JPH03184689A - Formation of three-dimensional processing program - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate the formation of a three-dimensional processing program by forming the processing program by making combination use of profiling control in accordance with a plane program command by a three dimensional laser beam machine. CONSTITUTION:The 1st command program which commands the passage of a plane curve 3 is formed by the three-dimensional laser beam machine which executes the laser beam processing of a work 1 by controlling the position and posture at the tip of a nozzle 37 and the profiling control is executed in accordance with this program. An interpolation command is then stored as the program of the 2nd command and the operation is carried out by the 2nd command program. The coordinate values of a revolving shaft are added to the interpolation command and the desired three-dimensional processing program of the laser beam machine is formed. The three-dimensional processing program which processes the preprogramed plane shape is formed by the simple operations in this way.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for creating a three-dimensional machining program for a laser processing machine, and in particular for machining a pre-programmed planar shape on an arbitrarily given curved surface in space. This invention relates to a method for creating three-dimensional machining programs.

[Conventional technology]

Carbon dioxide lasers have high output and can produce high-quality beam modes, and laser processing machines combined with numerical control devices are becoming widely used. These laser processing machines are used in practical applications because it is easy to create processing programs for cutting, welding, etc. of complex shapes on a plane.

However, when it comes to three-dimensional machining, it is not easy to create a machining program, and especially when the shape model is composed of free-form surfaces without mathematical definition, it is extremely difficult to create a machining program.

For this reason, the cutting trajectory is marked on the workpiece to be cut, and the points on this cutting trajectory are sequentially indicated manually, and the coordinate values of the continuous point sequence are read and converted into linear interpolation commands. I am creating a machining program.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in this conventional method, it is necessary to manually specify and store a sequence of points on the trajectory. Furthermore, in order to accurately reproduce the trajectory, it is necessary to increase the number of point sequences, which poses problems such as a huge amount of time.

The present invention has been made in view of these points, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional machining program creation method for machining a pre-programmed planar shape with simple operations.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has a three-dimensional laser processing machine that performs laser processing by controlling the position of the nozzle tip and the posture of the nozzle. In the method for creating a three-dimensional machining program for machining a planar shape, the step of creating a first command program for commanding a path of the planar shape;
The operation is performed according to the first command program of the planar shape, and at the same time, the vertical axis of the plane is controlled by a signal from the gap detector to maintain a constant gap between the workpiece and the tip of the nozzle, and the operation is performed by performing tracing control. The coordinate values are sampled at a constant cycle during the process, the amount of movement of each axis moved within the cycle is calculated, converted into an interpolation command for each axis, and the interpolation command is stored in memory as a second command program. step, the operation is performed according to the second command program, the operation is temporarily stopped, the orientation of the nozzle is manually inputted, the orientation of the nozzle is read as a coordinate value of the rotation axis, and the orientation of the nozzle is read as a coordinate value of the rotation axis.
A three-dimensional machining method comprising the steps of: reading the latest interpolation command of a command program, and adding coordinate values of the rotational axis to the interpolation command to create a three-dimensional machining program for a laser processing machine. A program creation method is provided.

[Effect]

For example, a two-dimensional first command program is created by converting the shape of the XY plane into a two-dimensional program.

Such a two-dimensional command program can be easily created using a program creation device or the like.

Next, the first command program is used to trace and control the curved surface to be machined, and the movement at this time is sampled to generate a three-dimensional second command program.

Subsequently, the machine is operated according to this second command program, and the data of the rotation axis for controlling the nozzle posture is manually inputted at regular intervals to create the final machining program.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram explaining the present invention. Work 1 is 3
It is a dimensional free-form surface. Assume that such a workpiece 1 is subjected to a blanking process as shown by curve 2. Curve 2 is X
A curve projected onto the Y plane is represented by curve 3. Usually, in these blanking processes, curve 2 is determined,
Curve 2 is formed on the free-form surface of workpiece 1 using a laser beam machine or the like.

Therefore, the processing becomes three-dimensional processing. However, since the curved surface of the workpiece 1 is generally not a mathematically defined curved surface, a command program using the curve 2 as a machining path cannot be easily created. Furthermore, in a laser processing machine, it is also necessary to control the attitude of the nozzle, making creation of a processing program more complicated.

In the present invention, first, a command program for curve 3 is created using a program creation device or the like. This command program is a command program on a plane. Next, using this command program, the gap detector 3 provided in the nozzle head 35 is
6, profile control is executed so that the gap between the nozzle 37 and the surface of the workpiece 1 becomes constant. During tracing control, the coordinate values of the x, Y, and Z axes are read at regular intervals to generate a new command program. This command program is a command program that uses curve 2 as a path.

