JPH0315094B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0315094B2 JPH0315094B2 JP58028453A JP2845383A JPH0315094B2 JP H0315094 B2 JPH0315094 B2 JP H0315094B2 JP 58028453 A JP58028453 A JP 58028453A JP 2845383 A JP2845383 A JP 2845383A JP H0315094 B2 JPH0315094 B2 JP H0315094B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- tip
- metal
- temperature
- heating
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical group N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、主としてデイーゼル機関に装着さ
れ、始動時にシリンダー内又は副燃焼室内を予熱
するために効果的な急速加熱型グロープラグに関
するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rapid heating type glow plug that is mainly installed in a diesel engine and is effective for preheating the inside of a cylinder or sub-combustion chamber at the time of startup.
一般にデイーゼル機関は低温時における始動性
が悪いために、シリンダー又は副燃焼室内にグロ
ープラグを装着し、室内の温度を上昇させてエン
ジンの始動特性を向上させる方法がとられてお
り、始動時において急速な昇温特性を持つことが
要求される。 Diesel engines generally have poor startability at low temperatures, so a method is used to install a glow plug in the cylinder or sub-combustion chamber to raise the temperature inside the chamber and improve the engine's starting characteristics. It is required to have rapid temperature rise characteristics.
この目的を達成する急速加熱型グロープラグと
して、先端を閉塞した金属シース内にマグネシ
ア、アルミナ等の耐熱絶縁粉体を充填し、この中
にNi発熱線を埋設したメタル型グロープラグを
用いる従来例があるが、この種グロープラグは急
速な加熱電流を通電させると発熱線が溶断するお
それがあるので、これを防ぐ必要上、加熱時間や
温度を規制するためコントローラを用いて加熱電
流の制御を行うようにしたもので、高価となる以
外に発熱部が金属シースで覆われているため熱伝
導効率が悪いという欠点を持つものであつた。 A conventional example of a rapid heating glow plug that achieves this purpose is a metal glow plug in which a metal sheath with a closed end is filled with heat-resistant insulating powder such as magnesia or alumina, and a Ni heating wire is embedded within the metal sheath. However, with this type of glow plug, there is a risk that the heating wire may melt if a rapid heating current is applied, so in order to prevent this, a controller is used to control the heating current to regulate the heating time and temperature. In addition to being expensive, it had the drawback of poor heat conduction efficiency because the heat generating part was covered with a metal sheath.
また、他の従来例として、発熱線に特に耐熱性
のすぐれたタングステン（Ｗ）を用い、これを窒
化珪素（Si3N4）又は炭化珪素（SiC）等を主成
分とするセラミツク粉体中に埋設し焼結成形して
発熱体とし、急速加熱型セラミツクグロープラグ
として用いる場合があるが、この場合は発熱体が
金属シースに覆われていないため昇温効率が良
く、かつ発熱線に高耐熱金属を用いている為高温
時に於ても溶断するおそれは少ないが、急速昇温
による熱衝撃によりセラミツク割れを生ずるおそ
れがあるため、前記従来例の場合と同様に通電を
制御するコントローラその他の補助回路手段を必
要とする問題点があつた。 In addition, as another conventional example, tungsten (W), which has particularly excellent heat resistance, is used for the heating wire, and this is embedded in ceramic powder whose main component is silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) or silicon carbide (SiC). It is sometimes used as a rapid heating type ceramic glow plug by embedding the heating element in a ceramic glow plug and sintering it. Since heat-resistant metal is used, there is little risk of melting even at high temperatures, but there is a risk of ceramic cracking due to thermal shock caused by rapid temperature rise. There was a problem that required auxiliary circuit means.
