JPH0325881Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to an angle head that is removably inserted into the main shaft of a machine tool such as a machining center and grips a tool. The present invention relates to an angle head having an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism in which the rotating shaft is provided with an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism having a lock mechanism and a relatively low pressure air cylinder.

"Prior Art" In a machining center, tools in a tool magazine are automatically exchanged into a spindle for use.
Therefore, in principle, machining in a direction different from the spindle axis direction is not possible. Therefore, an angle head is used which incorporates a drive shaft that is inserted into the main shaft and a rotating shaft that runs in a direction that intersects with the drive shaft.

[The problem that the idea aims to solve]

A desired tool is automatically exchanged between the rotating shaft of the angle head inserted into the main shaft of the machine tool and the tool magazine. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the rotating shaft with an automatic tool attachment/removal mechanism. .
As described above, the angle head pivots on the drive shaft and the rotation shaft, has a rotation transmission mechanism from the drive shaft to the rotation shaft, and is also provided with an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism as described above. , it becomes extremely heavy. When this heavy angle head is inserted into the main spindle, an excessive load is applied to the main spindle, causing the problem that high-precision machining cannot be performed. Furthermore, many of the automatic tool attachment and detachment mechanisms use hydraulic cylinders to attach and detach tools. The reason is that in order to reliably grip the tool within the rotating shaft, a spring or the like is required to generate a corresponding gripping force. Therefore, when releasing the tool, a cylinder with a pressing force that resists the spring force is required. This is because a relatively large capacity hydraulic cylinder is required for this purpose. In the case of a hydraulic cylinder, it is heavy in itself, requires piping and wiring for docking with the hydraulic unit, and has a fairly complex structure.

The present invention solves the above problems and is an angle head with an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism that is as light as possible, makes attachment and detachment of the angle head easy, and does not adversely affect the spindle side. The purpose is to provide

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention pivots a drive shaft that is removably inserted into the main shaft of a machine tool and transmits the rotation of the main shaft, and is arranged to intersect with the drive shaft. The rotary shaft is rotatably driven by the rotary shaft and has a tapered hole into which a tool to be automatically replaced is inserted, and an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism for attaching and detaching the inserted tool. In the angle head, the automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism includes a locking mechanism that self-locks the movement of the drawbar for opening and closing the hook that engages the pull stud of the inserted tool, and a relatively low-pressure mechanism for moving the drawbar. The lock mechanism has a first tapered surface on its inner surface that comes into contact with a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward the front of the outer periphery of the drawbar, and a first tapered surface on its outer surface that contacts a tapered portion that increases in diameter toward the front of the outer periphery of the drawbar. a wedge-shaped hook forming a second tapered surface whose diameter increases toward the rear;
an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism comprising: a tapered surface formed within the rotating shaft so as to come into contact with the second tapered surface of the wedge-shaped hook when the first tapered surface comes into contact with the tapered portion; This constitutes an angle head having a

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the angle head 1 of this embodiment mounted on a horizontal machining center.

Headstock 1 slidably supported by column 101
The tapered shank portion 2a of the drive shaft 2 of the angle head 1 is removably attached to the main shaft of the angle head 1 (not clearly shown in the drawings). Column 101 is bed 10
3 is slidably supported on. A tool magazine 104, a table 105, etc. are supported on the bed 103.

As will be explained in detail later, the angle head 1 includes a rotating shaft (not shown) on which a tool 106 is removably inserted.
is formed, and the rotating shaft is disposed perpendicular to the axis of the main shaft. The tool 106 in the rotating shaft is automatically replaced from the tool magazine 104. Therefore, by mounting the angle head 1 on the headstock 102, it functions as a vertical machining center. Note that the angle head 1 is connected to the headstock 102.
It can be relatively easily attached automatically or manually using an attaching means (not shown). The tapered shank portion 2a of the drive shaft is tightened to the headstock 102 by gripping means provided within the main shaft. Further, the tool 106 is gripped by an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism 3 provided on the angle head 1.

FIG. 2 shows the detailed structure of the angle head 1.

