JPH03223388A - Soil conditioning material and its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To realize the acceleration of germination, rooting, and growth of useful plants by removing a carbonyl group component, wood tar, and methyl alcohol from a crude pyroligneous acid. CONSTITUTION:Wooden material is carbonized to generate a dry distillation gas, from which the dry distillation gas of 90-150 deg.C is collected and spontaneously cooled to liquefy, giving a crude pyroligneous acid. This acid is passed through a filter layer comprising, e.g. charcoal or zeolite to remove impurities. The primary purified pyroligneous acid thus obtained is put in an oxidative polymerization tank, into which air is blown for 3 to 6 months to allow wood tar and unsaturated impurities to undergo oxidative polymerization to precipitate as a chemically stable tarry substance. The pyroligneous acid is then filtered to remove the precipitate and passed through a filter layer comprising, e.g. charcoal or zeolite to completely remove the impurities generated during the oxidative polymerization, thus giving a material for raising sound seedling, composed mainly of purified pyroligneous acid.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention mainly relates to a soil improvement material produced from pyroligneous vinegar obtained by a charcoal kiln method, and a method for producing the soil improvement material.

[Prior art] The usefulness of wood vinegar, which is obtained by cooling the flue gas during charcoal production, has been handed down in many fields since ancient times.
In recent years, various techniques using this wood vinegar have been developed and researched. In the field of agriculture, where soil deterioration is a problem due to chemical fertilizers, a material containing pyroligneous vinegar as the main ingredient has been proposed as a material for promoting or preserving plant growth.

For example, JP-A No. 52-102165 describes a germination and rooting promoter for useful plants containing wood vinegar as an active ingredient.
No. 9030 discloses an agent for preventing cold damage to rice that uses wood vinegar as an active ingredient, and JP-A-55-87710 discloses an agent that prevents deterioration of rice seedling quality that uses wood vinegar as an active ingredient. .

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the above-mentioned conventional technology has the following problems.

In other words, if normal wood vinegar is used as is, 2.
In fact, we are seeing situations in which the growth of plants is actually inhibited.

Therefore, the present inventor conducted the following experiment, assuming that there are components of pyroligneous vinegar that promote plant growth and inhibit growth.

First, pyroligneous vinegar was subjected to the 5-fraction method at the Forestry Agency's Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, and was separated into the following 5 groups.

(1) Base component methylamine, dimethylamine, pyridine (2) Phenol group component 2-methoxy-4-cresol, 0-1MP-cresol, 2.4-3.5-xylenol, 4-ethylphenol, 4 -propylphenol, 4-vinylphenol,
Quaiacol creosole, 4-vinylguaiacol, 4-provilquaiacol, syringol, methylsyringol, ethylsyringol, catechol, (3) carbonyl group component formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural,
Methylfurfural, 5-hydroquine methylfurfural.

(4) Neutral components methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, alkyl alcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, quidylol, cumol, thymol.

(5) Acidic components acetic acid, propionic acid, isoacetic acid, acetic acid, isocaproic acid, valeric acid, crotonic acid, formic acid, isocaproic acid, caproic acid, ticlic acid, enanthic acid.

The effects of the 5 croup samples separated into 5 crops as described above were evaluated on 8 types of vegetables: bekana, lettuce, chrysanthemum, cucumber, green onion, tomato, micha, and eggplant.

Table 1 is bekana, lettuce, shungiku, cucumber, table 2
These are the test results for green onions, tomatoes, honeysuckle, and eggplants. The test methods include a germination test using a 0.1% solution of each component in a hydroponic urethane bed and an indoor experiment using a petri dish.