急速加熱型グロープラグのさらに他の従来例と
しては、昇温効率をさらに向上させるため発熱線
をそのまゝ露出させて発熱体とし、この発熱体に
電流制限用抵抗体を直列に配置して接続した構造
をもつ自己制御型グロープラグがあるが、このグ
ロープラグの場合は、小電力量で急速昇温が可能
となり、さらに直列に接続されている抵抗体の温
度上昇に伴う抵抗増加によつて加熱電流が減少
し、発熱線が溶断しない範囲で温度が飽和するよ
うに規制されているので、特にコントローラ等に
よる制御手段を必要としない利点をもつものであ
るが、発熱部になんら被覆がないため発熱線に酸
化腐食を生じ易く耐久性が不十分である欠点をも
つものであつた。 Another conventional example of a rapid heating type glow plug is to expose the heating wire as a heating element and place a current limiting resistor in series with this heating element in order to further improve temperature raising efficiency. There are self-regulating glow plugs that have a connected structure, but this glow plug allows rapid temperature rise with a small amount of electricity, and also increases resistance due to the rise in temperature of the resistor connected in series. Since the heating current is reduced and the temperature is regulated so that the temperature is saturated within a range where the heating wire does not melt, it has the advantage of not requiring any control means such as a controller. As a result, the heating wires were susceptible to oxidation corrosion and had insufficient durability.
以上述べた如く従来の急速加熱型グロープラグ
は、急速な昇温による発熱線の溶断あるいは熱衝
撃によるセラミツク割れ等を防止するため加熱電
流を制御するコントローラその他の補助回路手段
を特に必要とし、システムが複雑化すると共に高
価なものとならざるを得なかつたり、又発熱線を
露出させた自己制御型グロープラグは発熱部の耐
久性が不十分である等、いずれも欠点を有するも
のであり、特に近時においては、グロープラグを
エンジン始動時に使用するのみでなく、始動後も
燃焼安定化のためのアフターグローとして長時間
使用する傾向となつており、グロープラグの電気
的ならびに化学的耐久性が特に必要とされてい
る。 As mentioned above, conventional rapid heating type glow plugs require a controller and other auxiliary circuit means to control the heating current in order to prevent heating wires from melting due to rapid temperature rise or ceramic cracking due to thermal shock. All of these have drawbacks, such as being complicated and expensive, and self-regulating glow plugs with exposed heating wires having insufficient durability. Especially in recent years, there has been a trend that glow plugs are not only used when starting an engine, but also used for a long time after engine startup as an afterglow to stabilize combustion. is especially needed.
本発明は、このような実情に鑑み、発熱部の耐
久性を向上させ、かつ前記各従来例についての問
題点を解決した自己制御機能を有するグロープラ
グを提供しようとするものであつて、発熱部に、
高耐熱金属の発熱線をセラミツク粉体中に埋設し
焼結成型してなるセラミツクヒーターを用いると
ともに金属外筒の先端開口端より露出して先端部
に固着され、又これに接続する電流制限用抵抗体
としては、先端を閉塞した耐熱金属管内に耐熱絶
縁粉末が充填され、その中に一端を金属管先端に
溶接接続し、他端を外部への導出電極となる中軸
に接続した金属抵抗線を埋設してなるシーズ抵抗
体を用い、両者を取付金具内腔に設けた金属外筒
内で直列に接続してなる構造をもつものである。 In view of these circumstances, the present invention aims to provide a glow plug having a self-control function that improves the durability of the heat generating part and solves the problems of the above-mentioned conventional examples. In the department,
A ceramic heater is used in which a heat-generating wire made of a highly heat-resistant metal is embedded in ceramic powder and then sintered, and the current limiting device is exposed from the open end of the metal outer cylinder and fixed to the tip, and connected to this. The resistor is a heat-resistant metal tube whose tip is closed and filled with heat-resistant insulating powder, and one end of which is welded to the tip of the metal tube, and the other end is connected to a central shaft that serves as an external electrode. It has a structure in which both are connected in series within a metal outer cylinder provided in the inner cavity of the mounting fitting.