The drive shaft 2 has bearings 5 and 6 mounted on the angle head body 4.
A tapered shank portion 2a is formed at one end thereof to be inserted into the headstock 102, and a bevel gear 7 is fixed to the other end by a key 8 and a nut 9. Further, a rotation stopper 10 is fixed to the bevel gear 7. Note that a pull stud 2b is formed on the taper shank portion 2a, and is gripped by the gripping means (not shown) in the existing main shaft as described above.

The rotating shaft 11 is pivotally supported by the angle head main body 4 via bearings 12 and 13, and is disposed perpendicular to the drive shaft 2. A bevel gear 14 that meshes with the bevel gear 7 is fixed to the outer periphery of the rotating shaft 11 by a key 15 or the like, and is formed to be rotationally driven by the drive shaft 2 . Further, a tapered hole 16 into which a tool 106 is inserted is formed in the rotating shaft 11.

Next, the automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism 3 will be explained. In addition,
In this embodiment, the hook that grips the pull stud of the tool is the first hook 17, and the hook that engages with the first hook 17 to open and close it is the second hook 1.
9, and the third hook 22 is a hook having a locking mechanism, and the shapes of the first and second hooks 17, 19 are formed from general shapes.

A first hook 17 is engaged with the pull stud 106a of the tool 106, and a first hook 17 is engaged with the pull stud 106a of the tool 106.
One end side of the drawbar 18 is engaged. A second hook 19 is provided on the outer periphery of the first hook 17 and is fixedly supported within the rotating shaft 11.
8 is slidably supported.

Due to the above structure, when the first drawbar 18 moves to the right in the figure, the first hook 17 moves to the second hook 1.
9 and acts to grip the pull stud 106a.

One end of a holder 20 is in contact with one end of the second hook 19, and one end of an auxiliary holder 21 is engaged with the other end of the holder 20.

Next, as shown in FIG.
The structure around the hook 22 will be explained.

The third hook 22 is split into three parts and is housed in the holder 20, and one front end of the third hook 22 is locked to a locking portion on the other end of the first drawbar 18. On the other hand, a taper 22b whose diameter increases toward the front is formed on the inner surface of the other rear end, and a taper surface 22a whose diameter expands toward the rear is formed on the outer peripheral side of the taper 22b.
is formed.

The tapered surface 22a abuts and engages with a tapered surface 20a formed on the rear end side of the holder 20. On the other hand, the second
The drawbar 23 is slidably supported by the auxiliary holder 21, and a tapered portion 23a is formed on the front end thereof to abut and engage with the tapered surface 22b of the third hook. Furthermore, a locking portion 23b with which the auxiliary holder 21 abuts and engages is formed. Note that the taper part 2
When 3a contacts the tapered surface 22b, the tapered surface 20a and the tapered surface 22a are formed so as to contact at the same time.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the second drawbar 2
A spring receiving member 24 is screwed onto the other end of 3, and the spring receiving member 24 is slidably supported within the rotating shaft 11. A spring 25 is interposed between the auxiliary holder 21 and the spring receiving member 24.

As shown in FIG. 1, the air cylinder includes a cylinder body 26 fixed to the angle head body 4;
It consists of a piston 27 and a rod 28 that are slidably supported therein, and the rod 28 is disposed at a position facing the second drawbar 23 at its other end.
Note that factory air of, for example, about 7 atmospheres is introduced into the cylinder, and the pressing force may be slightly higher than the attachment strength of the spring 25 when the tool 106 is inserted. Further, the mounting strength of the spring 25 may be such that the tool 106 can be inserted into the rotating shaft 11, and does not need to be strong enough to press and fix the tool 106 into the rotating shaft 11.

In FIG. 2, the angle head body 4 includes:
A locking rod 29, which is removably locked to the rotation stopper 10, is restrained from rotation and supported slidably. When the locking rod 29 locks with the rotation stopper 10, the rotation of the bevel gear 7 is restricted. When the angle head 1 is attached to the headstock 102, as shown in the figure, the two are unlocked and the rotation of the drive shaft 2 is transmitted, but when the angle head 1 is removed from the headstock 102, the two are locked. , unnecessary rotation of the rotating shaft 11 and the like is prevented.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained.

First, the operation of the automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism 3 will be explained.

