JPH03182409A - Device for moving large object - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To simplify a constitution and automate a handling by arranging rollers in a rectangular block shape in parallel, making a fixed angle in relation to rollers within an adjacent block and making it possible to move each block in the vertical direction, in a roller used moving device for a vehicle or the like. CONSTITUTION: Space 2 is constituted of rollers 6 arranged in a shape of a rectangular block 5. Rollers 6 within each block 5 are parallel each other and rollers 6 within adjacent blocks 5 are arranged so as to be orthogonally crossed with each other and objects are moved in the direction of the arrow. Further, each block 5 is possible to displace in the vertical direction. By this constitution, blocks 5 related to a transferring direction, that is, a block 5 on an upper side on a figure and a block 5 including the roller 6 moving in the same direction, for instance, are lifted to the outside of an equipment height and cargo is transferred by the roller 6 of the block 5.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a device for moving or placing large objects, such as containers or vehicles, by means of rollers or roller conveyors.

[Conventional technology]

It is a well-known fact that the loading of railways or public vehicles has not kept up with the pace of modern technology or vehicle development.

Over the past 30 years, freight transport has shifted to public roads, and the amount of freight transported per kilometer by railway is decreasing year by year. The proportion of cargo transported by trucks, including semi-trailer containers, is increasing every year. The advantages of public transport of goods are short delivery times, relatively little damage during door-to-door delivery, and transportation without transhipment.

On the other hand, the disadvantages of public road transportation of freight are relatively high energy and labor costs, increased environmental pollution, relatively high costs and more extensive management, and reliable transportation. The reason is that loading, proper maintenance and public road development are relatively difficult.

By comparing these advantages and disadvantages, one can draw the conclusion that the early advantages have recently lost much of their appeal. The reason for this is that the ever-increasing traffic volume has resulted in a slowdown in transportation speeds. This is especially true for international truck and container transport. In other words, the border crossing time is increasing year by year. The costs and loads on public roads are increasing as well.

The advantages of freight transport by rail could be improved again by solving loading and container handling problems.

It is a well-known fact that the category of transcontainers, or large containers, includes containers without carriages in accordance with international standards.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

A disadvantage of currently known transcontainer transport systems is that the technical requirements are of intermittent operation, which causes significant volume losses due to idle return operations. That is, cranes are primarily suited for lifting, and operating them for long distance horizontal movements is expensive and difficult. The technical solutions for lifting and transporting vehicles are complex;
Therefore, investment and operating costs are high.

Another drawback of the currently known and used transcontainer transport equipment is that the technical equipment installed for moving the containers is not flexibly adapted to the volume of the containers to be moved, and the traffic The point is that the technical equipment in low-traffic areas must be similar to that used in high-traffic areas, where the capacity limits of the essential elements used are near. Another problem is that the required elements currently in use do not allow automation of the handling of various container-loaders, transloaders, and terminals.

At present, simplified facilities for loading, guiding and transshipment are such that "active" packed goods or vehicles are connected to "passive" paths (roads, paved surfaces,
loading surface, etc.). These operations are
It may be self-powered (trolley, automobile, wheeled container, etc.) or externally powered (mobile crane, frame crane). The lifting from the "passive" passage (generally by eccentric lifting) that characterizes this operation is transport by lifting.

However, even the most modern equipment is unable to eliminate idling or record the current position of the driven unit.

Parking in large cities poses similar problems.

The construction of garages and parking lots has lagged behind the increase in the number of cars. The number of parking lots is insufficient, as they are expensive to construct, require large spaces, and are difficult to operate. As a result of the high costs, parking fees are also high.

Parking lots built to date are comprised of traditional construction units (
It has been constructed using steel structures, concrete, brick, etc.). Ramps or access roads, which require a large amount of space, are used for vehicle access and for communication between floors. Movement between and within each floor is carried out by the vehicle itself.

This is quite difficult as it requires a large space and a skilled driver to operate. Due to the exhaust gases, high volume ventilation and strict fire safety regulations are mandatory.

Another drawback of conventional parking lots is that they can only accommodate a small number of cars for their size because of the access roads and the space required for turns. For this reason, they are not suitable for solving parking problems in large cities.

