JPH03247933A - Air-conditioner system of refrigerant automatic circulation type - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate pipe connection work between a condensor and an evaporator, improve workability and prevent occurrence of trouble caused by a leakage of refrigerant by a method wherein a major liquid header and a terminal side liquid header are communicated and connected through a refrigerant liquid pipe and concurrently a major steam header and a terminal steam header are communicated and connected through a respective refrigerant steam pipe. CONSTITUTION:Each of the floors is provided with a terminal end liquid header 11 and a terminal end steam header 12. A main liquid header 8 and a terminal liquid header 11 are communicated and connected through a refrigerant liquid pipe 7a of soft copper pipe. A main steam header 10 and a terminal end steam header 12 are communicated and connected through respective refrigerant steam pipes 9a of a soft copper pipe. The terminal end liquid header 11 and evaporators 3 and 3 are communicated and connected through a refrigerant steam pipe 9b. Accordingly, it is possible to supply refrigerant liquid from a condensor 1 on the heat source side through respective refrigerant pipes to an evaporator on the utilization side to be mounted on every floor and to return the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator to the condensor through respective refrigerant vapor pipes.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention supplies refrigerant through natural circulation from a condenser or evaporator serving as a heat source to an evaporator or WE condenser serving as a user installed on each floor. It also relates to refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning systems that perform air conditioning such as cooling and heating.

<Conventional technology> Use of refrigerant? In a refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system that circulates the refrigerant for air conditioning such as cooling or heating, for example, in the case of cooling, the condenser that serves as the heat source is installed on the roof of the building, and in the case of heating, the condenser is installed on the roof of the building. If so, install the evaporator that will be the heat source in the basement of the building, and install the evaporator or condenser that will be the user side on each floor with a predetermined head difference from the condenser or evaporator that will be the heat source. The condenser and 7 generators are connected via refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping, and the condenser and evaporator are connected to each other via refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping. The refrigerant is sealed and filled with a refrigerant that changes phase between liquid and gas as heat is exchanged in each container.

<Problem to be solved by the invention> However, in the current situation where buildings are getting taller in recent years, the number of evaporators or condensers installed on the user side in the conventional air conditioning system is increasing. The amount of refrigerant required to circulate between the evaporator or condenser on the usage side and the evaporator or condenser on the heat source side also increases. Since this large amount of refrigerant is filled in one closed system, if a leak occurs in a part of the refrigerant liquid piping or refrigerant vapor piping, a large amount of refrigerant will be concentrated at the leaking point. It had the drawback that it could leak and cause a major accident due to lack of oxygen.

In addition, since the amount of refrigerant is large, in the case of cooling, it is connected to the refrigerant liquid piping connected to the evaporator on the lower floor side, and in the case of heating, it is connected to the evaporator, which is the heat source side. A large amount of pressure is applied to each refrigerant liquid pipe, which requires piping with enough strength to withstand that large pressure.Many pipes with short unit lengths must be connected. A high-precision seal structure is required at each connection point, making the pipe connection work labor-intensive and difficult to construct.In addition, the construction period becomes longer and construction costs increase, and the configuration becomes complicated, making it expensive and uneconomical. It had some drawbacks.

As a method for reducing the above-mentioned pressure, JP-A-1-1
There is one described in Publication No. 31836. According to this conventional example, for example, the evaporators for each of multiple floors, such as three floors each, and the liquid receiver connected to the condenser are connected through separate refrigerant liquid pipes, and the condenser and The system is connected to the evaporator via refrigerant vapor piping, and a valve is provided in each refrigerant liquid piping near the liquid receiver, and it is detected that a predetermined amount of refrigerant liquid has accumulated in each refrigerant liquid piping. A sensor is provided so that a predetermined amount of refrigerant liquid is always stored in each refrigerant liquid pipe to reduce the pressure applied to the condenser.