以下本発明の実施例につき、付図を用いて説明
する。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は、本発明自己制御型グロープラグの実
施例についての縦断面図を示したものであり、先
端部に設けたセラミツクヒーター１は第２図イ及
びロにその要部を示す如く、ゼンマイコイル状に
巻回した発熱線２を例えばSi3N4を主成分とする
セラミツク粉体中に埋設してデイスク形状に予備
成型を行なつた後、ホツトプレス法でセラミツク
を焼結させ、研磨あるいは研削加工により外形仕
上してなるものである。又抵抗体３は、コイル状
金属抵抗線３ａをSUS、インコネル鉄、銅等の
金属管３ｂに配設し、その片端が金属管３ｂの先
端部に溶接され、他端は外部への導出電極とな
る中軸４へ接続されて、これら構成部を埋設する
ように金属管３ｂ内に例えばMgOの耐熱絶縁粉
末５を充填してなるものである。 FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of the self-regulating glow plug of the present invention, and the ceramic heater 1 provided at the tip has the main parts shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. The heating wire 2 wound in the shape of a spring coil is buried in, for example, ceramic powder mainly composed of Si 3 N 4 and preformed into a disk shape, and then the ceramic is sintered using a hot press method and polished. Alternatively, the outer shape may be finished by grinding. In addition, the resistor 3 has a coiled metal resistance wire 3a arranged in a metal tube 3b made of SUS, Inconel iron, copper, etc., one end of which is welded to the tip of the metal tube 3b, and the other end is an electrode led out to the outside. A heat-resistant insulating powder 5 of, for example, MgO is filled in the metal tube 3b so as to connect to the central shaft 4 and bury these components.
抵抗体３の外側には、金属外筒６が嵌挿され、
その内腔部の間隙にガラス充填剤７が充填され
て、抵抗体３と金属外筒６とが絶縁して固着され
ており、金属外筒６の先端部には、セラミツクヒ
ーター１がその外周面を金属外筒内腔にろう接し
て取付けられるとともに先端開口端より露出して
おり、同時にゼンマイコイル状発熱線２の端部２
ａが金属外筒６に、又中心から引き出された端部
２ｂは抵抗体の金属管３ｂの先端３b′にろう接さ
れている。而して金属外筒６の後端部には、取付
金具８がろう接されて電極となり、中軸４が絶
縁体９を介在して絶縁され、丸ナツト１０で締付
固定されて、セラミツクヒーター１と抵抗体３が
電気的に直列に接続された構造をもつようになさ
れたものである。なお、金属管３ｂと金属外筒６
とは上記ガラス充填剤７を省略してもよい。即ち
金属外筒６内に予め金属管３ｂを挿入すると共に
その金属外筒の外周を径方向に圧縮することによ
つて一体化したものが使用できる。また前記せる
セラミツクヒーター１に用いる発熱線２と、これ
に直列に挿入接続される抵抗体３の抵抗線３ａに
は、すぐれた発熱制御機能をもたせるため、抵抗
温度係数が正の特性をもちこの両者間に成る可く
温度−抵抗係数（常温における抵抗値と、1000℃
の高温時における抵抗値との比）に差のあるもの
を用いることが望ましく、出来得れば、発熱線２
の線材には、前記温度−抵抗係数が３倍以下のも
のを用い、抵抗線の線材としては５倍以上となる
ようなものを組合せ用いるのが好ましいものであ
るが、本実施例に於ては発熱線２の線材としてタ
ングステン（Ｗ）を、また抵抗線３ａの線材には
発熱線２より温度−抵抗係数の大きいニツケル
（Ni）、鉄（Fe）等を用いた。 A metal outer cylinder 6 is fitted on the outside of the resistor 3,
A glass filler 7 is filled in the gap in the inner cavity, and the resistor 3 and the metal outer tube 6 are insulated and fixed, and the ceramic heater 1 is attached to the tip of the metal outer tube 6 on its outer periphery. The surface is soldered to the inner cavity of the metal outer cylinder and is exposed from the open end, and at the same time, the end 2 of the spring coil-shaped heating wire 2
A is soldered to the metal outer cylinder 6, and the end 2b drawn out from the center is soldered to the tip 3b' of the metal tube 3b of the resistor. A mounting bracket 8 is soldered to the rear end of the metal outer cylinder 6 to serve as an electrode, and the center shaft 4 is insulated with an insulator 9 interposed therebetween, and is tightened and fixed with a round nut 10 to form a ceramic heater. 1 and a resistor 3 are electrically connected in series. In addition, the metal tube 3b and the metal outer cylinder 6
The above glass filler 7 may be omitted. That is, it is possible to use a structure in which the metal tube 3b is inserted in advance into the metal outer cylinder 6 and the outer periphery of the metal outer cylinder is compressed in the radial direction. In addition, the heating wire 2 used in the ceramic heater 1 mentioned above and the resistance wire 3a of the resistor 3 inserted and connected in series with the heating wire 2 have a positive temperature coefficient of resistance in order to have an excellent heat generation control function. Possible temperature-resistance coefficient between the two (resistance value at room temperature and resistance value at 1000℃)