When the tool 106 is inserted into the rotating shaft, the second drawbar 23 and the rod 28 are separated from each other, and the second drawbar 23 and the rod 28 are separated from each other.
The drawbar 23 is about to be pulled in the third right direction by the spring 25. As a result, the tapered portion 23a of the second drawbar 23 is brought into surface contact with the tapered surface 22b of the third hook 22. As a result, the tapered surfaces 22a and 20a come into surface contact, and the third hook 22 is pushed up along the tapered surface 20a of the holder 20. Therefore, the tapered surface 22b on the inner circumference of the third hook 22, the tapered portion 23a on the second drawbar 23, and the tapered surface 2 on the outer circumference of the third hook 22.
2a and the tapered surface 20a of the holder 20, the third hook 22 is held stationary.

In the case of the prior art without the third hook 22,
Only the pulling force by the spring 25 acts, but
Since the self-locking force as described above acts, in the case of this embodiment, even if the pulling force of the spring 25 is small, the third hook 22 is lifted by the self-locking force.
is retained, so that the tool 106 can be locked in its inserted position. To release the lock, it is sufficient to press the second drawbar 23 with the rod 28 of the air cylinder, and the pressing force only needs to be slightly greater than the pulling force. That is, the tool 106 can be opened with a small pressing force. Therefore, the air cylinder described above can be used without using a large capacity hydraulic cylinder as in the prior art. Air cylinder is 7
It is possible to use factory air at about atmospheric pressure, the piping is extremely simple compared to a hydraulic power source, and there is no actual harm even if the used air is discharged to the outside air. It is also much lighter in weight. Therefore, the weight of the entire angle head can be reduced.

[Effect of idea]

According to the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.

1. By providing an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism with a locking mechanism within the rotating shaft of the angle head, the tool can be locked in a predetermined position without having to draw the tool in with a large spring force as in the prior art.

2. Since the retracting force is small, a small air cylinder is used as a means for pressing the drawbar, and the total weight of the angle head can be reduced. Therefore, the angle head can be easily attached to the main spindle, and the load of the angle head acting on the main spindle is also reduced, so that deterioration of the accuracy of the main spindle is prevented and high-precision machining becomes possible.

3 Air cylinders can be used, so
The piping system becomes simple, and the docking structure between the angle head and the piping system is also simple and easy to handle.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a side view of a horizontal machining center equipped with an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an axial sectional view of the embodiment, and Fig. 3 is a partial axial sectional view showing details of the automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism of the embodiment. It is. 1...Angle head, 2...Drive shaft, 2a...
...Taper shank part, 2b...Pull stud, 3
...Automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism, 4...Angle head body, 5, 6, 12, 13...Bearing, 7, 14...
Bevel gear, 8, 15...key, 9...nut, 10
... Rotation stopper, 11 ... Rotating shaft, 16 ... Tapered hole, 17 ... First hook, 18 ... First drawbar, 19 ... Second hook, 20 ... Holder, 21 ... Auxiliary holder, 20a...tapered surface,
22... Third hook, 22a, 22b... Tapered surface, 23... Second drawbar, 23a... Taper part, 23b... Locking part, 24... Spring receiving member, 25... Spring, 26 ...Cylinder body, 27
... Piston, 28 ... Rod, 29 ... Locking rod, 101 ... Column, 102 ... Headstock, 1
03...Head, 104...Tool magazine, 10
5...Table, 106...Tool, 106a...
pull studs.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] It is removably inserted into the main shaft of a machine tool and pivots on the drive shaft that transmits the rotation of the main shaft. The automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism is installed in an angle head that pivots between a tapered hole into which a tool to be replaced is inserted and a rotary shaft provided with an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism for attaching/detaching the inserted tool. A locking mechanism that self-locks the movement of a drawbar for opening and closing a hook that engages with a pull stud of a tool, and an air cylinder that is driven at a relatively low pressure to move the drawbar. The lock mechanism is
A wedge is formed on the inner surface of the drawbar to form a first tapered surface that comes into contact with a tapered portion whose diameter increases toward the front of the outer periphery of the drawbar, and a second tapered surface whose diameter increases toward the rear on the outer surface of the drawbar. and a tapered surface formed within the rotating shaft so as to abut the second tapered surface of the wedge-shaped hook when the first tapered surface abuts the tapered portion. An angle head with an automatic tool attachment/detachment mechanism.