JPH03220343A - Tri-dimensional multiaxial woven fabric structure and loom for weaving the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prepare the subject structure having excellent isotropy and an arbitrary thickness by constituting warps for element webs forming respective layers into two groups crossing at an arbitrary angle for each element web and holding wefts, the warps and vertical fibers. CONSTITUTION:Warps x are crossed at an arbitrary angle for each element web w1, w2...wn, and vertical fibers z, z... are inserted into the webs on the sides of wefts y, y... so as to cross with the picked wefts y and the warps x, thereby permitting to sef the directions of the warps at random directions and to provide a tri-dimensional nuiltiaxially woven fabric structure w having an arbitrary thickness and scarcely causing the interlaminar delamination of the web, etc., by increasing the number of the laminated element webs.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a three-dimensional multiaxial woven structure useful as a constituent material of a fiber-reinforced composite material having a matrix of resin, inorganic material, etc., and a loom for weaving the same. .

Prior Art Three-dimensional textiles have vertical systems in addition to warp and weft threads, and are three-dimensionally woven textile structures that can be used on their own, as high-performance shock absorbers or filters, or as resins.・By solidifying ceramics, metals, carbon materials, etc. as a matrix, it is possible to create lightweight, high-strength fiber-reinforced composite materials.

When used for the latter purpose, strong fibers for industrial materials such as carbon fiber, aramid fiber, silicon carbide fiber, strong polyethylene, and glass fiber are used as the fiber material.

Various structures have been proposed for three-dimensional textiles (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-4145,
4-159489). The former is a so-called three-dimensional orthogonally textured fabric in which wefts and vertical lines are alternately inserted between each row and between each column of a large number of warps arranged in an orthogonal matrix.

In addition, the latter has a large number of warp threads arranged in an orthogonal matrix, and between each row, weft threads that intersect obliquely in opposite directions are arranged, and furthermore, vertical threads are arranged diagonally through each row of warp threads. , this vertical system may be of multiple types with different oblique angles.

On the other hand, such a three-dimensional fabric in which the warp direction is changed for each row is a so-called three-dimensional multiaxial fabric, which can exhibit excellent strength against stress from multiple directions, etc. Composite materials with excellent orientation can be made. A woven structure with such a structure is, for example, a multi-axial knitted fabric made by a R32DS type ratchet machine manufactured by Karl Mayer of West Germany.
ine-weft warp knittedfa
brics) is known. This fabric has four layers of warp threads running in four directions and weft threads that intersect with the warp threads, which are alternately stacked in four layers to form a tangled structure that penetrates these layers in a vertical system.

The problem to be solved by the invention is that among these conventional techniques, the former two, which belong to simple three-dimensional fabrics, have the disadvantage of poor isotropy because the direction of the warp is specified. be. In addition, since the vertical structure of Karl Mayer's fabric is essentially a knitted structure, it is difficult to use rigid yarns such as carbon fiber as the vertical structure, and the number of layers stacked in the vertical direction is difficult to use. There are limitations, and it is difficult to form a three-dimensional structure with a large thickness. Therefore, when trying to obtain a composite material with a desired thickness, it is necessary to laminate and bond a large number of woven structures with different warp directions. The problem of easy occurrence of such problems was unavoidable.

Therefore, in view of the problems of the prior art, the object of the present invention is that the warps of the element cloths forming each layer are composed of two groups that intersect at arbitrary angles for each element cloth, and that the warp threads are arranged perpendicularly to the weft threads. By ensuring that the
An object of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional multiaxial fabric structure that has excellent isotropy and can realize an arbitrary thickness, and a loom for weaving the same.

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the object, the first invention according to this application has a plurality of laminated element cloths, warps and wefts of all the element cloths intersect, and the weft yarns intersect with each other. The warp yarns are composed of two groups that intersect at arbitrary crossing angles for each element cloth, and the gist thereof is to maintain the weft yarns and the vertical yarns.