The sampling is not time sampling but XY
Another possible method is to use the moving distance of a plane.

Next, operation is performed using this command program, and when it is determined that the nozzle 37 has an inclination of more than the permissible value from the perpendicular state to the curved surface of the workpiece 1, the operation is temporarily stopped, and the posture data of the nozzle 37 is Enter. As a result, a machining program for blanking the final curve 2 is generated.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a laser processing machine system for implementing the present invention. The numerical control device IO is a control device that also includes a profile control function, and is configured around the processor 11. The processor 11 controls the entire numerical control device 10.

The memory 12 includes a ROM that stores a system program, a RAM that stores work data, a nonvolatile memory that stores machining programs, parameters, and the like.

A teaching box 20 is connected to the interface 13. The display control circuit converts internal data into visual signals and sends them to the display device 30 to display current position data of each axis, machining program path, etc.

The DA converter 16 converts the command from the processor 11 into an analog command value and sends it to the servo amplifier 17, and the servo amplifier 17 drives the servo motor 31 based on this command value to control the Z axis. In addition, the Z-axis pulse coder 32
The feedback pulse is fed back to the position control circuit 18, and Z-axis position control is performed. Note that the X2Y-axis DA converters, servo amplifiers, servo motors, etc. are omitted in the figure.

The teaching box 20 is configured around a processor 21, and is used by an operator for teaching. Teaching data is temporarily stored in the memory 22. The keyboard is used for manual teaching data. The display device 24 is composed of a liquid crystal or the like, and displays numerical values and the like. The interface 25 is an ink face that connects the teaching box 20 with the numerical control device 10, and transmits teaching data to the numerical control device 1.
0.

The nozzle head 35 has a nozzle 37, and a laser beam is output from the nozzle 37 to the work l to perform laser processing. Further, the nozzle head is provided with a gap detector 36, and the signal from the gap detector 36 is transmitted to the conversion circuit 1.
5 and is read by the processor 11 via the
Used for profile control. That is, during profile control, the gap between the workpiece 1 and the nozzle 37 is controlled to be constant. The gap detector 3G uses a capacitance type detector that detects the gap amount using capacitance.

In addition, a laser distance measuring device can also be used.

The orientation of the nozzle 37 is controlled by rotating the member 33 to rotate the α-axis, and by rotating the member 34 to control the β-axis. By controlling the α and β axes, the nozzle 37 can be controlled perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece 1.

Further, a program creation device 60 is connected via an interface 19 . A two-dimensional command program created by the program creation device is stored in the memory 12.

Next, the following control will be explained. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the speed relationship when the nozzle is patterned and controlled. The gap between the workpiece 1 and the nozzle 37 is controlled to be a constant value. For this purpose, control may be performed so that the composite velocity Vt of the X-axis and Y-axis composite velocity Vxy and the two-axis velocity Vz coincides with the tangential direction of the surface of the workpiece 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between rigidity speed and deviation on the X and Y axes. The horizontal axis is the actual nozzle deviation e and the standard deviation ε0
The difference is (ε−ε0). The vertical axis is the combined speed Vxy of the X-axis and Y-axis, and indicates that the larger the deviation, the more the combined speed Vxy is reduced.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram of profile control. These profiling controls are performed by software. Tracing control is broadly divided into a tracing control section 40 and an interpolation function section 50. The profiling control section 40 mainly performs control so that the Z axis, that is, the gap between the nozzle and the workpiece, becomes constant. That is, Z-axis control is performed.

The interpolation function section controls the X and Y axes.

The gap signal from the gap detector 36 is sent to the AD converter 4.
1, the signal is converted into a digital signal, and is standardized by the standardization means 42, resulting in the deviation amount ε. The arithmetic unit 43 calculates the difference (ε-ε0) from a predetermined standard deviation amount ε0. This difference (ε to ε0) is multiplied by a gain K to obtain a Z-axis control signal.

That is, the larger the deviation, the faster the Z-axis speed is controlled so that the gap becomes constant.

The output (ε-ε○) of the arithmetic unit 43 is expressed as a graph 45. When this is converted into an absolute value by the absolute value converting means 61, a signal shown in a graph 46 is obtained.

The command speed F commanded by the command program for curve 3, which was first created by the program creation device 60, is increased or decreased by the override signal VS and is input to the calculator 52 as the speed Fov.

The arithmetic unit 52 subtracts the signal shown in the graph 46 from the speed Fov, and the negative value clamping means 53 clamps the negative portion, thereby obtaining the signal shown in the graph 55. This results in the same speed signal as shown in the graph of FIG. Using this speed signal, the interpolation means 54 outputs movement commands cx and cy as pulse distribution to the X-axis and Y-axis, respectively.