[Means to solve the problem]

It is an object of the present invention to be able to move or guide large objects such as containers, vehicles, etc. on rollers or roller conveyors, and also to be able to move or guide containers, vehicles, etc. in a much smaller space than with conventional solutions. The object of the present invention is to provide a device or equipment that not only allows simple and quick operation but also allows automatic tracking and recording of objects moved within the equipment from the time of entry to the time of exit using a computer system. .

According to the invention, the rollers are arranged in the form of rectangular blocks, the rollers in each block being parallel to each other and imposing a constant angle with respect to those in adjacent blocks, and each block being vertically It is possible to move.

Only some of the rollers in the block are driven. The driven rollers may be provided with separate or common drives, such as chain drives.

Generally, the blocks are arranged side by side, and the rollers therein are at right angles to each other. In some cases, it is advisable to push the blocks (including rollers arranged in different directions) into each other, especially if small and lightweight objects, such as cars, have to be moved. That is, rollers in different directions are placed next to each other. However, rollers in the same direction are equipped with a common drive and are raised and lowered together. Blocks are generally designed to guide objects to be moved more precisely.
Or a damping element is provided.

If the installation is a rail yard, this includes roadside loading spaces, rail loading and storage spaces.

According to a preferred embodiment, only roller conveyors parallel to the ramp are arranged on the periphery of the road-side and/or railway-side loading space. At least a portion can be pushed out at right angles to the ramp to allow the object to be transferred to a vehicle not equipped with a roller conveyor. In some cases, the roller conveyor is arranged below a block on a ramp, which is arranged so as to be extruded and adjustable in vertical position.

The installation according to the invention is equipped with complementary inlet and outlet roller conveyors arranged on the ramp or on the vehicle platform. It is also possible to use a movable stand-alone roller conveyor to place on a ramp or vehicle during loading. These loading roller conveyors are equipped with a flat, easily sliding lower pallet.

Flat loading pallets are also used when objects such as containers to be moved do not have a flat bottom surface. In this case, the objects to be moved are fixed to loading valets for movement on a roller conveyor.

It will be appreciated that the device according to the invention may be equipped with a computer control device or a load carrier, so that the exact position of the object to be moved within the installation can always be set and the object automatically moves to the intended position. Tracking and/or recording equipment must be provided.

The invention will be described in detail through examples with reference to the drawings.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention, configured as a rail yard or container sorter. This area consists of 1 public road loading space and 2 railway loading spaces.
, a replacement space 3 and a storage space 4. A lifting mechanism is arranged in the shunting space 3 to place the containers one on top of the other if necessary.

The entire space is made up of rollers 6 arranged in the form of blocks 5. As shown in FIG. 2, the rollers 6 in each block 5 are parallel to each other, and the rollers in adjacent blocks 5 have orthogonal centerlines. The object to be moved on the rollers 6 in the block 5 can therefore be moved in the direction of the arrow shown in FIG.

To enable movement, each block 5 can be vertically displaced and can be equipped with a drive.

Therefore, if an object must be moved upwards within the block shown in Figure 2, the upper block and the block containing the rollers moving in the same direction must be lifted above the height of the equipment. The object on the block then rests only on the roller in a certain direction, and when the roller moves, the object moves at right angles to the axis of the roller.

When moving in the other direction, the former block is lowered to its original position and the block containing the orthogonal rollers is raised. In this case, the object rests on these rollers and moves at right angles to the axis of the rollers.

A portion of the cross section of block 5 is shown in FIG. The rollers 6 are arranged within the frame elements 7 such that the shafts 8 fit into slots 9 between the frame elements 7. Therefore, the rollers 6 can be moved up and down simultaneously in a hydraulic or pneumatic manner. The rollers 6 are driven by a chain drive mechanism 10. In the raised position of the roller 6, the flat lower plate 11 of the object can be moved in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure.

The block is provided with guiding and/or damping elements along its periphery, which elements are raised out of the plane of the block and serve to guide and stop objects.

FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a container sorter similar to that shown in FIG. Here 1, each block 5
are shown in detail with rollers 6 arranged in the same direction. The automobile 12 is located on one side of the loading space of the shunting space 3, and the freight car 13 is located on the other side. As shown in the drawing, the container 14 is transferred from the motor vehicle 12 to the roadside loading space 1 using a roller conveyor 15. Roller conveyor 15 is car 12
is mounted on the platform.