Note that the weft yarns may alternately intersect with the warp yarns of the element cloth to which the weft yarns belong.

The configuration of the second invention includes a plurality of warp moving mechanisms that move the warp divided into two groups in parallel in opposite directions along the fabric, and a weft insertion mechanism between the warp divided into a plurality of layers by the warp moving mechanism. The gist thereof is to include a weft inserting mechanism and a vertical thread inserting mechanism for driving the weft inserted by the weft inserting mechanism into the woven fabric and inserting a vertical system before and after the weft.

Effect When according to the configuration of the first invention, the warps of each element cloth are divided into two groups that intersect at an arbitrary crossing angle for each element cloth, and by intersecting in this way, the weft and vertical systems are maintained in sequence. Therefore, by appropriately setting the intersection angle of the warp threads, good isotropy can be achieved.

If the weft threads do not simply intersect with the warp threads, but also intertwine with each other, the warp threads and weft threads form a type of warm weaving structure, which improves the overall shape retention. This can be further improved.

When according to the configuration of the second invention, the plurality of warp moving mechanisms are
The warp threads of each element cloth are divided into two groups corresponding to each element cloth, and these are translated parallel to each other in the opposite direction along the fabric, so the amount of parallel movement (hereinafter referred to as movement pitch)
By individually setting , it is possible to realize any intersection angle for each element cloth. On the other hand, the weft insertion mechanism inserts the weft between the warp layers, and the vertical thread insertion mechanism inserts the vertical system before and after the weft, so the weft at this time is
Restricted through the front and rear vertical system by crossed warp threads,
It will be kept stable. Therefore, this allows continuous weaving of the three-dimensional multiaxial textile structure according to the first invention.

Example Examples will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A three-dimensional multi-axis textile loom has multiple warp movement mechanisms 10.10
..., a weft insertion mechanism 20, and a vertical thread insertion mechanism 30 (FIGS. 1 and 2).

The warp moving mechanisms 10, 10... are stacked in n stages in the vertical direction at the rear of the fabric front F, and each of the warp thread moving mechanisms 10, 10... is an endless thread moving mechanism that moves intermittently on a flat circular orbit up and down. The main components are a chain 11 and a large number of guide pipes 12, 12, etc. attached to the chain 11 at equal pitches (FIGS. 3 and 4). The guide pipes 12, 12... are the link plates lla, lla, ll of the chain 11.
The chain 11 also serves as a connecting pin that connects b and llb.
It is attached long and protrudingly on both sides, and inside it,
One warp thread X is inserted through each thread. The chain 11 is slidably wound around a plate-shaped guide member 13, and is driven by a drive chain 14a and a sprocket 14 by a drive source 14 having a built-in intermittent drive mechanism such as a Geneva mechanism.
b, it can be driven intermittently in one direction at a predetermined movement pitch (in the direction of arrow KIO in FIG. 3). A suitable guide brocket is placed around the outer circumference of the chain 11.
c, 11C... are arranged.

The weft insertion mechanism 20 includes a plurality of horizontally long rapier needles 2L 21... and rapier needles 21, 21, and 21.
... (the first
figure). The rapier holder 22 is, for example, a swing lever 23
By means of a Scott-Russell mechanism consisting of an intermediate lever 24 and an intermediate lever 24, it is possible to reciprocate in the horizontal direction (direction 22 indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5). However, the middle point of the intermediate lever 24 is connected to the tip of the swinging lever 23, one end is restrained to be movable only in the vertical direction, and the other end is connected to the rapier holder 22 via the connecting rod 24a. ing.

Further, the swing lever 23 has a length of 1/'2 of the intermediate lever 24.

The rotation axis 23a, which is the center of the swing of the swing lever 23, is located on a vertical plane V that is common to the vertical plane in which one end of the intermediate lever 24 is movable.
It is assumed that the device is disposed inside the device and is rotated within a predetermined angular range in 23 directions indicated by the arrow in the figure by a drive source (not shown).