In this way, when the difference in deviation amount (ε-ε0) is large, the speed of the Z-axis is made high, and when it is small, the speed control is performed such that the combined speed Vxy of the X-axis and Y-axis is made high. As a result, the gap between the nozzle 37 and the workpiece 1 is controlled to be constant.

Furthermore, during this tracing control, the coordinates of each of the X, Y, and Z axes are read, and a three-dimensional command program is generated from these values.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the three-dimensional machining program creation method of the present invention. In the figure, the number following S indicates the step number.

[S1] Using the program control device 60 etc., curve 3
Create a command program. This command program is
This is a two-dimensional plane command program regarding the axis and Y-axis. Therefore, it can be easily created using a normal program creation device 60 or the like.

[S2] Next, this command program is loaded into the memory 12 of the numerical control device 10.

[S3] The numerical control device 10 interpolates the curve 3 using this command program, and at the same time controls the nozzle 37 by tracing control to read the coordinates of the xSy and z axes at fixed time or fixed distance intervals, and executes the three-dimensional command program. generate. This three-dimensional instruction program is also stored in the memory 12.

[S4] Perform operation according to this three-dimensional command program, set the feed-hold state at fixed time or fixed distance intervals, and use the teaching box 20 to control the α-axis and β-axis, which are the rotation axes of the nozzle. , so that the nozzle 37 is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece 1. At the same time, the α-axis and β-axis coordinates at this time are read and the final machining program is generated.

In blanking or trimming processing using a general laser processing machine, the nozzle posture does not need to be controlled so precisely, so the teaching required to control the nozzle posture is less than inputting the coordinates of each processing point. .

Therefore, in this method of creating a machining program, the number of teaching points is extremely small, and the time required to create a machining program is shortened.

In the above explanation, we explained blanking processing, but
Trimming processing and the like can be performed in the same manner.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, in the present invention, a machining program is generated based on a planar progera command in combination with profiling control, so a three-dimensional machining program can be easily generated.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 is a flowchart of the tertiary dead machining program creation method of the present invention, Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram explaining the present invention, Figure 3 is a diagram showing the machined surface in the case of groove machining, and Figure 4 is a diagram showing the nozzle pattern. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the rigidity speed and deviation of the X-axis and Y-axis, and FIG. 6 is a block diagram of profile control. -- 0 0 6 7 40 --- 50・ --・ 0 -- Workpiece machining curve Plane curve Numerical control device Teaching box Gap detector Nozzle tracing control section Interpolation function section Program creation device

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A three-dimensional laser processing machine that performs laser processing by controlling the position of the nozzle tip and the nozzle posture, which processes a pre-programmed planar shape on an arbitrarily given curved surface in space. In the original machining program creation method, the step of creating a first command program for commanding a path of the planar shape, and operating according to the first command program of the planar shape, and simultaneously detecting the gap with respect to the vertical axis of the plane. Based on signals from the machine, tracing control is performed while keeping the gap between the workpiece and the tip of the nozzle constant, and coordinate values are sampled at a constant cycle during operation to calculate the amount of movement of each axis within the cycle. a step of converting the interpolation commands into interpolation commands for each axis and storing the interpolation commands in a memory as a second command program; and a step of operating according to the second command program and operating at a place where the nozzle posture is desired to be corrected. Pause, manually correct the nozzle orientation, read the nozzle orientation as a coordinate value of the rotation axis, read the interpolation command during execution of the second command program, and add the above to the interpolation command. A method for creating a three-dimensional machining program, comprising the step of creating a three-dimensional machining program for a laser processing machine by adding coordinate values of a rotation axis. (2) The three-dimensional machining program creation method according to claim 1, wherein the first command program is created by a program creation device. (3) The method for creating a three-dimensional machining program according to claim 1, characterized in that the second command program is created by sampling so that the moving distance of the first command program is constant. . (4) The three-dimensional machining program creation method according to claim 1, wherein the gap detector uses a capacitance type detector that measures the gap based on the capacitance of the gap. (5) The three-dimensional machining program creation method according to claim 1, wherein the gap detector uses a laser distance measuring device. (6) The three-dimensional machining program creation method according to claim 1, wherein the interpolation command is generated as a linear interpolation command. (7) In the step of creating the second command program, stop the operation at a point where you want to correct the posture of the nozzle,
manually correcting the nozzle orientation, reading the nozzle orientation as a coordinate value of a rotation axis, adding the coordinate value of the rotation axis to an interpolation command obtained at that position, and replacing it with the interpolation command; The method for creating a three-dimensional machining program according to claim 1, further comprising the step of creating a three-dimensional machining program for a laser beam machine.