The containers 14 pass from the roadside loading space 1 to the shunting space 3 and from there proceed in a sequentially rearranged manner according to regulatory requirements to the railway loading space 2 and then to the freight cars 13 in the appropriate order. and proceed. The freight car 13 is equipped with a suitable roller conveyor, similar to the car 12.

A plan view of another arrangement of rollers is shown in FIG. This illustrates a container transshipment machine in which the lower roller conveyor 16 is the loading section for inward containers and the upper roller conveyor 17 is the loading section for outward containers. The parts comprising both roller conveyors 15 and 16 are designed as rotating units 18 and 19 from roller blocks 6 arranged at approximately 45 degrees to each other. Between the rotating units 18 and 19,
Another roller conveyor 20 is arranged.

Containers arriving from vehicles on one side of the roller conveyor 16 are loaded onto the roller conveyor 16 and then transferred with the help of the rotation unit 18 and the roller conveyor 20 to the rotation unit 19 and from there again to the second roller conveyor. It reaches 17 and is loaded onto the arriving vehicle.

6 to 10 show a vehicle with a roller conveyor fitted into the device according to the invention.

Container transport vehicle 21 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7
has a platform 22 with a roller conveyor 28 (FIG. 11) for picking up the containers 14. The rollers 6 forming the roller conveyor are arranged in pairs in the form of two lines running next to each other. The rollers 6 can be driven and lifted off the upper plane of the platform 22 at a distance of X. Corner fixing points are at the corners of the platform 22;
This allows the container 14 to be secured on the platform 22.

The container 14 can be moved longitudinally on a rectangular platform 22 on rollers 6 which are lifted out of the plane of the previous roller by a roller conveyor 23.

Thus, for transport, the container 14 is placed on the platform 22 with the driven roller conveyor 23, and then, after the return of the rollers 6, the container 14 resting on the platform 22 is fixed at the corner fixing point and moved to its destination. transported to. Container 14 arrived at its destination
is released from the platform 22 and the roller conveyor 23 is activated, so that the container 14 is moved longitudinally outwardly from the vehicle.

The freight cars 24 shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 include:
A similar roller conveyor 25 is provided.

However, here the roller conveyor 25 is arranged transversely rather than longitudinally. These function similarly to those shown in previous figures.

Considering that the bottom plate of a container is not always flat, it is recommended in some cases to support the container on a pallet with a flat bottom plate.

11 and 12 show a schematic view of the container 14, marked with dashed lines, on a pallet 26. FIG.

Pallet 2 adjacent to corner element 27 of container 14
Similar corner elements 2B are fitted into the four corners of G. The plan view of the pallet 26 corresponds to the horizontal projection of the standardized container 14.

Corner elements 28 stacked on top of each other allow each container 14 and pallet 26 to be releasably secured to each other. The pallet 26 may contain any material suitable for this purpose;
For example, it may be made of metal wood, plastic or a combination thereof, and its lower surface is flat so that it can move along a roller path with the container 14 releasably fixed thereon. The fundamental standard is that you are able to do it. With respect to the present invention, not only a completely uniformly flat surface but also a flat surface, e.g.
The underside of the framework constituting the bars arranged in two common planes is likewise regarded as a flat surface that can be moved on the roller path. Such a framework can be formed by a mesh of vertical bars as well as parallel bars running in only one direction.

The container 14 and the adjacent pallet 26 represent one unit for the entire process of cargo container movement and transportation equipment, which can be used as a general purpose flat container if required. The size of the pallet 26 is the same as that of the transformer container. The corner elements are standard so that the pallets can be connected to each other or to containers and transport vehicles and are also suitable for lifting.

The bottom of the container (eg, together with the reinforcing shell) may be formed such that the lower surface is flat.

This is because the movement of the container on the roller path can also be ensured in this way.

It is also possible to assemble flat pallets with modular elements and parts fitted separately into the framework of the container, thus filling the gap between the flat surface and the framework. In this case, the pallet is an accessory to the container and becomes its single integral element.