It is desirable to use wires that have a difference in resistance (to the resistance value at high temperatures), and if possible,
It is preferable to use a wire rod with a temperature-resistance coefficient of 3 times or less, and a combination of wire rods with a resistance coefficient of 5 times or more as the resistance wire rod. Tungsten (W) was used as the wire for the heating wire 2, and nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), etc., which had a larger temperature-resistance coefficient than the heating wire 2, was used for the resistance wire 3a.
発熱線２と抵抗線３ａの線材を、前記せる如く
選び組合せ直列に接続したことにより、加熱電流
の通電による急速昇温時において、抵抗線３ａの
温度−抵抗係数が、発熱線２のそれより大である
ことにより、抵抗線３ａの抵抗が発熱線２より速
かに増大し加熱電流を減少せしめ、ヒーター部の
発熱線２の過熱が防止されることとなるものであ
る。 By selecting the wires of the heating wire 2 and the resistance wire 3a as described above and connecting them in series, the temperature-resistance coefficient of the resistance wire 3a is lower than that of the heating wire 2 when the temperature is rapidly rising due to heating current. By being large, the resistance of the resistance wire 3a increases faster than that of the heating wire 2, reducing the heating current, and preventing the heating wire 2 of the heater section from overheating.
因みに本実施例によるグロープラグに通電し、
急速に昇温（900℃到達６秒以内）させ、通電を
そのまゝ継続したときのヒーター部の温度を実測
した結果、1150℃以内に飽和することを立証し得
た。 Incidentally, when the glow plug according to this embodiment is energized,
As a result of actually measuring the temperature of the heater section when the temperature was rapidly raised (reaching 900°C within 6 seconds) and electricity continued as it was, we were able to prove that the temperature reached saturation within 1150°C.
以上の説明から理解されるように、本発明によ
る自己制御型グロープラグは、発熱部に、高耐熱
発熱線をセラミツク中に埋設した高性能を有する
セラミツクヒーターを用いるとともに金属外筒の
先端開口端より露出して固着されているため、使
用条件及び使用環境下において電気的ならびに化
学的安定性に優れている他、このヒーターに直列
に接続する金属抵抗体の線材に、その温度−抵抗
係数がヒーターの発熱線のそれより大であるもの
を用いて先端が閉鎖した金属管内に絶縁埋設した
ものと組合わせているので、通電昇温時に於て
は、抵抗体の抵抗値が発熱線の抵抗値より速かに
増大することによつて加熱電流を減少させ自己制
御により発熱体の過熱を防止出来しかもセラミツ
クヒーターと抵抗体との電気的接続が容易になし
得るもので、従来の如く、高価かつ繁雑な通電制
御用コントローラ等を特に必要としない為コスト
低下をはかり得る利点を併せ持ち、従来の欠点、
問題点を改善した自己制御型グロープラグを提供
出来るものである。 As can be understood from the above description, the self-regulating glow plug according to the present invention uses a high-performance ceramic heater in which a high heat-resistant heating wire is embedded in the ceramic in the heat generating part, and the open end of the metal outer cylinder. Because it is more exposed and fixed, it has excellent electrical and chemical stability under the usage conditions and environment, and the temperature-resistance coefficient of the metal resistor wire connected in series with this heater A wire that is larger than the heater's heating wire is used, and is insulated and buried in a metal tube with a closed end.When the current is applied and the temperature rises, the resistance value of the resistor is equal to the resistance of the heating wire. By increasing the heating current faster than the current value, it is possible to prevent the heating element from overheating through self-control, and the electrical connection between the ceramic heater and the resistor can be easily made, which eliminates the need for expensive conventional ceramic heaters. It also has the advantage of reducing costs because it does not require a complicated current control controller, etc., and eliminates the disadvantages of conventional methods.