The rapier needles 21,21...
Warp XSX divided into multiple layers by 0.10...
In between, weft threads y, y, etc. can be inserted (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Also, rapier needle 21.21...
A shuttle mechanism 25 is disposed on the opposite side of the weft insertion side on the extension line. The shirttle mechanism 25 can insert the selvage yarn k into the loop of the weft yarns y, y, .

The vertical thread insertion mechanism 30 is connected to the fabric front F and the warp moving mechanism 10.1.
Vertical needles 31, 31, etc. are disposed between the warp threads X, X, and so on for inserting the vertical systems z, z, and so on from below to above. (Second
Fig. 6).

The vertical needles 31, 31... are engaged with a connecting rod 31b that mounts the carts 31a, 31a on the lifting plate 32 and connects the carts 31a, 31a.

Elongated holes 32a, 32a... for guides are formed in the elevating plate 32, and the lower ends of the vertical needles 31.31... engage with each other, and the vertical needles 31.31... , 31a move back and forth on the elevating plate 32, they can move back and forth along the elongated holes 32a, 32a... (31°K31... direction to the arrow in Fig. 6).
. However, the long holes 32a, 32a... are arranged in a fan shape, almost matching the drawing angle in the horizontal plane of the warp threads X, X... from the warp moving mechanism 10, 10... to the fabric F. ing. Moreover, compression springs 31c, 31c, . . . are attached to the connecting rod 31b in order to make the relative spacing between the vertical needles 3L, 31, . . . variable.

Above the elevating plate 32, a guide plate 33 is provided in parallel with the elevating plate 32.
is the provision. The guide plate 33 is assembled integrally with the elevating plate 32, and the elongated holes 32a, 32a of the elevating plate 32
It is assumed that elongated holes 33a, 33a, . . . corresponding to . . . are formed (Fig. 1). Vertical needle 31.31
... is the guide plate 3 via the elongated hole 33a133a...
It passes through 3 from top to bottom.

The carts 31a, 31a have crank rods 34a134a
(Fig. 2, Fig. 6), and by rotating the rotating ring 34, it is possible to drive the elevating plate 32 in the front and back direction (as shown by the arrow in Fig. 2). to 31
direction). The rotating wheel 34 is connected to a rotating shaft 36 via a chain 34b. However, it is assumed that the rotating wheel 34 and the chain 34b are connected via an electromagnetic clutch (not shown), and therefore, the rotating wheel 34 can be rotated at any time by connecting and disconnecting this electromagnetic clutch. It can be driven only by the amount.

The elevating plate 32 is driven in the vertical direction by the plate cam 35 via the connecting rod 32b1 swing lever 35a (second
32 directions as indicated by the arrow in the figure). The plate cam 35 is a chain 35b
An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is also interposed between the plate cam 35 and the chain 35b.

Therefore, by driving the rotary wheel 34 to move the carts 31a, 31a back and forth, the vertical needles 31, 31, . . . , the rapier needles 21, 21, . It is possible to move back and forth from a retreat position (solid line in FIG. 2) corresponding to the middle between ... to a forward position (double-dashed line in the figure) corresponding to cloth front F. Furthermore, by rotationally driving the plate cam 35 to raise and lower the elevating plate 32 and the guide plate 33, the vertical needles 31, 31...
A rising position that passes through all the warp threads x, x... up and down (
(solid line in the figure) and a lowered position (double-dashed line in the figure) in which the warp threads xSX... are retracted downward. Further, the timing of each movement of forward movement, backward movement, upward movement, and downward movement can be arbitrarily determined by appropriately selecting the driving timing of the rotary wheel 34 and the plate cam 35 using an electromagnetic clutch.

