JPH03171197A - Channel allocating device for electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To surely search the most attenuated musical tone by computing and synthesizing the data indicating the speed or intensity of a sound release instruction with respect to the weight coefft. data indicating the degree of priority of channel allocation and executing the channel allocation in accordance with the value of the synthesized weight coefft. data. CONSTITUTION:The weight coefft. data indicating the degree of priority of the channel allocation set in an assignment memory 8 is subjected to the computation and synthesis of the initial touch data indicating the key touch speed and the after touch data indicating the touch pressure and the fresh channel allocation is executed in accordance with the value of this synthesized weight coefft. The degree of priority of the channel allocation is, therefore, determined according to the speed or intensity of the sound release instruction. The most attenuated musical tone is surely searched in this way even if the state of the sound release instruction changes.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a channel allocation device for an electronic musical instrument,
In particular, it relates to improvements in how to determine channel allocation priorities.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, in such a channel allocation device,
Taking a keyboard as an example, when all musical sound generation channels are in the on state, when a new key is pressed, a new channel assignment is performed in the following manner.

That is, weighting coefficient data indicating the priority of channel assignment according to each key is stored, this weighting coefficient data is read out at the same time as channel assignment, and stored corresponding to each channel. Each weighting coefficient data is uniformly reduced over time. Then, the musical tone associated with the new key depression is assigned to the channel associated with the data having the smallest value among the respective weighting coefficient data.

In the other method, each time the key assigned to each tone generation channel is released, the count values are uniformly added to all the tone generation channels that are already in the released state. As a result, the order in which the keys of each tone generation channel are released is indicated by this count value, and the count value of each tone generation channel is compared and the tone generation channel with the largest count value (that is, the one whose key was released the earliest) is Detect. A musical tone associated with a new key press is assigned to the detected musical tone generation channel.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the above channel allocation method causes problems in the following cases. In other words, even if you operate keys of the same pitch, normally when you operate them quickly (strongly), the musical note will last for a long time and the envelope waveform will be long, but when you operate them slowly (softly),
The duration of the musical tone is short, and the length of the envelope waveform is also short.

Therefore, even if the method of determining the priority order of music channel assignment is changed depending on the pitch, it is not always possible to allocate new musical tones in order from the channels with the lowest envelope level.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and even if the 8k sound time changes depending on the speed or strength of the sound emitting operation and the length of the envelope waveform changes, It is an object of the present invention to provide a channel assignment device for an electronic musical instrument that can reliably search for musical tones with advanced attenuation and assign new channels.

[A thousand steps to resolve the problem] In order to achieve the above-mentioned objective 1-1, in the present invention, the speed or strength of the sound emission instruction is indicated for the weighting coefficient data indicating the priority of channel allocation. The data are computationally combined and a new channel assignment is performed based on the value of the combined weighting coefficient data.

[Function] As a result, the priority of channel assignment is determined according to the speed or strength of the sound emission instruction, and even if the state of the sound emission instruction changes, the musical tone that has decayed the most is reliably searched. be able to.

[Example code] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

1. Overall circuit configuration Figure 1 shows the overall circuit of an electronic musical instrument. Each key on the keyboard 1 is scanned by a key scan circuit 2, and key-on and key-off events, key press speed (initial touch), and immediate key pressure (aftertouch) are detected. This detection result is processed by the CPU 6.
It is set in the assignment memory 8 in the tone generator 7.

Each switch in the panel switch group 3 is used to select a tone, rhythm, etc., and each switch is scanned by a panel scan circuit 4. This scan result, that is, data regarding the selected tone, rhythm, etc.
It is sent to the tone generator turf by PU6. Further, this scan result is set in the panel LED circuit 5, and the corresponding LED (light emitting diode) of the panel switch group 3 is turned on.

The pedal group 12 includes various pedals such as a damper pedal, a sostenuto pedal, and a soft pedal.