It is possible to provide a self-regulating glow plug that has improved the problems.
第１図は本発明自己制御型グロープラグの実施
例縦断面図、第２図は、第１図におけるセラミツ
クヒーターの要部を示したものでイは正面図、ロ
はイのＸ−Ｘ線における縦断面図であり、又第３
図は、第１図における抵抗体を示す縦断面図であ
る。
１：セラミツクヒーター、２：発熱線、３：抵
抗体、３ａ：抵抗線、３ｂ：金属管、４：中軸、
５：絶縁粉末、６：金属外筒、７：ガラス充填
剤、８：取付金具。
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the self-regulating glow plug of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows the main parts of the ceramic heater in Fig. 1, where A is a front view and B is an X-X line of A. It is a vertical cross-sectional view of the third
The figure is a longitudinal sectional view showing the resistor in FIG. 1. 1: Ceramic heater, 2: Heat generating wire, 3: Resistor, 3a: Resistance wire, 3b: Metal tube, 4: Center shaft,
5: Insulating powder, 6: Metal outer cylinder, 7: Glass filler, 8: Mounting hardware.
Claims (1)
ため、機関取付金具内の先端部に設けた発熱体
に、電流制御用の抵抗体が直列に接続されてなる
自己制御型グロープラグにおいて、前記機関取付
金具先端部に設ける発熱体として、セラミツク焼
結体中に発熱線を埋設してなるセラミツクヒータ
ーを用いるとともに金属外筒の先端開口端より露
出して先端部内腔に固着され、先端を閉塞した金
属管内に耐熱絶縁粉末が充填され、その中に、一
端が金属管の先端に接続され、他端を外部への導
出電極となる中軸に接続した金属抵抗線を埋設し
てなる電流制御用のシーズ抵抗体が、取付金具内
腔に設けた金属外筒内で、前記セラミツクヒータ
ーと直列に接続されていることを特徴とする自己
制御型グロープラグ。1. In a self-control glow plug in which a resistor for current control is connected in series to a heating element provided at the tip of an engine mounting bracket in order to control the temperature of the heating element when the temperature is increased by energization, the above-mentioned As the heating element installed at the tip of the engine mounting bracket, a ceramic heater with heating wires embedded in a ceramic sintered body is used, and it is exposed from the open end of the metal outer cylinder and fixed in the inner cavity of the tip, closing the tip. For current control, a metal tube is filled with heat-resistant insulating powder, and a metal resistance wire is buried inside the metal tube, with one end connected to the tip of the metal tube and the other end connected to the center shaft that serves as the lead-out electrode to the outside. A self-regulating glow plug characterized in that a sheathed resistor is connected in series with the ceramic heater within a metal outer cylinder provided in the inner cavity of the mounting fitting.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2845383A JPS59157424A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | Self-control type glow plug |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2845383A JPS59157424A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | Self-control type glow plug |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59157424A JPS59157424A (en) | 1984-09-06 |
| JPH0315094B2 true JPH0315094B2 (en) | 1991-02-28 |
Family
ID=12249081
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2845383A Granted JPS59157424A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | Self-control type glow plug |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59157424A (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57183466U (en) * | 1981-05-14 | 1982-11-20 |
-
1983
- 1983-02-24 JP JP2845383A patent/JPS59157424A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59157424A (en) | 1984-09-06 |
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