JPH03118485A - Wiring tester - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To test the state of wirings securely and safely without application of a voltage by providing a circuit for switching the different frequencies or sign signals for every constant time or for adding the frequencies of the signals between electrodes at the same time, and providing a circuit for judging the signal component detected at the end of the wiring. CONSTITUTION:A signal detecting part (WT-D) detects the signal train outputted from a signal sending part (WT-S). To remove noises and the like for detecting the signal train, the signals other than the carrier wave of 40kHz is removed utmost. The waveform distorsion of the signals which have passed through electric paths is corrected. A slave microprocessor (SMP) analyzes the signal train and sends a signal L1-N, a signal L2-N, a signal L1-L2 and a signal E-N to a master microprocessor (MMP). Since the load is too much when all the signals are judged in the MMP, the signals are sent to the MMP only when the signal arrives from the SMP. The MMP judges the polarity at all times.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Field of Industrial Application" The present invention relates to a wiring tester for testing whether an electric path from an indoor distribution board to a terminal outlet is properly wired.

``Problems to be solved by conventional technology and inventions'' In general indoor electrical circuits, the wiring from the distribution board to the terminal outlet is routed through the ceiling, floor, and walls using conduit and cables, so humans cannot see it with the naked eye. I can't check whether the wiring is correct by looking at it. For this reason, the conventional method of checking the wiring status is to check the wiring status such as polarity and load balance by applying the voltage of the regular power supply between all poles and measuring the voltage value of the terminal outlet. Was. In such tests under live wire conditions, incorrect wiring may damage the test equipment or load equipment or cause an electric shock accident. Therefore, the present invention is intended to test wiring electrical circuits in a non-voltage state to easily, reliably, and safely test the wiring conditions of electrical circuits, such as voltage, polarity, load balance, and grounding wire.

"Means and effects for solving the problem" It is equipped with a circuit that applies different frequency or coded signals between each pole by switching at regular intervals or simultaneously, and a circuit that determines the signal component detected at the wiring terminal, By injecting a unique signal at a low voltage from the panel side to each phase and receiving that signal from the terminal outlet side where you want to check the wiring path, you can check whether the wiring path is appropriate and which phase is being wired. Check.

"Example" As shown in Fig. 1, in a single-phase three-wire electrical circuit, in the live state, 100V is applied between L and -N, and 100V is applied between LAN.
It is specified that 200 µ is applied between LI and Lt, and the N pole is connected to the ground and placed on the left side when facing the outlet.

Therefore, this wiring tester performs the following tests without voltage.

■ Is the LI N wiring done, and is the N pole on the left side of the outlet? ■ Is the LzN wiring done, and is the N pole on the left side of the outlet? ■ Is the LI Lx wiring done? ■ Distribution board Is the ground wiring between the terminal and the outlet not completed or incorrectly connected? Is the wiring properly through the ground terminal (E)? Is it possible to send a signal between E and N and receive the signal at the terminal outlet? confirmation.

This wiring tester consists of a signal sending unit (WT-3) that sends a signal to the distribution board as shown in Figure 1, and a signal detecting unit (WT-3) that receives a signal from the terminal outlet whose wiring route you want to check.
D). Then, the measurement shown in FIG. 2 can be performed.

FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the operating principle of the signal sending section (WT-3).

As a measurement target ■ LI N ■　LzN ■　L　＋　　L　! ■ E-N Since there are 04 electrical circuits, four unique signals are created.

As shown in FIG. 4, the signal generated between L and -N is signal train 1. A signal train 2 is generated between Lt and N, a signal train 3 is generated between LILz, and a signal train 4 is generated between E and N. These signals are time-divided signals.

When signal train 1 detects approximately 0.5, then signal train 2 detects approximately 0.5.
5 is detected, then signal train 3 is detected for about 0.5 seconds, and signal train 4 is detected for about 0.5 seconds. When signal string 4 ends, signal string 1 is output, followed by signal string 2, signal string 3, and signal string 4, and this is repeated.