The pedal detection circuit 13 is a circuit that detects whether each pedal in the pedal group 12 is turned on or off, the amount of depression, etc. This circuit 13 is configured as follows. That is, each bit of data from a position sensor such as a differential transformer or an angle sensor such as a rotary encoder provided on the damper pedal is logically summed, the up edge and down edge of this logical sum signal are detected, and this is It is given to the CPU 6 as a damper event detection signal. Thereby, when data is output from the position sensor or angle sensor, a damper event detection signal is output. Such a configuration is
The same effect may be achieved using a muffler pedal, a mute pedal, a shifting pedal, etc.

Note that the keyboard 1 may be replaced by an electronic stringed instrument such as an electronic guitar, an electronic wind instrument, an electronic percussion instrument, etc., and any keyboard may be used as long as it can issue instructions to emit musical tones.

The tone generator 7 generates musical tone signals according to the various data sent and the data set in the assignment memory 8, and sends them to the sound system 9.
A musical tone is generated and emitted. The ROMIO stores programs for the CPU 6 to perform various processes, weighting coefficient data to be described later, and, depending on the case, musical waveform data and envelope waveform data. RAMI 1 stores three types of processing data.

The tone generator 7 forms a musical tone generation system for eight channels through time-sharing processing, and correspondingly, the assignment memory 8 stores musical tone data assigned to these eight musical tone generation channels. Ru.

FIG. 2 shows a part of the assignment memory 8.
One channel area of the assignment memory 8 stores not only on/off data, key pick-up data, and composite weighting coefficient data, but also timbre data, frequency pick-up data, envelope data, velocity data, and the like. The number of channel areas in this assignment memory 8 may be other than "8". Further, the weighting coefficient data may be stored in a memory separate from the assignment memory 8, and any storage format may be used as long as the weighting coefficient data can be stored in correspondence with the channel assignment contents.

The on/off data is 1-bit data indicating whether each key on the keyboard 1 is pressed (on) or released (off). This on/off data indicates that when the damper pedal in the pedal group 12 is depressed, it will not turn off even if the key is released, and will not turn off until the damper pedal is released.
Turns on.

Therefore, if the same key is pressed many times while the damper pedal is depressed, the same key pick-up channel will be assigned each time the key is pressed.

The key pick-up is a value from "1" to "88" assigned to each key on the keyboard 1 starting from the bass side, and represents the pitch.

FIG. 3 shows weighting coefficient data.

This weighting coefficient data is data indicating the priority of channel allocation, and is stored as a different value for each key pick-up. This weighting coefficient data has a larger value on the bass side, which makes it more difficult to give up the channel to a new musical tone, and prevents the tone from disappearing midway.

When this weighting coefficient data is set in the assignment memory 8, the above-mentioned initial touch data ID indicating the key pressing speed and aftertouch data AD indicating the key pressing force are added and are in the form of composite weighting coefficient data. Set. Thereby, the priority of channel assignment is determined also according to the magnitude of initial touch and aftertouch. Note that the initial touch data ID and aftertouch data AD are not only added to the weighting coefficient data, but also weighted and added, or other characteristics of each data such as multiplication, subtraction, division, etc. Any form of arithmetic synthesis may be used as long as it can be synthesized. Then, when a new channel assignment is performed, the channel containing the smallest weighting coefficient data is selected, and a new musical tone is assigned.

In addition to the weighting coefficient data shown in Fig. 3, the weighting coefficient data may have a large value in the high-pitched range and the smallest value in the mid-range, or may have values that vary in each certain range. , it can take any form. Furthermore, the characteristics of the synthesis weighting coefficient data may be such that the smaller the value, the more difficult it is to surrender the channel to a new musical tone. In this case, the composite weighting coefficient data is added over time,
A new channel is assigned to the search channel area that has the largest combined weighting coefficient data.

