JPH03213232A - Thermal neutral guide part - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To reduce variation in size of a work caused by thermal expansion by substantially equalizing an angle between a Y axis and a connection line of a first guide part and an angle between a sliding plane of a second guide part and a connection line between the first and second guide parts, in a tailstock and a guide supporting it to a machine. CONSTITUTION: A finishing machine which is furnished with two guide parts in a direction Z with respect to a floor of the machine, one of the guide part fixed in a direction X and the other not fixed, comprises a guide part 30 fixed in a first X direction which is composed of two guide surfaces 31, 32 positioned at angles mutually. A guide part 34 which is not fixed in a second X direction is provided with a guide surface 36 positioned in parallel with one of both the guide surfaces 31, 32 in the first guide part 30. It is set that an angle α1 of a Y axis to a connection line between a center of a machined object and the prism-shaped guide part 30 fixed in the X direction is equal to an angle α2 between a sliding plane of a second guide member whose angle α1 is not fixed in the X direction and a connection line between the first guide part 30 and the second part 34.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a linear guide section in a processing machine (mainly a lathe), which is configured similarly to a lathe, and along which moving parts are moved by, for example, a drive shaft. This relates to a linear guide section of another processing machine that moves linearly. Both the tailstock and the headstock can move along the machine floor, but for example the cross slide can also move on the carriage.

[Prior art] In order to stably guide a unit to be moved,
Generally, at least two parallel guides are used for moving the unit to be moved in a predetermined direction (for example in one direction of the longitudinal axis of the device), each individual guide having a plurality of guide surfaces. You can prepare.

Not only the unit to be moved, but also the direction in which the guide section is run and the unit to be moved is moved along the guide section may change, but for the sake of simplicity below, we will move along the guide section in one Z direction on the machine floor. Only the movable tailstock will be described. However, this technique for guides can also be applied to guides for guiding headstocks, auxiliary devices or tool supports that can be moved on the floor. During operation of the machine, the unit to be moved (the tailstock in the case of the invention) is expanded by heating, which is caused mostly by mechanical friction within the tailstock, but can also be caused by external forces, and contracts again on cooling. do. Thus, the distance between the center points (so-called centers of rotation) of the workpiece fixed to the tailstock changes. Therefore, the position of the center of rotation relative to the floor of the machine also changes depending on the temperature of the tailstock. Since the motion of the tool processing the workpiece is determined according to a zero point defined inside the machine bed, variations in the dimensional stability of the different finished workpieces are affected by the temperature of the tailstock during the preparation of each workpiece. Occurs depending on. This is because the distance of the rotation center to the tool is also
This is because each temperature changes depending on the temperature of the tailstock.

For hot stretching of a tailstock that can move in one Z direction, one of the two guide parts extending parallel to the guide part of the tailstock is formed as a fixed guide part and used as an unfixed guide part. The possibility of movement arises for the reason that the possibility of movement is considered to be transverse to the longitudinal direction of the guide in the plane defined by both guides (for example in the X direction).For example, if both guides relative to the tailstock If the tailstock is positioned horizontally parallel to each other with respect to the machine floor on which it rests vertically from above, the fixed guide can be configured, for example, as a prismatic guide with two roof-shaped guide surfaces located at an angle to each other. On the other hand, a guide which is not fixed in the During the temperature-dependent elongation of the tailstock, it also rests exactly against the prismatic guide, so that its position relative to the horizontally located guide surface forming the second guide is , due to the temperature expansion of the material of the tailstock between the two guides arranged on the tailstock, it moves slightly away from the prismatic guide.

Summary of the Invention 1 The object of the invention is therefore to create a processing machine in which the unavoidable thermal expansion of the linearly movable parts of the processing machine results in as small a dimensional change as possible in the material to be processed.

During rotational machining, if the center point of the workpiece is displaced in the Y direction (that is, the direction transverse to the bond line between the tip of the tool and the center point of the workpiece), the workpiece relative to the tip of the rotary tool Displacement of the center point results in the smallest diameter change of the processed material. In this case, when the tip of the tool is located on the outer periphery of the workpiece, the displacement of the center point of the workpiece causes a relative movement to the workpiece along a tangent to the workpiece outer circumference, and this tangent and the workpiece outer circumference Due to the small angle between them, a change in the diameter of the workpiece occurs which is much smaller than the basic displacement range of the center point of the workpiece.

Therefore, the psychological table is such that, for example, the displacement of the center point of the processed material defined by the death center supported on the psychological table is always Y.
It must be formed so that it is only possible in one direction, i.e. transversely to the joining line between the tip of the workpiece and the center point of the workpiece. This has not been achieved with the geometries of the psychological tables and the arrangement of the guides for the psychological tables known in the past.