However, since the evaporators are connected to each other by refrigerant vapor piping, there is a problem that if refrigerant leaks, it could lead to a major accident, and a control configuration using sensors and pulp is required, which is expensive. There was a drawback.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it improves workability by making it easier to connect the condenser and evaporator, and also prevents refrigerant leakage. The purpose is to prevent the spread of such accidents into major accidents.

<Means for Solving the Problem> In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention of claim (1) has an evaporator that is used on each floor. A condenser serving as a heat source side and the evaporator are connected in communication via a refrigerant liquid pipe and a refrigerant vapor pipe, and the condenser, the evaporator, and the refrigerant liquid pipe and the refrigerant vapor pipe are sealed in a sealed state. The refrigerant is configured to circulate and flow, and the refrigerant is a refrigerant that changes phase into liquid and vapor as heat is exchanged in the condenser and the evaporator. In an air conditioning system that has a head difference sufficient to naturally circulate the refrigerant between the condenser and the condenser, a main liquid header and a main steam header are installed near the condenser, and each floor is connected to one generator. A terminal side liquid header and a terminal side fume header are provided,
The main liquid header and the terminal liquid header are connected to each other via separate refrigerant liquid pipes, and the main steam header and the terminal side vapor header are connected to each other via separate refrigerant vapor pipes.

In addition, in order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention of claim (2) is provided with a condenser on the user side on each floor, and an evaporator on the heat source side. The evaporator and the condenser are connected in communication via a refrigerant liquid pipe and a refrigerant vapor pipe, and the refrigerant is circulated and flowed in a sealed state across the evaporator, the condenser, and the refrigerant liquid pipe and the refrigerant vapor pipe. constitute, and
As the refrigerant, a refrigerant whose phase changes into liquid and vapor is used as a result of heat exchange in the evaporator and condenser, and the refrigerant is naturally circulated between the condenser and the evaporator. In an air conditioning system equipped with a sufficient head difference, a main liquid header and a main steam header are installed near the evaporator, and a terminal side liquid header and a terminal side steam header are installed on each floor, which are connected in communication with the condenser. The main liquid header and the terminal side liquid header are connected through separate refrigerant liquid piping, and the main steam header and the terminal side steam header are connected through separate refrigerant vapor piping. .

<Operation> According to the configuration of the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention of claim (1), the heat source side is connected to the user side evaporator installed on each floor by means of individual refrigerant liquid piping. The refrigerant liquid can be supplied from the condenser and the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator can be returned to the condenser by a separate refrigerant vapor piping.

According to the configuration of the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention of claim 0, the evaporator, which is the heat source side, is connected to the condenser, which is the user side, and is installed on each floor by separate refrigerant vapor piping. refrigerant vapor from the condenser and refrigerant liquid from the condenser can be returned to the evaporator by separate refrigerant liquid piping.

<Example> Next, an example of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

Figure 1 shows whether the refrigerant is natural? ! 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing an example of a refrigerant natural circulation cooling system, which is an example of a ring air conditioning system; 1 indicates a condenser that is installed on the roof of a building and serves as a heat source for cooling; This condenser 1 is supplied with cold water from a heat source such as an ice heat storage tank.

An individual air conditioner 4 equipped with a blower fan 2 and an evaporator 3 on the user side for cooling is installed in each room on each floor of the building.
is provided.

A liquid receiver 5 is connected in communication with the condenser 1, an accumulator 6 is connected in communication with the liquid receiver 5, a refrigerant liquid pipe 7 is connected in communication with the accumulator 6, and a refrigerant is connected directly below the accumulator 6. A main liquid header 8 is provided in the liquid pipe 7.

A refrigerant vapor pipe 9 is connected to the condenser 1, and
A main steam header 10 is provided in the refrigerant steam pipe 9 at the same level near the condenser.

Each floor is provided with a terminal side liquid header 11 and a terminal side steam header 12, and the main liquid header 8 and the terminal side liquid header 11 are connected to each other through individual refrigerant liquid piping 7a made of mild steel pipes. The main steam ladder 10 and the terminal side steam header 12 are connected to each other via individual refrigerant steam piping 9a made of mild steel pipes.