Moreover, this weighting coefficient data may not be stored in the ROMIO, but may be obtained from the key pick-up value through arithmetic processing. For example, key pick-up "1" to "8"
If the weighting coefficient data is set to "88" to rlJ for "8", it can be obtained as (weighting coefficient data) - (89) - (key pick-up value). In addition, (weighting coefficient data) × (key pick-up value) - A, (weighting coefficient data) - (
(Key pick-up value) 1B)" +C (ASB and C are constants) may be calculated using a formula such as 51.

FIG. 4 shows a group of registers in RAM II. Register N is a register for counting the number of searches when searching each channel area of the assignment memory 8. Register Wnew, Wo l
In d, the weighting coefficient data of each channel area of the assignment memory 8 and its channel number are set,
Used to search for the channel with the smallest weighting coefficient data.

2. Configuration of key scan circuit 2 FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the key scan circuit 2. As shown in FIG.

The first switch group 31 and the second switch group 32 are a first switch and a second switch provided for each key of the keyboard 1.
shows a group with a switch. The first switch and the second switch have different contact intervals and are turned on at different timings. Therefore, the initial touch data ID is determined by the time difference between the on timings of these two switches.

The first switch group 31 and the second switch group 32 are electrically connected in a matrix and connected in a plurality of columns and a plurality of rows. Normally, switches for 12 keys for one octave are connected to one column, but other connection formats are also possible.Count data for key scanning is output from the counter 33, passed through the decoder 14, and then sent to the selector. 15 to the first switch group 31 or the second switch group 32. The decoder 14 outputs a scan data having the same number of bits as the number of columns of the first switch group 31 and the second switch group 32, and in particular, when the key is on, any bit is "1".

The scan result data from the first switch group 31 or the second switch group 32, that is, the on/off data of each switch in the scan column, is provided to the comparison circuit 17 via the selector 16. On the other hand, in the on/off memory 18, on/off data of each column of the first switch group 31 and the second switch group 32 is stored at each address, and the count data from the counter 33 is used as the address data. The on/off data of the same column as the column currently being scanned is read out. This read out on/off
The off data is provided to the comparison circuit 17 as previous on/off data. The comparison circuit 17 compares the previous on/off data and the new on/off data to determine whether the previous data is larger or the new data is larger.

If the key is previously in the key-off state and the key is now in the key-on state, the corresponding bit of the on/off data changes from "0" to "1", and the value of the on/off data itself becomes large. Therefore, the new on/off data will be larger. Conversely, if the key was previously in the key-on state and the key is now in the key-off state, the previous on/off data will be larger.

Among the comparison judgment signals of this comparison circuit 17, the new on/off
A>B signal when off data is large and previous on/on signal
The A<B signal when the off data is large is the on/off signal through the OR gate ORI and the delay circuit 19.
It is applied to the off-memory 18 as a write/read signal W/R. Thereby, when there is a change in the on/off data, that is, when there is a key-on or key-off, new on/off data is written to the on/off memory 18. This signal from ORI is an event signal indicating that there is a key-on or key-off.
It is given to CPU6. Further, the A>B signal when the new on/off data is large is given as is to the CPU 6, and indicates whether the event content is key-on (rlJ) or key-off (rOJ).

The on/off data from the selector 16 passes through the selector 20, the encoder 2l, and is latched by the latch 22, and is provided to the CPU 6 as key number data related to a key-on event. Further, the on/off data from the on/off memory 18 is passed through the selector 20, the encoder 21, and latched by the latch 22, and is stored in the CP as key number data related to the Kion event.
Given to U6. The A>B signal from the comparison circuit [7] is inputted to the selector 20 as a selection signal, and when the key is on, the on/off data from the selector 16 is selected, and when the key is off, the on/off data from the selector 16 is selected.
On/off data from on/off memory 18 is selected.

The data from the counter 33 is also manually inputted to the rasochi 22 as upper bit data, data indicating which column the latched data belongs to is added, and this is output as a key pick-up. An event signal from the OR gate ORI is input to this latch 22 as a latch signal.