For example, in the case described above, the planar guide of the workpiece center fixed by the psychological table, which extends parallel to and parallel to the prismatic guide, is generally located above and approximately in the center of both guides. If the planar guide is located at the level of the base of the prismatic guide, this means, for example, that the workpiece center point has a smaller distance from the tip of the prismatic guide than from the center of the planar guide. Assuming that a uniform thermal expansion of the Yixin Shentai occurs, it will be further away from both guides, but will be larger in absolute value from the planar guide than from the prismatic guide. This is because, based on the same proportion of distance increase, the absolute distance change from the planar guide is greater than from the prismatic guide due to the greater starting distance from the planar guide.

However, it should be expected that during heating of the psychological table after the machine has been put into operation, i.e. before a stable temperature level is reached, non-uniform temperatures will be reached in different areas of the psychological table. Therefore, the f! The area may be more strongly elongated than in the area between the workpiece center point and the planar guide, so that the workpiece center point is more strongly elongated from the prismatic guide than from the planar guide in absolute value. We will be separated.

In this way, regarding the movement of the center point of the workpiece during elongation based on the temperature of the psychological table, it can be said that this movement includes a component of separation from the guide part in one direction of Y.

In addition, consider whether the moving direction of the center point of the workpiece also includes a component in the X direction, and in some cases, consider the fixation of the psychological table on the prismatic guide with respect to the X-axis with respect to the tip of the tool fixed to the machine floor. It is unpredictable whether there is a positive or negative component in one direction of X that is always measured.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. In other words, the psychological table and the guide section that supports it on the machine,
The angle α1 between the Y-axis and the rotation center and the connecting line of the first guide part fixed in one direction of the prismatic X is the same as the sliding plane of the second guide part not fixed in one direction of the X By configuring the angle α2 to be approximately equal to the angle α2 between the first and second guide portions, the tip of the prismatic first guide portion and the center of rotation can be easily The center of rotation along the bond line moves. The dimensions of these angles α1 and α2 should then be as small as possible and in all cases smaller than 60'. This is because automatic fixation already occurs in this range.

[Embodiment 1] Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described in terms of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 shows a rotationally symmetric workpiece 29 to be processed by rotation.
The center of rotation 40 can be held, for example, by the tip of a center punch supported on a psychological table.

The tip S of the tool 28 engages with the outer periphery of the workpiece 29, and this engages at least in the direction relative to the rotation center 40 (i.e.
can move in one direction). In this case, the center of rotation 40 rotates based on, for example, a change in the temperature of the psychological table! ! 2
8, the position of the workpiece becomes the position shown in the enlarged view of FIG. 1 and especially FIG. The center of rotation 40 is displaced in the Y-force direction (perpendicular to the line of connection between the provisional tip and the center of rotation). Since the dimensions of the displacement range are illustrated to be several tens of times larger than the actual case, this connecting line (i.e., direction X) is defined at either the initial position or the final position of the rotation center 40. It doesn't matter.

As can be seen in the enlarged detailed view of FIG. 2 in the area near the tip S of the rotating shaft 28, the displacement of the rotation center 40 with respect to the displacement range S shows a change in the radius of the workpiece only in the range Δb, and this range is Much smaller than the range. This results in a small angle β between the circumference of the workpiece and the tangent at point S on this circumference, so that:
Δb=bxtanβ Therefore, if the displacement range of the rotation center 40 further includes a component in the X direction in addition to the component in the Y direction, this component in the X direction causes a change in the radius of the workpiece in addition to the range Δb.

In order to explain the geometrical relationship in the prior art, FIG. There is a planar guide located in the joining plane between parts 50 and 54, whereas in guide part 54 there is a prismatic guide. In this figure, a rotating stand 28 is further illustrated, which is fixed to the floor 1 and whose tip S engages the outer periphery of the workpiece 29. In this case, the center of rotation 40 of the workpiece 29 is located approximately in the center between the two guide parts 50 and 54.

Next, when the Shinshindai 29 is extended, it remains unchanged on the guide part 50, while the Shinshindai 29 is moved in the lateral direction (i.e., X
occurs in one direction). Since the Shinshindai 2 generally also extends in height, this causes a displacement of the rotation center 40 approximately in the direction of the arrow 111 and an extension of the connecting line between the tip of the prismatic guide 50 and the rotation center 40. arise. To simplify the explanation, we will refer to the displacement of the rotation center 40 at an appropriate point (i.e., the tip of the prismatic guide 50, the planar guide 5).
4 and the center of rotation 40) are shown as geometric points A, B and C in that order.

In that case, the distance between A and C is indicated by the symbol, whereas the distance between C and 8 is marked with @m.