The terminal side liquid header 11 and the evaporator 3.3 are connected to the refrigerant liquid pipe 7.
The terminal side steam header 12 and the evaporator 3.3 are connected through a refrigerant vapor pipe 9b.

Condenser 1, evaporator 3..., refrigerant liquid piping 7, 7a...
7b... and refrigerant vapor piping 9, 9a..., 9b...
..., a refrigerant whose phase changes from liquid to vapor due to heat exchange in the evaporator 3 and from vapor to liquid due to condensation in the condenser 1 is sealed in a sealed state.

The liquid receiver 5 is installed at a higher position than each of the evaporators 3, and the refrigerant whose phase has been changed from vapor to liquid by condensation in the condenser 1 is supplied to the evaporator 3, and The head difference is sufficient for the refrigerant whose phase has changed from liquid to gas due to the heat exchange in step 3 to rise and return to the condenser 1. is configured to naturally circulate and flow between the condenser 1 and the evaporator 3.

Freon gas R-22 is used as the refrigerant. This has the advantage of not destroying the ozone layer because it contains hydrogen and chlorine and decomposes in the troposphere.

At the entrance to each of the refrigerant liquid pipes 7b . . . the evaporator 3, a flow rate tA regulating valve 13 for adjusting the amount of refrigerant liquid inflow and an electromagnetic on-off valve 14 for blocking the refrigerant liquid inflow are provided.

A room corresponding to the individual air conditioner 4 is provided with a room temperature sensor 14a for measuring the temperature in the room.
A room temperature control device 14b is connected to the room temperature control device 1 [14b, and an electromagnetic on-off valve 14 is connected to the room temperature control device 1 [14b. It is configured to open and close.

Refrigerant vapor piping 9b...A temperature sensing tube 15 for sensing the temperature of the refrigerant vapor is provided at the outlet point from each evaporator 3, and is mechanically activated by the pressure difference in the temperature sensing tube 15.
The flow rate control valve 13 is configured so that the pressure difference is maintained constant.
It is configured so that the opening degree can be adjusted automatically. This flow rate wR regulating valve 13 has a structure similar to an automatic expansion valve used in a refrigeration system, and its pressure equalization side may be either an internal pressure equalization type or an external pressure equalization type.
The configuration for controlling the supply amount of refrigerant liquid includes a thermistor that detects the saturation temperature of the refrigerant and an electrically operated flow rate that adjusts the degree of opening according to the sensed temperature. lit! ?
It is also possible to use a J valve.

In the figure, 16 indicates a check valve that prevents the refrigerant liquid from flowing back from the accumulator 6 side to the receiver 5 side.

The upper space of the accumulator 6 and the condenser 1 are connected via the first pipe 17, and when the outside air temperature is high in a stopped state such as at night, the accumulator 6 and the refrigerant liquid pipe 7 below it are connected to each other through the first pipe 17. 7a... When the refrigerant liquid evaporates and refrigerant vapor is generated, the refrigerant vapor is returned to the condenser 1.

Further, the upper space of the liquid receiver 5 and the condenser l are connected to the second pipe 1.
The refrigerant liquid condensed and liquefied in the condenser 1 can smoothly flow down to the liquid receiver 5.

FIG. 2 is an overall system configuration diagram showing an example of a refrigerant natural circulation type heating system, which is an example of a refrigerant natural circulation type air conditioning system, and 21 is a heating heat source side installed in a basement of a building or the like. This evaporator 2 is shown as
First, when used in conjunction with an air conditioning system, hot water obtained by utilizing exhaust heat from a refrigeration system or hot water from a district heating and cooling system is supplied as a heat source.

Each room on each floor of a building is provided with an individual air conditioner 24 equipped with a blower fan 22 and a condenser 23 on the user side for heating.