The most significant bit data of the counter 33 is
The switch group 3 scans is the first switch group 31
or the second switch group 32. This first/second signal is given to the CPU 6 and indicates whether the switch where the event occurred is the first switch group 31 or the second switch group 32. The first/second signals are also applied to the selectors 15 and 16 as select signals to synchronize the selection of the switch groups to be scanned. Furthermore, this first/second signal is also given as the most significant bit data of the address data of the on/off memory 18, and the access area is set to the first switch group 3.
The on/off data of the first switch group 32 and the on/off data of the second switch group 32 are switched.

When a key-on event occurs in the first switch group 31, C
The PU 6 sets the key number and time data such as rl00J in the timing memory 23.

Then, the CPU 6 performs an interrupt process at regular intervals to add reduced data such as rO to the time data of rl00J.
．． 9J data is successively multiplied.

Next, when a key-on event occurs at the second switch group 32, the CPU 6 reads time data at the same key pick-up address from the timing memory 23 and outputs this as the initial touch data ID. This initial touch data ID may also be obtained when the key is turned off using a similar process. The timing memory 23 has a large number of addresses, and the write address data of the timing memory 23 is of a circular increment type in which it is incremented by 1 every time a write is made.

In addition to the above, this initial touch data ID
The reciprocal of the time count data from switch-on to second switch-on and this time count data TD are
The data may be in any form as long as it indicates the key pressing speed, such as data that has been subjected to arithmetic processing such as xp(-TD). Further, the key scanning of the first switch group 31 and the second switch group 32 may also be performed by program processing by the CPU 6. The pressure sensors 24... are provided for each key of the keyboard 1, and detect the key pressure of each key. This pressure sensor 24 uses a piezoelectric element or the like.

The output from this pressure sensor 24 is selected via an analog multiplexer 25, and the output of one of the pressure sensors 24 is selected via an A-D (analog-digital) converter 26 and latched into a latch 27. , is given to the CPU 6 as aftertouch data AD.

On the other hand, the counter 28 counts steps equal to or more than the total number of keys on the keyboard 1.
The count data of 8 is given to the analog multiplexer 25 as data for manual line switching. The count data of this counter 28 is also latched in a latch 29, and is given to the CPU 6 as key number data.

Each bit output from the A-D converter 26 is output as an event signal via an OR gate OR2. This event signal is given as a latch signal to the two latches 27 and also to the CPU 6.

Such aftertouch data AD and initial touch data ID are added to the above-mentioned weighting coefficient data to form composite weighting coefficient data.

In this case, the data to be added to the weighting coefficient data is aftertouch data AD or initial touch data ID.
Either of these may be used.

3. Key Processing FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of key processing, which forms one of the overall processes together with initialization processing, panel switch processing, etc. This entire process starts when the power is turned on.

In this process, the CPU 6 first detects a key-on event or Z . A. Determine whether there is a key-off event (steps 01, 0
2). If there is a key-on event, step 0 described below
Initial touch data creation processing in steps 3 to 06 and channel assignment processing in steps 08 to 14 are performed, and if there is a key-off event, key-off processing in steps 15 to 17 is performed. First, if the key-on is the first switch of each key on the keyboard 1 (step 05), the key pick-up and time data related to the key-on are written into the timing memory 23 (step 06). If the second switch is on (step 03), read the time data of the address where the key pick-up related to key-on is stored (step 04)
), this is set as the initial touch data ID.

Next, in the channel assignment process in response to a key-on event, first, the assignment memory 8 is searched to see if there is a channel area where the on/off data is in the off state (step 08). The most N h3t. The musical tone associated with the key-on event is assigned to the channel with the smaller weighting coefficient data (step 09).

In step 08 above, if there is no off-channel area, the musical tone related to the key-on event is assigned to the channel with the smallest synthesis weighting coefficient data (step 1
0).