The guide surface of the planar guide 54 is located at the level of the base of the prismatic guide 50 as shown in FIG. Since it is located, the formula: %Formula%. Both ranges! When the difference in the lengths of and m is extremely small, when the Shinshindai 2 is extended in a substantially --like manner, as described above (based on the fixation of the Shinshindai 2), the point C moves approximately in the direction of the arrow 111.

FIG. 4 shows a drawing similar to FIG. 3, where point A indicates the tip of the prismatic guide 50, B indicates the center of the planar guide 54, and C indicates the workpiece (no longer shown). ), that is, the center of rotation 40 is shown. However, in FIG. 4, the center of rotation 40 (i.e. point C)
The position of is selected directly above the prismatic guide 50. Reference signs given subscript 1 (i.e. triangles A1, B1
, C1) designate the starting state, whereas the reference numbers with the suffix 2 designate the state after thermal elongation, each shown with a strong shift. At the same time, the range AC with subscript 1 is shown, as well as the range BC with m and the range AB with n.

Therefore, this FIG.
) is located perpendicularly to the tip of the prismatic guide portion 50,
Therefore, 121 indicates an arrangement exactly located in one direction of Y. Triangle A282 C where points A1 and A2 merge when Shinjindai (therefore triangle A1B1C1) is extended
2 occurs. This is because each Shinjindai is fixed in one direction of X with respect to the prismatic guide part 50, and due to its own weight,
This is because the guide position is held in the - direction as well.

For uniform elongation of Shinjindai (therefore triangle ABC>), the angle is, for example, at corner A (i.e. A1 or A2
) must remain the same, so as can be seen in FIG. 4, point C1 is not exactly displaced in one direction of Y, but deviates from this. This is because when triangle ABC is expanded, range n always forms a face angle with respect to one direction of X, and this is shown by comparing nl and 02.

Since the tailstock almost abuts against the flat guide part along the plane, like the guide part 54, rather than at the exact point B, the ranges n and
Due to the angle change between one direction and the other, the flat guide portion 54
The displacement of the abutment surface of the tailstock relative to the tailstock is added and is transmitted to the prismatic guide 50 due to the integral design of the tailstock. Therefore, point A2 is actually spaced apart from point A1, which also affects the spacing of point C2 from the Y-axis in FIG.

Therefore, the overlapping of the rotation centers 40 exactly along one Y direction or the point C cannot be achieved simply by positioning the rotation centers 40 exactly along one Y direction and at the guide portion of the Z-axis fixed in one X direction. It is clear that it cannot be done.

FIG. 5 shows a side view of a lathe with the inventive construction of the tailstock and the necessary guide surfaces in the machine bed 1. FIG. This floor 1 has an upper floor 1 at least partially made of metal.
0 and a lower floor 11 made of cement concrete. A carriage 3 is guided above the floor upper part 10 in one Z direction along guide parts 20 and 24. The guide 20 then consists of three individual guide surfaces 21, 25 and 23, which each extend at right angles and close to each other, the guide surfaces 21 and 23 being parallel to each other. Guide section 2
4 is composed of both guide surfaces 25 and 26, which are at an acute angle to each other, where a pattern 27 is introduced and fixed to the carriage 3. Similarly, a crosspiece 38 is fixed to the carriage 3 and engaged with the guide section 20. The carriage 3 is driven via a drive shaft 7, which also extends in the Z direction.

The carriage 3 has an upper support guided along at least one guide part 18 in one Y direction, the specific form of which is related to the construction of the present invention is almost similar to the construction of the guide part 9, thereby A first fixing unit 6 for the tool is guided in the X direction with respect to the upper support 4 of the supported cross slide 5.

A tool revolver 14 is further arranged in the fixed unit 6,
This is shown by the dashed line. Similarly, one cross slide 13 is guided in one direction on the front side of the processing machine and is driven via one of the drive shafts 17. This second carriage 3 is guided by a guide section 34 that is made up of a guide surface 36 and a guide surface 35 that engages therewith, and another guide section that is made up of guide surfaces 32 and 33.

This carriage also has a cross slide 15 guided in the X direction along a guide 19, on which a fixing unit 16 for the tool or the tool revolver is also located. .

Similarly, on the front side of the processing machine, the tailstock 2 is guided along both guide portions 30 and 34 in one Z direction along the floor 1. Thereby, the center of rotation 40 of the workpiece 290 is located between the two fixing units 6 and 16 for the tool, i.e. in front of the foremost supporting edge of the bed 1, and the free fall of the workpiece from the machining position is therefore downwardly directed. The material is given to the material conveyor 9.

Details of the tailstock 2 according to the invention can best be explained with reference to FIG. 6, which is an enlarged view of FIG.