A liquid receiver 25 is connected to the evaporator 21, an accumulator 26 is connected to the liquid receiver 25, a refrigerant vapor pipe 27 is connected to the accumulator 26, and a liquid receiver 25 is connected to the liquid receiver 25. , a 7der 28 to the main 1 air is provided in the refrigerant thin air pipe 27.

A refrigerant liquid pipe 29 is communicatively connected to the evaporator 21 , and a main liquid header 30 is provided on the refrigerant liquid pipe 29 at a location near the evaporator 21 .

Each floor is provided with a terminal side liquid header 31 and a terminal side steam header 32, and the main liquid header 30 and the terminal side liquid header 31 are connected to each other through individual refrigerant liquid piping 29a made of mild steel pipes. The main steam header 28 and the terminal side steam header 32 are connected to each other via individual refrigerant steam piping 27a made of mild steel pipes.

The terminal side liquid header 31 and the condenser 23.23 are connected to each other via the refrigerant liquid pipe 29b, and the terminal side liquid header 3
2 and the condenser 23.23 are connected to each other via a refrigerant vapor pipe 27b.

Evaporator 21, condenser 23..., refrigerant liquid piping 29°29
a..., 29b... and refrigerant vapor piping 27.27
a..., 27b..., a refrigerant whose phase changes from liquid to vapor due to heat exchange in the evaporator 21 and from vapor to liquid due to condensation in the condenser 23 is sealed in a sealed state. has been done.

The evaporator 21 is installed at a lower position than each of the condensers 23, and the refrigerant whose phase has been changed from vapor to liquid by condensation in each of the condensers 23 flows down and returns to the evaporator 21. At the same time, the refrigerant whose phase has changed from liquid to vapor due to heat exchange in the evaporator 21 rises and flows into the condenser 23.
... A head difference sufficient to supply each is provided, and during heating operation, the refrigerant is naturally circulated between the evaporator 21 and the condenser 23 due to the phase change between vapor and liquid. is configured to do so.

Freon gas R-22 is used as the refrigerant. This has the advantage of not causing earthquakes that deplete the ozone layer because it contains hydrogen and chlorine and decomposes in the troposphere.

The lower part of the liquid receiver 25 and the Akie emulator 26 are connected via the first pipe 33, and the lower part of the Akie emulator 26 and the refrigerant liquid inlet side of the refrigerant liquid pipe 29 to the evaporator 21 are connected to the second pipe. The refrigerant vapor pipe 27. is connected in communication through the refrigerant vapor pipe 27.
27a... is extremely cooled, and even if a large amount of refrigerant liquid is ordered due to condensation and liquefaction in the refrigerant vapor piping 27 and 27a... at the start of operation, the refrigerant liquid will not flow from the liquid receiver 25 to the accumulator 26. , the refrigerant liquid and refrigerant vapor are separated in the accumulator 26 to more reliably prevent the refrigerant liquid from flowing down to the evaporator 21, and even when the outside air temperature is low, the refrigerant vapor is smoothly transferred to the condenser 23... It is configured so that the individual air conditioners 24... can quickly start up heating to provide comfortable heating.

At the exit point from each of the condensers 23 of the refrigerant liquid piping 29b, a magnetic on-off valve 35 is installed to stop the outflow of the refrigerant liquid.
is provided.

A room corresponding to the individual air conditioner 24 is provided with a room temperature sensor 35a for measuring the temperature in the room, a room temperature control device 35b is connected to the room temperature sensor 35a, and an electromagnetic on-off valve 35 is connected to the room temperature control device 35b. The electromagnetic on-off valve 35 is connected to the room temperature sensor 35a and is configured to automatically open and close so as to maintain the indoor temperature measured by the room temperature sensor 35a within a set range.

<Effects of the Invention> According to the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention of claim (1), the amount of refrigerant flowing in each of the individual refrigerant liquid pipes and refrigerant vapor pipes is small, and the amount of refrigerant is small. Even if a leak occurs, the refrigerant in the individual leaked refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping will immediately leak out, but even if refrigerant from other systems tries to bypass the main liquid header or main steam header. As a result, the overall amount of leakage is reduced, making it possible to reliably avoid major accidents such as oxygen deficiency.