The warp threads X, X... are supplied from the bobbin XSx... (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The bobbins X, X... have the same number of circulating creels 15.1 as the warp moving mechanisms 10.
5... are divided into the same number of guide pipes 12, 12, and so on of the warp moving mechanism 10, respectively. The circumferential creels 15, 15... are arranged inclined toward the fabric F, and the warp moving mechanisms 10, 10...
In synchronization with the intermittent movement, move the bobbin XSX in the same direction.
... can be transported. Therefore, the warp x, x・
... are vertically divided into a plurality of layers and supplied to the fabric F by the warp moving mechanism 10.10... and the circumferential creel 15.15..., and the warp moving mechanism 1
Even if 0.10... rotates around, there is no risk of them being twisted together.

On the other hand, the warp moving mechanisms 10, 10..., by inserting the warps X, Warp threads X,
... can be divided into two groups, upper and lower (Figs. 3 and 4).
figure). In addition, the two groups of warp threads x, x・
... can be made to intersect at any intersecting angle specific to the layer to which it belongs by changing the intermittent movement pitch of the warp movement mechanism 10.

Weft yarns y, y... are supplied from yarn feeders Y, Y... (Fig. 1), and are fed by rapier needles 21, 21...
Above the warps x, x... of the top layer and the warps X, X of each layer
...It is possible to insert the weft at the same time between the
Figure 2). The weft yarn y is conveyed by each rapier needle 21 by being inserted into the mail 21a at the tip thereof.

Similarly, the vertical systems z, z, .
31... are inserted at the same time. The vertical system 2 includes a mail 3 formed at the tip and middle part of the vertical needle 31.
1d and 31d, and is inserted between all horizontally adjacent warp threads x and x.

Nip rollers PR and FR are disposed in front of the fabric front F, and can pull out the woven three-dimensional multiaxial fabric structure W forward (in the direction of the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2).

The operation of such a three-dimensional multi-axis textile loom is as follows (FIG. 7).

First, the vertical needles 31, 31 and 31 of the vertical thread insertion mechanism 30
... is raised and retreated ((A) in the same figure), and the weft threads y, y... are inserted in front of it by the weft insertion mechanism 20, while the warp moving mechanisms 10, 10... are moved at a predetermined pitch. The two groups of warps X, X, belonging to each layer are operated by
Cross and wait. However, in the same figure, warp XSX
... shows only two threads belonging to each group for each layer, only one of each of the vertical system 2 and the vertical needle 31 is shown, and the weft threads y, y... are shown in their cross sections. It is illustrated.

Further, the intersection of warp threads x and x belonging to each layer is indicated by X.

It is assumed that each weft yarn y is folded back in a loop on the opposite weft insertion side and reciprocated, and on the opposite weft insertion side, it is secured by inserting the selvage thread k into the loop. (Figure 1). The vertical system 2 continues obliquely from the bottom of the fabric front F to the tip of the vertical needle 31 in the raised position.

In this state, when the vertical needle 31 is advanced (Fig. 7(B)), the weft yarns y, y... are driven into the fabric F, and the warp yarns x, x... belonging to each layer and the weft yarns y1y,... ... intersect with each other, and one element cloth Wi (i-=1.2...n1n is the number of warp moving mechanisms 10, 10...) for each layer of warp xSx... can be formed.

Further, the vertical system 2 is moved back in the force direction of the arrow Kz in the figure by a tension adjustment mechanism (not shown) to absorb the loosening caused by the forward movement of the vertical needle 31.

Next, the vertical needle 31 is lowered and the warp threads X, X...
・Pull it out downward ((C) in the same figure). The vertical system 2 is fixed by engaging in a loop shape with the upper weft yarns y, y of the uppermost element cloth W1.

Subsequently, the warp moving mechanisms 10, 10... are activated ((D) in the same figure). The warp moving mechanisms 10, 10... drive the respective chains 11 by a predetermined movement pitch to move the two groups of warps x, The vertical system 2 can be fixed by moving it in parallel and intersecting the warp threads x, x. here,
The warp moving mechanisms 1G, 10..., for each element cloth Wi,
It is assumed that the movement pitch of the chain 11 is set, and therefore, the warp xSx of each element cloth Wi is
Each will intersect at a unique intersection angle.