Table 1 Germinated stock crop owner Ward name 3rd day Hekana Standard 18/20 Base 11/20 Carbonyl 4/20 Acidic +7/20 Neutral I S/20 Phenol In/20 Lettuce Standard 8/20 Base 8/20 Carbonyl 0 /20 Acidic 9/20 Neutral 3/20 Phenol 12/20 Shungik standard l/20 Base 3 no 20 Carbonyl 1/20 Acidic 10/20 Neutral 10/20 5th day 1B/20 12/20 4/20 17/20 16/20 13/20 17/20 19/20 0/20 20/20 20/20 19/20 14/20 1[l/20 0/20 18/20 14/20 100th day 8/20 17/20 0/20 17/20 18/20 13/20 +8/20 19/20 1/20 20/20 20/20 20/20 +9/20 17/20 1/2Ω 17/20 16/20 Phenol cucumber Standard base carbonyl acidic neutral phenol 2/20 0/20 9/20 5/20 14/20 1:l/20 11/20 +2/20 16/20 17/20 8/20 17/20 1 S/20 +5 /20 +3/20 17/20 19/20 11/20 20/20 15/20 17/20 Number of buds released Crop name Classification IO day 13th day Gi standard base carbonyl acidic neutral phenol 3/20 10/ 20 5/20 17/20 16/20 17/20 15 days l 23 days l 3/20 In/20 2/20 17/20 17/20 20/20 Tomato standard 1/20 2/20 Base carbonyl acidic neutral Phenolco/20 5/20 10/20 7/20 9/20 3/20 120 13/20 7/20 11/20 Mitsuba standard base carbonyl acidic neutral phenol 0/20 0/20 0/20 3/20 0 /20 120 1/20 0/20 0.5/20 3/20 0/20 0.8/20 Standard base carbonyl acidic neutral phenol 2/20 5/20 0/20 16/20 11/20 12/20 +8/20 Is/20 3/20 19/20 20/20 17/20 19/20 19/20 3/20 18/20 20/20 19/20 In the classification, the standard is the result of the above experiment where wood vinegar is not applied. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, there are significant differences between the standard category and other categories. In particular, the carbonyl group classification had extremely poor germination results for all vegetables, indicating that it was a factor inhibiting germination. It may be difficult to make a sudden judgment regarding other categories, but acidic components generally show good results.

For this reason, experiments as shown in Tables 3 and 4 below were conducted. This experiment was conducted in a 100 ml Erlenmeyer flask filled with 0.1% culture solution for each component.

Table 3 (Three plant average growth survey) A: Plant height B: Longest plate cucumber Tomato Bekana BABAB Standard area 15.7 23.8 17.8 20.7 25.5 Basicity 18.8 24.8 22.8 21. 8 18.3 Acidic area Neutral area Phenol area 22.0 29.8 24.2 19.3 21.7 27.0 22. Ko 20.319.3
2 pieces, 5 19.2 20.017.8 21.8 24.8 Lettuce Shungiku Eggplant Green onion B BB B Standard section 16.7 Basic section 18.2 Acidic section 19.5 Neutral section 19.3 Pheno 21. 0 Ichiru Ward 19.0 11.7 22.5 20.0 16.5 14.8 10.2 17.3 16.8 15.8 15.8 13.0 13.8 18.2 16.0 Table 4 (Results of Neju Lecture) A. Dry weight 57 plants B Two-index crop Eggplant AB A B Shungiku AB Ward name Standard area 0.2017 Acidic area 0.1494 Neutral area 0.1747 Basic area 0.2249 Pheno 0.15 Ko4 Ichiru Ward 100 0.215 100 74 0.3441 160 87 0.349+ 162 112 [1,Ia43 85 75 0.2049 95 0.1853 0.1373 0.1402 0.1508 0.1472 Left to Crop 1 Ward name Standard Ward Acidic Ward Neutral Ward Basic Ward Phenol Ward B 0.2341 100 0.4+9 179 0.4732202 0.43ko8185 0.4279 18 Colleta Cucumber 0, 265 +00 0.66280, 5091
1 +92 0.7050, 4417 +67
0.718901927 148 0, 7350
0,3073 116 0.6016 Crop tomato plot name Standard plot 0.377 Acidic plot 0.4958 Neutral plot 0.4680 Basic plot 0.5198 Pheno 01455 From these results, it can be seen that any component other than the carbonyl group is There was no decisive difference in whether the acidic component was effective or not, and it can be concluded that the effect of the acidic component is generally good as in the above test.