First of all, the rotary stopper 28 is engaged from the upper fixed unit 6 via the tool or from the upper revolver 14 exactly in the X direction above the center of rotation 40 of the workpiece 29. The guide section 30 is a prismatic guide section composed of guide surfaces 31 and 32 located at right angles to each other. At this time, the line of action of the guide portion 30 passes through the rotation center 40 and forms an angle α1 with respect to the Y direction. Sliding plane (i.e. guide surface 36)
forms an angle α2 with respect to the joining line of both guides 30 and 34. The angles α1 and α2 have approximately the same dimensions, in this case approximately 10°. Since both guide surfaces 31 and 32 represent the center of gravity of the tailstock 2 and therefore never show engagement, detachment of the guide surfaces 31 and 32 is prevented by the additionally engaging additional guide surface 33. This engaging guide surface 3
3 is located on a crosspiece 39 fixed to the floor 1 to enable assembly of the Shinshindai 2. The Shinshindai 2 is driven via a drive shaft 17. The guide portion 30 therefore forms a guide portion along the 7-direction, which holds the Shinshindai 2 fixed in the X direction.

The second guide portion 34 in the Shinshindai 2 is substantially the same as the guide surface 3
6, this guide surface is spaced apart from the guide portion 30h1 and extends parallel to the guide surface 32. Furthermore, since there is an overhanging guide surface on the guide surface 32, one additional engagement guide surface 35 is required to prevent the Shinshindai 2 from separating from the guide surface 36 under predetermined conditions. A hydraulically actuated balance member (so-called P
EKO elements) are provided, which ensure a constant position of the guide surfaces 35 and 36. However, this is consistent with the fact explained by the invention, that upon extension of the Shinshindai 2 it moves along the guide surface 36 (i.e. perpendicular to the direction 7, as indicated by the direction 114). Guide surface 3
Due to the parallel arrangement of 2 and 36, no displacement of the Shinshindai 2 with respect to the guide surfaces 31, 32 or 36 occurs, so that the center of rotation 4 at least at -like temperatures of the Shinshindai
0 is always determined by the vertices of both guide surfaces 31 and 32.
Located in one direction. However, even in the case of different temperatures inside the Shinshindai 2, the guide surfaces 32 and 36
Due to the parallelism of , only very extreme temperature changes result in a displacement of the shinshin platform 2 relative to the so-called guide surface and thus in a deviation of the center of rotation 40 from the angle bisector 41 extending in the Y direction.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The first is a schematic diagram showing the displacement of the workpiece being rotated, FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the Shinjindai placed on the processing machine,
The center of rotation is located approximately at the center of both guide tracks, FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the positional relationship between the center point of the processed material and both guide parts of the Shinshindai, and FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a lathe with a stand; FIG. 6 is an enlarged detailed view of the Shinshin stand according to the invention; FIG. 1... Floor 3... Carriage table 29... Processing material 40... Rotation center 2... Shinshindai 7... Drive shaft 30... Guide part 50... Prism-shaped guide part I A: 111 people

Claims (9)

[Claims] (1) a tool movable in at least one at least X-direction, i.e. a direction defined by the tip of the tool and the center point of the workpiece; a headstock for fixing and driving the workpiece; and a headstock for fixing and driving the workpiece; a supporting tailstock, and at least two guides in the Z-direction relative to the floor of the processing machine, the tailstock and optionally a headstock being movable; one of the guides; In a processing machine in which a first guide part (30) fixed in the X-direction is fixed in the X-direction and the other is not fixed, the first guide part (30) is fixed in the X-direction by at least two guide surfaces (31, 32) located at an angle to each other. , the second guide part (34) not fixed in the X-direction is located parallel to one of the two guide faces (31, 32) of the first guide part (30). 36), and further fixed in the X-direction of the prismatic material with the center of the workpiece.
The Y-axis is at an angle α1 with respect to the connecting line with the guide part (30).
, and this angle is equal to the angle α2 between the sliding plane of the second guide part, which is not fixed in the X-direction, and the joining line of the first guide part and the second guide part. Machine. 2. Processing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle bisector (41) extends perpendicularly to the X-direction, i.e. in the Y-direction. (3) The processing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the center of rotation (40) is located exactly on the angle bisector (41). (4) Guide surfaces (31) and (32) of guide section (30)
The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that these are located close to each other. (5) The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the guide surfaces (31) and (32) engage with each other. (6) Parallel guiding surfaces (3
Processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that 1) and (32) are located at right angles to each other. (7) The guide surface (36) of the guide section (34) is connected to the first guide section (
7. The processing machine according to claim 1, wherein the processing machine is arranged at a distance as large as possible from 30). (8) The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the processing machine is a lathe, and the center of the workpiece is a rotation center (40). (9) The processing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein both the angle α1 and the angle α2 are zero degrees.