Next, the vertical needle 31 is retreated ((E) in the same figure).
, raise it ((F) in the same figure). Here, vertical needle 3
1 shall be inserted between the warps X, X of each element cloth Wi, and therefore, the vertical system 2 inserted by the vertical needle 31 is also inserted between the warps X, Moreover, it passes through all the warp threads XSX... vertically. In addition, the vertical system 2 is the fabric front F of the element cloth Wn on the bottom surface.
It continues diagonally from the portion corresponding to the vertical needle 31 to the tip of the vertical needle 31. However, by driving the nip rollers FR and PR, the fabric F is assumed to move forward by an appropriate feed amount, for example, between (A) and (F) in FIG. 7.

Next, the weft threads y, y, . . . are inserted by the weft insertion mechanism 20 ((A) in the same figure). The weft yarns y, y... are inserted in front of the vertical needle 31 in the retracted position, and when the rapier needles 21, 21... project toward the side opposite to the weft insertion side, the shuttle mechanism 25 is operated. It is locked by the selvage thread k. After that, rapier needle 21.
21... are retreated and pulled out, the two folded wefts ySy are inserted in front of the vertical needles 31 for each element cloth Wi.

Thereafter, by repeating the same steps, a plurality of layered element cloths Wl, W2...W
For n, a vertical system z, z, . ... can be continuously woven into a three-dimensional multiaxial woven structure W (FIGS. 8 and 9). However, here, n
=5, and the weaving direction is indicated by an arrow. In addition, for the element cloths W1 and W5 on the uppermost and lowermost surfaces, the intersection angle θ of the warp threads X, X... is θ'', 90 (degrees),
For the element cloths W2 and W4 in the second row from the top and bottom, θ
``1120 (degrees) -1 For the middle layer element cloth W3, θ = 0 (degrees).In order to set θ-0 (degrees), the operation of the warp moving mechanism 10 corresponding to that layer is required. You can leave it stopped.

Here, the intersection angle θ of the warps XSX... in the element cloth Wi is determined by the movement pitch of the warp moving mechanism 10 corresponding to the element cloth Wi. For example, warp y, y...
・Implant density dy, vertical system Z, interval ciz of Z...
With reference to Fig. 9 (A)), if dy = dz and a moving pitch equal to dz is taken for each weft insertion of the weft yarn y1y..., a crossing angle θζ90 (degrees) can be achieved. , if the movement pitch is larger than this, it is possible to set θ>90 (degrees) ((B) in the same figure). Also, a moving pitch of dz is taken every a weft insertion, or dz is taken every weft insertion.
If we take the movement pitch of z/a (a>1 integer), θ 9
0 (degrees) can be achieved. When dy is smaller than dz, the crossing angle θ becomes larger than this even if the movement pitch of the warp moving mechanism 10 is the same, and when dy > dz, the crossing angle θ can be made smaller.

The intersecting angle θ of the element cloths Wi determined in this manner is completely arbitrary in how they are combined inside one three-dimensional multiaxial textile structure W. Further, the intersection angle θ may be changed continuously or intermittently during weaving for each element cloth Wi. Due to the intersection angle θ, the warps x, x... of the three-dimensional multiaxial woven structure W
・Since the in-plane intensity distribution created by the wefts y, y... changes arbitrarily, according to the present invention, in addition to those with excellent isotropy and uniform characteristics, wefts with appropriate directionality and this It is also possible to continuously manufacture fabrics whose directionality changes in the weaving direction.

Another Embodiment When the weft insertion mechanism 20 inserts the wefts y, y..., each warp moving mechanism 10 has its guide pipe 1
2. By tilting 12... up and down (Figure 10)
, two groups of warp threads x, x may be perpendicularly crossed to form an opening H, and the weft threads y, y may be inserted into this opening H. The weft yarns y and y do not simply intersect with the warp yarn XSX, but also intertwine with each other alternately, making it possible to form a solid element cloth Wi (Fig. 11).
, the overall shape retention can be significantly improved.