When signal string 1 is detected, it is determined that it is an electrical path between -N. When detecting signal string 2, the electric path between -N, when detecting signal string 3, when detecting the electric path between -Lt, and signal string 4, E-
It is determined that it is an electric path between N.

A drive circuit is a circuit that outputs these signal example 1, signal train 2, signal train 3, and signal train 4. As for the human power of the drive circuit, the signal train 1, the signal train 2, the signal train 3, and the signal train 4 change rapidly in 0.5 second increments, and the signal train mentioned above.
-N, Lt-N, L.

There is a timing circuit that distributes signals between -L, between, and between E and N, respectively.

The structure of the signal train is shown in FIG.

One signal train consists of approximately 7 signals (1 word) of 4!60m5 signals. The expression "signal string" is used because the same l word is repeated seven times. 1
The word signal consists of a head pulse, a custom code, and a data code. The signal detection unit (WT-D) analyzes the code.

It is determined whether the signal is N, Lz N, LI Lz or E N. One word is repeated seven times to make a distinction. In order to prevent malfunctions, the signal detection section (WT-D) is provided with a function that determines that it is noise unless two consecutive one-word signals are received. The head pulse is used as a rising signal for sending the custom code and data code.The custom code is a manufacturer's own code, and the data code is -
N.

There are four different types: LxN and LILTLEN, and a maximum of 256 signals can be sent with 8 bits, but only 4 are used here. The IC for outputting this signal is a very common one used in television remote controls, stereo remote controls, and the like. With custom code,
The time width for the next signal (where the width is wide and where it takes a long time) is marked as "0", and the time width is narrow as "1". Furthermore, one of the rising pulses in the "l" part is 0.5ms, 8.3μ3, and the period is 25μ.
A 40 KHz carrier wave of s is used.

Next, the signal detection section (WT-D) will be explained.

In the signal detection unit (WT-D), as shown in Figure 6, it is necessary to discriminate the signal received from the line terminal, and since it is sent as a signal train as described above, the signal train is analyzed. Check whether the L+N, Lx N, L+L, , E-N is determined (signal detection section) and whether the line side and neutral side of L and N are wired correctly, that is, the N pole is placed on the left side of the outlet. It has a function (polarity discriminator) to determine whether the polarity is the same or not.

The signal detection section is a section that detects a signal train sent out from the signal sending section (WT-3). In order to detect the signal train, it is necessary to remove noise, etc., and remove signals other than the 40KH2 carrier wave as much as possible, and further shape the waveform to correct the waveform distortion of the signal train that has passed through the electric circuit.

A slave microprocessor (microcontroller IC) is a "slave" while a master microprocessor is "master".
(operation to supplement the master side), the signal train is analyzed, and the master microprocessor (microcontroller I
Send to C). A master microprocessor controls the light emitting diode LEDs of each display. The slave microprocessor is provided to process all signals separately since it would be too burdensome to have the master microprocessor judge all the signals. slave micro
The master microprocessor sends a signal to the master microprocessor only when a signal is received by the processor, and the master microprocessor constantly performs polarity determination.

The polarity is determined by a polarity determining section. Signal sending unit (WT-3
) is a DC voltage, so the flowing current has polarity.

The case of normal connection will be explained with reference to FIG. By repeatedly turning the switch on and off at a frequency of 40KH2, a carrier wave signal is output to the electric path. If the signal is DC, the L side is assumed to be (+) and the N side is assumed to be (-). The L side of the signal detection section (WT-D) is Ll
If it matches, current will only flow to the resistor R6 side. When current flows through resistor R3, it indicates positive connection.

FIG. 8 shows a case where the electric circuits are connected in reverse.

Since current flows only from (+) to (-), it now flows only through resistor R2, and when current flows through resistor R2, it indicates a reverse connection.

This principle is used to determine the polarity, and this signal is sent to the master microprocessor, which lights the light emitting diode LE.
Control D.

Next, a specific circuit will be explained.