Then, the combined weight coefficient data of all channel areas in the assignment memory 8 are each decremented by 1 (step 11), and the weight coefficient data corresponding to the key pick-up related to this key-on event is read from the ROMIO (step 12).

Next, the above-mentioned initial touch data ID and aftertouch data AD are added to the read weighting coefficient data to obtain composite weighting coefficient data (step 13).

Finally, various data related to the key-on event, ie, on/off data of the on state, key pick-up, composite weighting coefficient data, etc., are written in the allocated channel area (step 14).

The process of decrementing the composite weighting coefficient data by 1 in step 11 above may be performed by interrupt processing at regular intervals, or any other method may be used as long as it can be reduced over time. Further, the calculation form may be multiplication, division, addition, etc. in addition to -1.

If it is determined in step 02 that there is a key-off event, it is determined whether a damper-on event signal of the damper pedal is output from the pedal detection circuit 13 (step 15).

If the damper on event signal is not output, a channel area in which the same key pick-up as the key pick-up related to the key-off event is set is searched (step 16), and the on/off data of this channel area is cleared to set it to the off state. (Step 17).

Further, if the damper-on event signal is output in step 15, the key-off processing in steps 16-17 is not performed and the musical tone continues to sound. When the damper pedal is released and a damper-off event signal is output, key-off processing is performed by interrupt processing. This key-off processing is performed as follows. If the scan results from the key scan circuit 2 do not match each of the on/off data in each channel area of the assignment memory 8, the on/off data is switched from the on state to the off state.

Also in the process at the time of this key-off event, a process to obtain touch data may be performed.

In this case, after step 02, if the second switch is off, the key pick-up and time data related to the key-off are written in the timing memory 23 and the process returns. If the first switch is off, the time data of the memory address of the key pick-up related to the key off is read out, this is set as the off touch data, and the process proceeds to step 15.

4. Off-channel area search FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of the off-channel area search process in step 08 above.

In this process, first clear register N (step 2).
1), then add 1 to register N (step 22),
It is determined whether the on/off data of the channel area of the assignment memory 8 corresponding to the value of this register N is off (step 23).

If it is not in the off state, the search processing in steps 22 and 23 is repeated until the value of register N becomes "8" and the search processing is completed for all channels (step 24).

If an off-channel area is found in step 23 above, the process proceeds to step 09 above. Further, in step 24, if no off-channel area is found even after searching all channels, the process proceeds to step 10 described above.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the search process for the off-channel group having the minimum combination weighting coefficient data in step 09.

In this process, the CPU 6 first clears the register Wnew and sets the maximum value "11..." in the register W o 1 d.
1" (step 31), reads out the composite weighting coefficient data of the off-channel area searched in step 23 of FIG.
). If the combined weighting coefficient data in the register W new is smaller than the combined weighting coefficient data in the register Wold (step 33), the combined weighting coefficient data in the register Wnew is transferred to the register Wold (step 34).

Through the processing in steps 33 and 34, the channel number with the smallest combined weighting coefficient data and its combined weighting coefficient data are searched.

Then, this search process is continued until the value of register N becomes "8" and the search process is completed for all channels (step 35).
, the value of register N is incremented by 1 (step 36), and the process is performed only for the off-channel area (step 37). When the search for all channels is completed and the off-channel area group with the smallest combined weighting coefficient data is found (step 35), the process proceeds to step 11 in FIG. 5 described above.

Note that this process may be performed in the same form as the flowchart shown in FIG.

Minimum Combined Weighting Coefficient Data Search FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the search process for the channel having the minimum combined weighting coefficient data in the on-channel group in step 10.

In this process, the CPU 6 first clears the register Wnew, sets the maximum value "11...1" in the register Wold (step 41), clears the register N (step 42), and then sets the value of the register N. +1 (step 43) The combined weight coefficient data of the channel area of the assignment memory 8 corresponding to the value of this register N is read out and set in the register W new together with the channel number (step 44).