Furthermore, since the amount of refrigerant flowing through the pipes is small and the pressure applied to the evaporator can be reduced, mild steel pipes, commonly called tempered steel pipes, can be used for the individual refrigerant liquid pipes and refrigerant vapor pipes. becomes 20
The joints are no longer required, and the pressure resistance of the seal structure of the joints is low, and the number of joints is small, making it difficult for leaks to occur at the joints, further improving safety. Piping connection work can now be done easily and inexpensively, improving workability.

Further, according to the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention in claim (2), as in the case of the refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system according to the invention in claim (+),
The amount of refrigerant flowing through each individual refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping is small, and even if a refrigerant leak occurs, the overall leakage amount will be small, ensuring that it will not lead to major accidents such as oxygen deficiency. can be avoided.

In addition, it has become possible to use mild steel pipes, generally known as annealed copper pipes, for individual refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping, which reduces the number of joints and reduces leakage from joints. This not only makes it possible to further improve safety, but also makes it possible to connect piping at low cost and easily, improving workability.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of a refrigerant natural circulation type air conditioning system according to the present invention, FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a refrigerant natural circulation type cooling system, and FIG. 2 shows a refrigerant natural circulation type air conditioning system. FIG. 1 is an overall system configuration diagram showing an example of a heating system. 1...Condenser 3 serving as the heat source side...1 generator 7 serving as the user side...Refrigerant liquid piping 7a...Individual refrigerant liquid piping 8...Main liquid header 9...Refrigerant vapor Piping 9a...Individual refrigerant vapor piping 10...Main steam header 11...Terminal side liquid header 12...Terminal side steam header 21...Evaporator 23 serving as the heat source side...Using side Condenser 27...Refrigerant vapor piping 27a...Individual refrigerant vapor piping 2 days...Main steam header 29...Refrigerant liquid piping 29a...Individual refrigerant liquid piping 30...Main liquid hender 31...Terminal side liquid header 32...Terminal side steam header

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Each floor is provided with an evaporator that serves as the user side, and the condenser that serves as the heat source and the evaporator are connected in communication via refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping, and the condenser and evaporator are connected to each other via refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping. The refrigerant is configured to circulate and flow in a sealed state across the refrigerant liquid piping and the refrigerant vapor piping, and the refrigerant changes phase into liquid and vapor as heat is exchanged in the condenser and evaporator, respectively. In an air conditioning system that uses a refrigerant and has a head difference sufficient to naturally circulate the refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator, a main liquid header and a main steam header are installed near the condenser. At the same time, each floor is equipped with a terminal side liquid header and a terminal side steam header that are connected to the evaporator.
The main liquid header and the terminal-side liquid header are each connected to each other via separate refrigerant liquid piping, and the main steam header and each of the terminal-side steam header are connected to each other through separate refrigerant vapor piping. A refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system. (2) Each floor is provided with a condenser that serves as the user side, and the evaporator that serves as the heat source and the condenser are connected in communication via refrigerant liquid piping and refrigerant vapor piping, and the evaporator and condenser are The refrigerant is configured to circulate and flow in a sealed state across the refrigerant liquid piping and the refrigerant vapor piping, and the refrigerant changes phase into liquid and vapor as heat is exchanged in the evaporator and condenser, respectively. In an air conditioning system that uses a refrigerant and has a head difference sufficient to naturally circulate the refrigerant between the condenser and the evaporator, a main liquid header and a main steam header are installed near the evaporator. In addition, each floor is equipped with a terminal side liquid header and a terminal side steam header that are connected to the condenser.
The main liquid header and the terminal-side liquid header are each connected to each other via separate refrigerant liquid piping, and the main steam header and each of the terminal-side steam header are connected to each other through separate refrigerant vapor piping. A refrigerant natural circulation air conditioning system.