JPH03202663A - Heat engine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a non-pollution heat engine in simple configuration, which uses air, etc., as a working medium, by equipping it with an expansion engine and compressor in independent arrangement, and connecting the discharge port of the compressor to the suction port of the expansion engine through manifold furnished with a heat-exchanger. CONSTITUTION:The compressing space 16 of a compressor 10, in which a compression piston 12 is fitted in a compression cylinder 11, is connected with a suction manifold 13 through a suction valve 14 and also with a discharge manifold 31 through a discharge valve 15. This discharge manifold 31 is equipped with a combustor 42 obtaining high temperature and high pressure air through combustion in mixture with the fuel injected from a fuel injection nozzle 41. The expansion space 26 of an expansion engine 20, in which an expansion piston 22 is fitted in an expansion cylinder 21, is put in communication with the mentioned discharge manifold 31 through a suction valve 23 and a suction manifold 32, and is connected with an exhaust manifold 25 through a discharge valve 24. Connecting rods 5, 6 in connection with the pistons 12, 22 are coupled with a common crank shaft 7.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a heat engine that combines a compressor and an expansion engine.

(Prior art) Mechanisms that heat compressed gas and convert the energy of this high-temperature, high-pressure gas to generate power include, for example,
It is better known as a gas turbine. A gas turbine compresses gas with a compressor, heats the compressed gas with a combustor, and expands the resulting high-temperature, high-pressure gas in the turbine to output output to the outside. The effective output of this gas turbine is the difference between the power generated by the turbine and the power consumed by the compressor. In order to increase this effective output, it is necessary to increase the ratio between the turbine population temperature and the atmospheric temperature and to increase the compressor pressure ratio.

A gas turbine with this structure has a generator, propeller,
Used to drive vehicles and machinery.

(Problems to be Solved by the Present Invention) The efficiency of gas turbines is improved by increasing the rotation speed of the turbine to tens of thousands of rpm. For this reason, gas turbines have the disadvantage of large high-frequency noise, and because a reduction gear with a large speed ratio is used for loads rotating at low speeds (1000 to 6000 rpm), transmission noise is also large. has. Furthermore, since the gear ratio is increased, the transmission becomes large and heavy.

Therefore, this gas turbine is not preferable as an engine that outputs stable low output for a long period of time.The present invention aims to provide an engine that can quietly generate stable low output for a long period of time. .

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention basically includes a combustor having an independent compressor and an expansion engine, and having an injection nozzle between them. It is configured to include.

More specifically, the present invention provides a compressor having a compression cylinder, a compression piston connected to a crankshaft and reciprocating within the compression cylinder, and an intake valve and a discharge valve that control communication to a compression space within the compression cylinder. an expansion engine having an expansion cylinder, an expansion piston connected to a crankshaft and reciprocating within the expansion cylinder, and an intake valve and an exhaust valve that control communication to an expansion space within the expansion cylinder; a discharge valve and an intake valve; a combustor having a fuel injection nozzle integrated into the manifold;

(Function) As the compression piston of the compressor rises, the medium in the compression space is compressed, and the compressed medium is sent to the manifold and heated to high temperature in the combustor.
It is sent as a high-pressure medium to the expansion space and pushes down the expansion piston to obtain output. The upward movement of the expansion piston causes the low-temperature, low-pressure working medium in the expansion space to be discharged to the atmosphere.

The difference between the compression work by the compressor and the expansion work by the expansion engine is extracted as output.

Note that the above-mentioned effect can also be obtained with a Hoehn type or Wankel type rotary mechanism different from the illustrated example.

(Example) Refer to FIG. 1. The compressor 10 creates a compression space 16 by a compression cylinder 11 and a compression piston 12. This space 16 is connected to the intake manifold 1 via the intake valve 14.
3 and through the discharge valve 15 to the discharge manifold 3
Pass 1. The compression piston 12 is connected to the crankshaft 7 via the stove throat 5.

The discharge manifold 31 is connected to a combustor 42 having fuel injection nozzles 41 . The combustor 42 brings the pressurized working medium to a high temperature.