[Summary of the Invention] This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and involves removing carbonyl group components, wood tar, and methyl alcohol from crude wood vinegar obtained from carbonized gas generated when carbonizing wood materials. A soil improvement material whose main ingredient is purified wood vinegar.

stomach. A process in which wood is carbonized to generate carbonized gas, and of the generated carbonized gas, the carbonized gas at 90°C to 150°C is collected, cooled, and liquefied to produce crude wood vinegar.

Eight. A step of purifying the crude wood vinegar by passing it through four layers of filtration such as zeolite and charcoal.

two. The wood vinegar solution obtained in step C above is oxidized in an oxidation polymerization tank, and the wood tar, unsaturated impurities, etc. contained in this wood vinegar solution are oxidized and polymerized to solidify, and this is separated to produce purified wood vinegar as the main component. The present invention aims to provide a safe and effective means for promoting the growth of plants, particularly useful plants, by providing a process for obtaining a soil improvement material comprising the following steps.

[Embodiments of the Invention] Next, embodiments of the invention according to claims 1 and 2 will be described together.

In this example, the pyroligneous acid solution is produced using a charcoal manufacturing process, that is, a charcoal kiln method, but it is of course not limited to this. However, if you consider cost and other points,
Obtaining wood vinegar during charcoal production is the best method.

a. First, when selecting logs, it is preferable to use broad-leaved trees such as beech, oak, oak, oak, shirakaba, and wild cherry. In the case of coniferous trees, the pyroligneous acid solution contains a large amount of oil and fat, which adheres to hair roots in the soil, making it unsuitable as a soil improvement material.

b. The selected raw wood is carbonized in a charcoal kiln.

C. Install a thermometer near the smoke outlet of the charcoal kiln and set the temperature to 90-150℃.
Collects smoke. This is to prevent the contamination of carbonyl compounds, which have a low boiling point below 90°C, and methyl alcohol, which is generally highly harmful. Furthermore, if the temperature exceeds 150°C, wood tar will be mixed in, which inhibits its function as a soil improvement material.

To collect smoke, measure the temperature at the smoke exhaust port, and for example, if the smoke temperature is 90
When the temperature reaches ℃, a hood-like device equipped with a smoke exhaust duct is installed at the smoke exhaust port, and the exhaust smoke is guided into the duct and liquefied by natural cooling to obtain crude wood vinegar solution.

In addition, to measure the temperature of flue gas, is it advisable to install a thermometer as described above? Judging from the state of the smoke, it is a rule of thumb to determine whether it is smoke or not.
Since it is easy to know when the temperature has reached 0°C to 150°C, exhaust smoke may be collected using such a rule of thumb.

C1 The crude wood vinegar solution obtained above is passed through a filtration layer of charcoal, zeolite, etc. to remove impurities and obtain a first purified ice vinegar solution. d. Put the crude wood vinegar obtained in the above process into an oxidation polymerization tank,
Oxidize by blowing air etc. for 3 to 6 months. In this step, wood tar and unsaturated impurities in the solution are precipitated as tar-like chemically stable substances through oxidative polymerization.

e. The solution from which the precipitate was removed in step d is again passed through a filtration tank made of charcoal, zeolite, etc. to completely remove impurities generated during oxidative polymerization to obtain a second purified vinegar solution.

The results of the component analysis of this final purified wood vinegar by the Forestry Agency's Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute are as follows.