Obviously, the device according to the invention can be used when equipped with a unified solution for freight cars, motor vehicles and railway stations.
can be used in an optimal manner. But this (especially at first)
It is recommended to use supplementary units to replace the roller conveyor described above, as its installation on the vehicle is not feasible or recommended for safe operation.

Figures 13 and 14 show such a roller pallet. Basically, independent movable roller pallets are used instead of roller conveyors that are fixed and permanently mounted on the platform of a vehicle or wagon. In this case it is recommended to mount a beam on the platform of the vehicle to support the container during transport. Roller pallets are fitted between these beams to act as roller conveyors as shown in FIGS. 6-10.

The roller pallet 29 shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 is composed of a base 30 and rollers 31.

The lower plate of the base 30 is a flat or flat coated surface, and a roller conveyor formed by rollers 31 can be moved up and down. Thus, by lifting the roller conveyor of the roller pallet pushed under the container supported by the vehicle, the container can be rolled off the platform of the vehicle and then the entire pallet is lifted from the vehicle. The same roller pallets can also be integrated around the loading space, and these are equipped with roller conveyors, in certain cases at right angles to the edges of the ramps, as described above. Portions of these roller conveyors can be pushed out like such roller pallets at right angles to the ramp to the platforms of vehicles waiting on the ramp. According to another embodiment, a roller pallet is incorporated around the container guiding area or ramp and automatically extends therefrom and rests on the platform of the vehicle to perform the above-mentioned role and then automatically extends to the ramp or loading area. It can also be retracted under the area.

The examples presented above demonstrate that the installation according to the invention is more effective than conventional solutions. The most important advantages are:

In its current form, conventional loading, guidance and transshipment:
The cargo is moved over passive paths (roads, paved spaces, loading surfaces, etc.) using trolleys, cars, cranes, etc., while according to the solution according to the invention, it can be moved in part for repositioning. active passageways are used, in part to eliminate the moving mechanisms used for , which simultaneously provides complete automation as well as computerized tracking of cargo,
Enables recording, direction and control.

When railways are used, it is possible to lift the loaded wagon body from the carriage by incorporating a roller bay between the wagon underframe and the wagon body.

In this way, the off-time of the carriage and underframe is reduced. This improves the use of expensive carriages. The problem of loading and unloading wagons becomes simpler. In the case of interchangeable wagon bodies, the problem of loading and unloading on closed circuit tracks is simplified.

Directing vehicles is simplified by constructing a shunting space consisting of roller bays instead of the currently used hang yards. The area required for a roller changeover space is much smaller than the area of currently used hang yards.

The new mechanism can be widely used (within the same equipment) as well as in conjunction with currently used loading techniques. If required, high loading capacities can be automated,
Its programmed implementation is extremely fast, and combined with modern technology this saves labor and space.

A particular advantage of the device according to the invention is that the containers to be loaded onto the entire train can be gathered around the perimeter of the loading space and pushed at once onto the waiting train towards the ramp.

In cases where loading is carried out on both sides, such as by pushing an already erected container line into the train from one side, and the containers on the train are pushed to the other side in the same operation, the rail-track A loading space can be formed on both sides.

Little energy is required to move the cargo, so loading is cheaper. Naturally, this can be used not only for vehicles and machines but also for smaller cargo units.

The system according to the invention can be easily adapted to the container movement densities and technologies of various handling stations. This simple and quick container handling equipment reduces turning times and improves the use of containers and container transport vehicles. The transport capacity is high as a result of the parallel arrangement of the various container movement elements.

This equipment offers excellent possibilities for the automation of various container movement processes. Container transport vehicles can also be used for general purpose tank transport, thus maximizing their utilization.

Another advantage of this equipment is that its technical essentials and equipment are simple, its operation is economical and energy- and labor-saving, and it is also flexible in various combinations to existing container transport equipment. It is possible to connect to
The point is that gradual changeover to new equipment is completely problem-free. The installation according to the invention can significantly facilitate the widespread use and dissemination of highly rational container transport of cargo and guidance of containers on roller tracks in accordance with (international standards). By suitable combinations of vehicles and tracks or track elements according to the invention, longitudinal and lateral loading, lifting, rotation around vertical axes, collision-free container construction, flexibly adapted to existing technical demands. Equipment can be developed to allow stacking and sorting.