In the above explanation, the warp moving mechanism 10.10...,
By appropriately increasing or decreasing the number n of circulating creels 15, 15... and the number of guide pipes 12, 12... of one set of warp moving mechanisms 10, the total number of warps x, x... It can be increased or decreased arbitrarily, and therefore, the three-dimensional multiaxial woven structure W can be woven with any width a and any thickness b (FIG. 1).

Furthermore, the intersection angle θ of the warps xSx... in each element cloth Wi can also be arbitrarily set for each element cloth Wi, as described above.

The weft insertion mechanism 20 inserts the warp yarns X, X, etc. divided into each layer.
It is sufficient to insert the weft yarns y, y, . In addition, at this time, the ear-closing mechanism can be used as appropriate.
By holding the tip of the weft yarn y on the anti-weft insertion side, only one weft yarn y can be inserted for each element fabric Wi at each weft insertion.

Further, the shuttle mechanism 25 for inserting the selvage thread k can also be replaced with a suitable rapier mechanism, fluid jet mechanism, or the like.

As described in detail, according to the first invention of this application,
For multiple element cloths, a vertical system is provided that intersects the warp and weft of each element cloth and is inserted before and after the weft, and the warp intersects at an arbitrary crossing angle for each element cloth to form a vertical system with the weft. By holding the direction of the warp threads, the direction of the warp threads can be determined completely randomly without any restrictions, and therefore, extremely good isotropy can be easily achieved. By increasing the number, there is no particular restriction in the thickness direction, so there is an extremely excellent effect that a strong composite material with no fear of delamination etc. can be made.

According to the second invention, by disposing a plurality of warp moving mechanisms, a weft insertion mechanism, and a vertical thread insertion mechanism and sequentially operating these, three-dimensional multiaxial fabrics of arbitrary dimensions according to the first invention can be fabricated. This has the advantage that the structure can be continuously woven.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 to 9 show examples, Figure 1 is a perspective view of the overall configuration, Figure 2 is a side view of the overall configuration, Figure 3 is an overall configuration diagram of the warp moving mechanism, and Figure 4 is a perspective view of the overall configuration. Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the main parts of the figure, Figure 5 is a drive system diagram of the weft insertion mechanism, Figure 6 is A- of Figure 2.
An enlarged sectional view taken along the line A, FIG. 7 (A) to F) is an explanatory diagram of the operation, and FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional multiaxial textile structure.
Figures 9(A) and (B) are the lines B-B in Figure 8, respectively.
It is a view corresponding to the line C-C. 10 and 11 show other embodiments, FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of the main part corresponding to FIG. 4, and FIG. 11 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 9(B). F... Woven fabric 10... Warp moving mechanism 20... Weft insertion mechanism 30... Vertical thread insertion mechanism

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A plurality of laminated element cloths, and a vertical yarn intersecting the warps and wefts of all the element cloths and inserted before and after the wefts, wherein the warp threads are connected to the element cloths. A three-dimensional multiaxial textile structure comprising two groups intersecting each other at arbitrary intersecting angles for each fabric, and maintaining the weft and perpendicular systems. 2) The three-dimensional multiaxial textile structure according to claim 1, wherein the weft threads alternately intersect with the warp threads of the element cloth to which the weft threads belong. 3) a plurality of warp moving mechanisms that move the warp divided into two groups in parallel in opposite directions along the fabric front; and a weft insertion mechanism that inserts the weft between the warp divided into multiple layers by the warp moving mechanism. A three-dimensional multi-axis textile loom comprising: a vertical thread insertion mechanism that drives the weft inserted by the weft insertion mechanism into the woven fabric front and inserts vertical threads before and after the weft.