Phenolic component (9.86% of total) 2-methoxy-
4-7-Cresol P-1M-Cresol, unknown carbonyl component (1.98% of the total) Furfural neutral component (2.56% of the total) Cyclotene, acetone acidic component (85.56% of the total) Acetic acid, Propionic acid, butyric acid, crotonic acid, 2-pentenoic acid As can be seen from the analysis results, there is a small amount of furfural, a carbonyl component, remaining in the final purified wood vinegar, and it would be very costly to completely remove it. Not only will the amount increase, but other active ingredients in the solution will also be removed.

However, the following experiment revealed that this level of residual furfural does not inhibit plant growth.

In the experiment shown in Table 5 below, 20 plants of each vegetable were sown using a urethane mat for raising seedlings, and the germination status was investigated.

Table 5 (Germination test for different vegetables using 0°5% purified wood vinegar) Number of germination of cucumber and cypress matsuna Germination rate Germination rate Number of germination Germination rate Standard 10 plants O1 7 plants 5z 7 plants 35! Sub-area application 14 oz 1 5 z 17 5 z Kokabu cabbage Eggplant shungiku Germination number Number rate Number rate Number rate Standard 20 100! 12 pieces 6oz 7 pieces 35! 9 pieces 45z Semi-application 19 pieces 5z 19 pieces 95! 9 pieces 45! 8 pieces 4 oz As a conclusion of the above germination test, overwhelmingly better results were found for cucumbers, Chinese cabbage, Japanese cabbage, and cabbage when the soil improvement material (purified wood vinegar solution) according to the present invention was used. Other than these, it is judged that there is no superiority difference for kokabu, eggplant, and shungiku.

The following Table 6 shows the results of a growth test using purified wood vinegar according to the present invention.

In this test, powdered charcoal adsorbed with purified vinegar solution was used by irrigating the soil, and the application amount was equivalent to 0.1% solution.

Table 6 (Growth test by vegetable) A: Plant height B: Number of flowering plants C Number of leaves Cucumber (30 days after planting) Melon (12 days after planting) AB AC Standard plot 114.0 7/8 107 18
．． 4 Wood vinegar 144.4 7/8 28 20.8 Application area Tomato (35 days) C Standard area 1213 19.2 Wood vinegar 131.9 18.9 Application area test results show that it is effective on cucumbers, melons, tomatoes, etc. It becomes clear that he is angry.

Further, the following Table 7 is a table showing the results of a tomato yield investigation test.

Table 7 (Tomato yield survey test) Semi-area wood vinegar solution 1st fruit bunch 2nd fruit bunch Number of fruit bunches Weight (1 number Weight 14 1820 8 1170 6 1275 8 2085 Application area 3rd fruit bunch 4th fruit bunch Total number of pieces Weight number of pieces Weight number of pieces Weight standard area 9 1800 4 1070 5 860 Wood vinegar 2 270 130 5 760 Application area From this test, it was found that a 32.4% increase in yield was observed.

[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, the present invention provides a soil improvement material that is extremely effective in promoting germination, rooting, and growth of agricultural plants without exhausting or contaminating the soil.

Procedural amendment (414-P) March 8, 1990 1.Display of the incident 1990 Special Note No. 20156 2. Name of the invention Healthy seedling cultivation materials and their manufacturing method 3. Person who makes corrections Relationship with the incident

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A soil improvement material whose main component is purified wood vinegar obtained by removing carbonyl group components, wood tar, and methyl alcohol from crude wood vinegar obtained from the carbonized gas generated during carbonization of woody materials. (2) A. A step of carbonizing wood to generate carbonized gas. B. Of the generated carbonized gas, the carbonized gas at 90°C to 150°C is collected and cooled to liquefy to obtain crude wood vinegar solution. Step C. A step of purifying the crude wood vinegar by passing it through a filtration layer of zeolite, charcoal, etc.; D. Oxidizing the wood vinegar obtained in step C in an oxidation polymerization tank, and adding A method for producing a soil improvement material comprising the above-mentioned steps: a step of oxidatively polymerizing the wood tar, unsaturated impurities, etc. contained in the wood to solidify it, and separating it to obtain a soil improvement material containing purified wood vinegar as a main component.