The drive circuit will be explained from the signal sending section (WT-3), and the signal detecting section and polarity detecting section will be explained about the signal detecting section (WT-D).

FIG. 9 shows the drive circuit, and FIG. 10 shows the carrier signal.

There are four electrical circuits: L+, Lx, N, and E. The beam that actually has to carry the signal is -NSL.

It is between N, L+ Lg, and E N. The reason why the circuit is somewhat complicated is to ensure that when a signal is applied between L and -N, no signal is applied to other circuits.

In the figure, Cont and +Stgn mean control symbols and signals. To explain the operation, Con
When a signal enters t,1, transistor Q, turns on,
Then transistor Q! is turned on, and a state is reached in which a voltage can be generated at Ll. When a voltage is applied between the base and emitter of transistor Q,
1 is turned on and the potential of the collector falls to ground, so current flows from the base of transistor Q2 through the resistance of 1.2 Ω and through the resistance of IOKΩ, so that transistor Q2 is turned on. When transistor Q2 is turned on, a voltage is generated at the collector of transistor Q3 through a resistor of 1.2Ω, through the emitter of transistor Q2, and through the collector. The signal train is S when voltage is generated.
When ign reaches 1, the transistor Q3 repeats on and off. The collector of transistor Q:l repeats becoming 5■ and O■. That voltage is placed on Ll.

When there is no signal on Cont, 1, transistor Q1 and transistor Qt are not turned on, so even if transistor Q is repeatedly turned on and off when there is no voltage, no voltage is applied to Cont. Cont, if the signal does not rise to 1, S
Even if a signal enters ing, 1, the signal does not come out to Ll. Ll is in a high impedance state. In other words, it is neither a 5■ state nor a ground 0■ state. This circuit is a three-state circuit having three states: a high impedance state, a 5-state, and an O-state. The reason why it is necessary to have a three-state circuit is L, beam, -N, and L.

This is because it is also used in L2. To distinguish it, L2
A distinction is made between setting N to high impedance and N to high impedance.

When applying L and -N signals, 5V of Cont, 4 is applied at the same time as the signal is sent from L.

Then, the transistor Q4 is turned on, so that when the transistor Q4 is turned on, the signals of O■ and 5■ generated at L, enter N through the load. At that time, it would be a problem if the current returned to L2 and E, so L2 and E are kept in a high impedance state. In other words, a state is maintained in which no current flows.

Conversely, when handling the L+Lz signal, the Ll circuit repeats on and off, but the transistor Q of the L2 circuit is turned on. Transistor Q1, transistor Q
2 is not turned on. Then, the equivalent Cont, 4 becomes the same. I'm the one doing that.

Now is the time to put a signal on L2.

When L and -N are present, L2 is repeatedly turned on and off in the same way, and Cont and 4 are activated so that the signal output from L2 returns to N.

In the case of E-N, repeat the on/off operation on the E side, then activate Cont and 4 so that the signal output from E returns to N.

Figure 10 shows carrier signals, L, -N, L, -N, L+
It shows a state in which signals are distributed to -Lx and EN, respectively, and also shows the structure of the signal string. In addition,
For details of the structure, refer to the explanation in FIG. 5 above.

Next, the signal detection circuit will be explained with reference to FIG.

This is a circuit that resonates at a frequency of 40KH2 of a power line carrier transformer set to a resonance frequency of 40KH2. The coil inductance and capacitor C form a resonant circuit with a frequency of 40KH2. The signal of 40Kll□ passes through the secondary side circuit, but the signals of other frequencies cannot pass through the secondary side. Capacitor C has a capacitance of 0.022μF and is 40KH2
It is set to pass the signal of the frequency of , but even if commercial frequencies such as 50H2 and 60H2 come in, they will not pass because the impedance is high.

The 0.15 μF capacitor is simply provided to resonate at the 40KH2 frequency. The resistor on the secondary side smoothes the sharpness of the resonant circuit and allows it to operate not only at 40KH2 but also at 35 to 45KH2, and is called a Q-dump.

