52 and 54 is the same as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, but the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism 50 is replaced with A dialysate inflow/flow 8:i amount adjustment mechanism 62 is provided which can appropriately adjust the inflow and outflow amounts. With this configuration, the dialysate injection and withdrawal pumps 60, which are connected to parts of the bypass flow paths 52 and 54 by providing switching valves 56 and 58, respectively, have their injection and withdrawal amounts set to the same amount. However, water removal control can be achieved by the dialysate inflow/outflow adjustment mechanism 62.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the embodiments described above, according to the present invention,
Because a single or common pump for dialysate injection and withdrawal is used to inject and withdraw dialysate, there is no deviation in the amount of dialysate injected or withdrawn, and the amount of dialysate is kept within the reservoir. Since there is no need to provide a tank for storing dialysate for measurement, highly accurate diafiltration can be achieved with a simple configuration.

Furthermore, according to the device of the present invention, there is no need for a means for storing dialysate such as a reservoir, so the dialysate system can be sufficiently cleaned and disinfected without providing any special means or performing any special operations. Is possible.

Furthermore, the pump for injecting and withdrawing dialysate used in the device of the present invention can be a water removal pump used in conventional diafiltration devices, and therefore, this pump and two switching valves can be used. As a result, the device of the present invention is not only significantly smaller and simpler in configuration than conventional devices, but also has easier maintenance work and significantly reduces manufacturing costs. You can get two things by reducing it.

4゜In addition, since the dialysate injection/drawing pump is for single use and there is no need to provide a reservoir etc.
There is no capacity limit, and speed setting becomes easy and reliable. As a result, for example, the injection/withdrawal speed and the injection/withdrawal amount can be arbitrarily set and changed, thereby improving the performance of this type of diafiltration apparatus and expanding its versatility.

Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 3 show an embodiment of the diafiltration apparatus according to the present invention, in which Figure 1 is a system diagram showing the main parts of the blood system and dialysate system, and Figure 2 is a dialysis filtration device. Fig. 3 is a main part system diagram showing the liquid system injection process, Fig. 3 is a main part system diagram showing the dialysate system withdrawal process, and Fig. 4 is a main part system diagram showing another embodiment of the diafiltration device according to the present invention. 5 are essential system diagrams showing still another embodiment of the diafiltration device according to the present invention, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are essential system diagrams showing the configuration of a conventional diafiltration device, respectively. . 0... Dialyzer 42... Blood system 4... Blood system 46... Dialysate system 8... Dialysate system 0... Dialysate inflow/outflow amount equalization mechanism 2.54...・
Bypass flow path 6.58...Switching valve O...Dialysate injection/withdrawal pump 2...Dialysate inflow/outflow adjustment mechanism FIG. 2 Fl(3゜FIG FIG 0 FIG. 0

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In a diafiltration device that purifies blood by installing a dialyzer in which a blood system and a dialysate system are separated by a semipermeable membrane, a dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism is provided in the dialysate system, A pair of bypass channels are connected to the dialysate channels before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism, and a switching valve is provided in a part of each of these bypass channels, and the switching valves are connected to each other. A short-circuit connection is made between the dialysate and the dialysate via a pump for injecting and withdrawing the dialysate, and the switching valves are respectively operated to prevent excessive inflow and withdrawal of dialysate from the dialyzer, contrary to the operation of the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism. A diafiltration device characterized by being configured to alternately perform the following steps. (2) Claim 1 in which the pair of bypass flow paths connected to the dialysate flow paths before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism are respectively connected to the dialysate flow path on the discharge side of the dialyzer. The described diafiltration device. (3) A pair of bypass flow paths connected to the dialysate flow paths before and after the dialysate inflow/outflow volume equalization mechanism each have one end connected to the dialysate flow path on the supply side of the dialyzer,
2. The diafiltration apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the other end of each of the two is connected to a dialysate flow path on the discharge side of the dialyzer. (4) The diafiltration apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a dialysate inflow/outflow adjustment mechanism capable of adjusting the inflow and outflow of the dialysate in place of the dialysate inflow/outflow equalization mechanism.