If the combined weighting coefficient data in the register Wnew is smaller than the combined weighting coefficient data in the register Wold (step 45), the combined weighting coefficient data in the register WneW is transferred to the register Wold (step 46). Through the processing of steps 45 and 46, the channel number with the smallest combined weighting coefficient data among the on-channel group and its combined weighting coefficient data are searched.

Next, this search process is continued until the value of register N becomes "8" and the search process is completed for all channels (step 47).
, repeat. After completing the search for all channels and searching for the one with the smallest combined weighting coefficient data, the process proceeds to step 11 in FIG. 6 described above.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the sound emission instruction state indicating the state of the sound emission instruction (speed, intensity, etc.) is determined based on the weighting coefficient data indicating the priority of channel allocation. Since the data is computationally synthesized and a new channel is assigned based on the value of this combined weighting coefficient data, the priority of channel assignment is determined according to the state of the sound emission instruction (speed, strength, etc.). is determined, and even if the state of the sound emission instruction changes, it is possible to reliably search for the musical tone that has decayed the most.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 9 show embodiments of the present invention.
The figure shows the overall circuit diagram, and Figure 2 shows the assignment memory 8.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the contents of weighting coefficient data stored in the ROM 10, and FIG.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the key scan circuit 2, FIG. 6 is a flowchart of key processing, and FIG. 7 is a flowchart of off-channel area search processing. , FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the minimum weighting coefficient data search process in the off-channel group, and FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the minimum weighting coefficient data search process in the on-channel group. 1...Keyboard, 2...Key scan circuit, 3.
...Panel switch group, 6...CPU, 7...Tone generator, 8...Assignment memory, 10.
...ROM111...RAM, 12...pedal group,
17... Comparison circuit, 18... On/off memory, 2
3... Timing memory, 25... Analog multiplexer, 28, 33... Counter, 31... First
switch group, 32... second switch group.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) It has a plurality of sound emission instruction means for instructing the emission of musical tones, and a plurality of musical tone generation channels corresponding to the maximum number of simultaneous pronunciations, which number is smaller than the number of the sound emission instruction means, and the musical tone generation channels are In an electronic musical instrument, the speed or strength of the sound emission instruction of the sound emission instruction means is detected in an electronic musical instrument equipped with a musical tone generating means that generates a musical tone of a pitch corresponding to the sound emission instruction means assigned to each channel. an instruction detection means; a weighting coefficient data outputting means for outputting weighting coefficient data indicating the priority of the channel allocation as a different value for each pitch or range; On the other hand, there is an arithmetic synthesis means for arithmetic and synthesis of the speed or strength data of the sound emitting instruction detected by the instruction detection means, and a synthesis weighting coefficient data which is arithmetic and synthesized by the arithmetic synthesis means, into the channel assignment contents. an assigned composite weighting coefficient data storage means for storing the assigned composite weighting coefficient data in a corresponding manner; a changing means for decreasing or increasing each composite weighting coefficient data stored in the assigned composite weighting coefficient data storing means over time; and a musical tone generating means. a search means for searching for the channel with the minimum or maximum weighting coefficient data among the plurality of allocated channels; and an allocation means for allocating the channel searched by the search means to the newly operated musical sound emitting means. A channel assignment device for an electronic musical instrument. (2) The channel allocation device for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the calculation/synthesis means adds data on the speed or intensity of the sound emission instruction to the weighting coefficient data. (3) The channel allocation device for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the weighting coefficient data storage means has a smaller weighting coefficient data as the pitch becomes larger, making it easier to allocate a new channel. (4) Claim 1, wherein the changing means is a means for changing all weighting coefficient data stored in the assigned weighting coefficient data storage means each time there is a new operation of the sound emission instructing means. The described electronic musical instrument channel assignment device.