This equipment is also compatible with traditional means of moving containers (
It goes without saying that they can be combined (cranes, turntables, sliding platforms, etc.). The roller walkway and transport vehicle according to the invention comprises boxes,
It can also be used to move other cargo (other than containers), such as items packaged in tanks or the like.

The invention is not limited to the solutions described above, but can be realized in several other ways within the scope of protection defined in the claims.

For example, if motor vehicles are moved in an elevator with a roller pallet to different floors that are arranged with virtually no free space or with some free spaces as an option, these vehicles can be automatically moved to the elevator at any time. It is possible to construct parking buildings using the device according to the invention, such that parking buildings can be moved up to

A device based on the principles of the invention can also be constructed for the placement of items in department stores and post offices.

If the object to be moved is relatively small and not too heavy, instead of reducing the size of the blocks, it is also possible to arrange the blocks (including rollers in different directions) inside each other. This is shown in FIG. Here, rollers in different directions are arranged successively in a chessboard pattern, so that rollers in the same direction are moved together or moved up and down.

In this way, the two blocks are actually placed in an overlapping position.

The invention is not restricted to the embodiments described, but can be implemented in many ways within the scope of the claims.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a device according to the invention assembled as a rail yard. FIG. 2 represents the direction of travel on the rollers within each block of the device. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a block of the device. 4 is a perspective view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1; FIG. FIG. 5 is a plan view of another embodiment of the device according to the invention. FIG. 6 is a side view of a vehicle adapted to the device according to the invention. 7 is a plan view of the platform of the vehicle shown in FIG. 6; FIG. FIG. 8 is a side view of a railroad freight car used with an apparatus according to the invention. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the railroad freight car shown in FIG. 8. FIG. 1O is a front view of the railroad freight car shown in FIG. 9. FIG. 11 is a side view of a supplementary loading pallet and container of the apparatus according to the invention. FIG. 12 is a front view of a roller loading pallet used for this device. FIG. 13 is a side view of the roller pallet shown in FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a schematic plan view of two blocks pushed into each other. 1-Public road loading space 2-Railway loading space 3-Shipping space 4-Storage space 5-Block
6-roller 7-frame element, 8-shaft, 9-slot, 10-chain drive, 11-flat lower plate, 12-motor vehicle, 1324-wagon, 14-container, 15.16.1? , 20 23. 25 - Roller conveyor, 18. 19 Single rotation unit, 21 - Container transport vehicle, 22 - Platform, 26 - Pallet, 28 -
Corner element, Fig, 12 Fig, 13

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A device for moving or arranging large objects such as containers or vehicles using rollers or a roller conveyor, wherein the rollers are arranged in the form of rectangular blocks, and the rollers in each block are parallel to each other. and at an angle to the rollers in adjacent blocks, the blocks being movable in a vertical direction. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers in adjacent blocks are at right angles to each other. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least part of the rollers in the block are driven. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein each driven roller is provided with an independent drive. 5. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the rollers being driven in each block are provided with one common drive. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rollers are equipped with a chain drive. 7. Device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that blocks containing rollers of different directions are arranged side by side. 8. Device according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that blocks containing rollers of different orientations are arranged within each other. 9. Device according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the block is equipped with guiding or damping elements. 10. Claim 1, characterized in that it is a train yard.
9. The device according to any one of 8. 11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that the yard comprises a roadside loading space, a trackside loading space, and a placement space and a storage area. 12. Device according to claim 10, characterized in that the rollers parallel to the ramp are on the periphery of the loading space. 13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that at least some of the rollers parallel to the ramp are conveyors and can be pushed out at right angles to this ramp. 14. Claim 1, characterized in that it is a parking lot.
14. The device according to any one of 13 to 13. 15. Any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is provided with supplementary inlet and outlet roller conveyors.
Equipment described in Section. 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the roller conveyor is arranged on a ramp. 17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the roller conveyor is arranged so that it is pushed out and vertically adjustable below the blocks on the ramp. 18. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the roller conveyor is arranged on a vehicle platform. 19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that the roller conveyor is arranged on a pallet with a flat bottom plate. 20. Device according to any of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it is computer-controlled. 21. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it is equipped with a computer storage device.