The expansion engine 20 is arranged independently of the compressor 10,
The expansion cylinder 21 has an expansion space 26 defined by an expansion piston 22 . The expansion piston 22 is connected to the crankshaft 7 using a connecting rod 6. The expansion space 26 can be freely communicated with an intake manifold 32 connected to the combustor 42 via an intake valve 23, and can also be communicated with an exhaust manifold 25 via an exhaust valve 24.

The operation of the heat engine shown in FIG. 1 will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2-7. In the state shown in FIG. 2, the compression piston 12 is located at the top dead center, which is the state shown in FIG. 6. When the compression piston 12 is lowered by the crankshaft 7,
As shown in FIG. 3, the intake valve 14 is opened and atmospheric air is supplied from the intake manifold 13 to the compression space 16. This is the state indicated by ■ in FIG. Figure 4 shows the compression piston 12
is at the bottom dead center, close the intake valve 14, and open the space 1.
6 shows the position of ■ in FIG. 6 where the air taken in is started to be compressed. In FIG. 5, the compression piston 12 is raised, compressing the air in the space 16 and opening the discharge valve 15, discharging the compressed air into the discharge manifold 31. This is represented by ■ in FIG.

The high pressure air that entered the discharge manifold 31 is transferred to the combustor 42.
The air mixes with the fuel injected from the fuel injection nozzle 41 and burns to become high-temperature, high-pressure air.

Next, the function of the expansion piston 22 will be explained. In the stroke shown in FIG. 3-5, the intake valve 23 is opened in synchronization with the movement of the expansion piston 22 that is 60 degrees out of phase with the compression piston 12, and the high temperature and high pressure air in the combustor 42 is sucked into the expansion space 26. Then, close the intake valve at an appropriate position in the piston's downward stroke.1. The expansion piston 22 is pushed down and the crankshaft 7 is rotated. The state in Figure 3-5 is shown in Figure 7.
-Represented by ■. In FIG. 5 and FIGS. 2-3, the exhaust valve 24 is opened, and the air in the expansion space 26 is exhausted through the exhaust valve 24 and the exhaust manifold 25. This is the state shown in FIG. 7 (■-1).

Please refer to FIGS. 6 and 7. Maximum pressure Pc of compressor 10
t and the maximum pressure PEI of the expansion engine 20 become Pct>>PH1 due to heating of the high-pressure air, and the expansion work Q becomes larger than the compression work Qc, generating power.

The example shown in FIG. 8 is for reducing the loss of exhaust heat. The exhaust manifold 25 is arranged parallel to the discharge manifold 31, and the high-pressure air is preheated by the heat exchanger 26 before entering the combustor 42. let This reduces the load on the combustor 42,
Engine efficiency can be improved.

(Effects) Since the atmosphere can be used as a working medium, it becomes an open cycle, non-polluting, and compact heat engine. Thermal energy conversion only uses a heat exchanger to heat the working medium, so it produces low noise and vibration, and enables continuous operation. Because normal compressors and engine parts can be used,
Production costs are low. In addition, the present invention allows output to be taken out at low speeds, eliminating the need for a transmission and resulting in low noise.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a detailed explanatory diagram of the present invention, Figs. 2 to 5 are explanatory diagrams showing the movement of the piston, Fig. 6 is a p-v diagram of the compressor, and Fig. 7 is a PV diagram of the expansion engine. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of another example. Near in the diagram: crankshaft, 10: compressor,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11... Compression cylinder, 12... Compression piston, 20... Expansion engine, 21... Expansion cylinder, ignition 22... Expansion piston, 42... Heat pump.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A compressor having a compression cylinder, a compression piston connected to the crankshaft and reciprocating within the compression cylinder, and an intake valve and a discharge valve that control communication to the compression space within the compression cylinder; an expansion cylinder, the crankshaft an expansion engine having an expansion piston connected to the expansion cylinder and reciprocating within the expansion cylinder, an intake valve and an exhaust valve controlling communication to an expansion space within the expansion cylinder; a manifold connected at both ends to the discharge valve and the intake valve; a combustor having fuel injection nozzles integrated into the manifold;