Two diodes are inserted in opposite directions, and this is a limiter that absorbs surges.

The polarity detection circuit will be explained with reference to FIG.

A resistance of 120Ω and IMΩ between the terminal of the electric circuit and the N terminal
There is a resistance of When current flows from the L terminal to the N terminal, with an IMΩ resistor, the upper side (+) and lower side shown in the diagram are (
−). After this, two comparators are provided. A comparator has (+) and (-) input terminals, and if a higher voltage is applied to the (+) terminal than the (-) terminal, the output becomes (+). Conversely, if the voltage at the (-) terminal becomes higher than the (+) terminal, the comparator output will be (
−). The resistor and capacitor between the input and output of the comparator provide hysteresis. The upper comparator has (+) connected to the (+) terminal and (-) connected to the (-) terminal.
enters. In this case, the voltage at the (+) terminal is higher than that at the (-) terminal, so the output becomes (+). The lower comparator is (−
The potential of the ) terminal is higher than that of the (+) terminal, so the output is negative.

Conversely, if current flows from the N terminal side to the mustard terminal side, IM
The lower side of the resistance of Ω is (+) and the upper side is (-). The output of the lower comparator becomes (+), and the output of the upper comparator becomes (-).

Therefore, when (-) appears at the output of the upper comparator, it is a positive connection. (=) to the output of the lower comparator
When it appears, it is judged as a reverse connection signal.

The circuit after the comparator is a circuit that reduces noise or induced current in the electrical circuit to prevent malfunction.

As described above, the overall results of the determinations made by the signal detection circuit shown in FIG. 11 and the polarity detection circuit shown in FIG. 12 of the signal detection section can be determined using the measurement result determination chart shown in FIG.

The above describes an example of a single-phase three-wire system, but it is exactly the same for a three-phase system, and an example was also described where different frequencies or coded signals are switched at regular intervals and added between each pole. It is also possible to apply different frequencies or coded signals between each pole simultaneously.

"Effect of the Invention" The present invention detects the wiring condition of a single-phase or three-phase non-voltage indoor electrical circuit by applying a measurement signal between each pole of the indoor electrical circuit, detecting the signal at the wiring terminal of the indoor electrical circuit, and determining the presence or absence of the signal. A wiring tester that tests the wiring condition of indoor electrical circuits by making judgments, and is a circuit that applies different frequency or code signals at fixed intervals or simultaneously between each pole, and a circuit that judges signal components detected at wiring terminals. Since this is a wiring tester, it is possible to test the wiring condition in a non-voltage state and also to know which phase is wired.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall outline of the wiring tester of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram for determining measurement results by the wiring tester of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram of the operating principle of the signal transmitter (WT-5) of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the drive circuit of the signal transmitting section (WT-3), Fig. 5 is a diagram explaining the structure of the signal train, and Fig. 6 is the operating principle of the signal detecting section (WT-D) of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram explaining the polarity determination unit when it is connected in the correct direction, Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram explaining the case in which it is reversely connected, Fig. 9 is the drive circuit diagram, Fig. 10 is the carrier signal diagram, and Fig. The figure is a signal detection circuit diagram, and FIG. 12 is a polarity detection circuit diagram. L+'Lz ・E-N...Electric circuit WT-3...
Signal transmitter WT-D...signal detector

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) The wiring condition of a single-phase or three-phase non-voltage indoor electrical circuit can be determined by applying a measurement signal between each pole of the indoor electrical circuit, detecting the signal at the wiring terminal of the indoor electrical circuit, and determining the presence or absence of the signal. A wiring tester for testing wiring conditions, which has a circuit that switches different frequencies or coded signals at regular intervals and applies them between each pole, and a circuit that determines signal components detected at wiring terminals. (2) The wiring condition of a single-phase or three-phase non-voltage indoor electrical circuit can be determined by applying a measurement signal between each pole of the indoor electrical circuit, detecting the signal at the wiring terminal of the indoor electrical circuit, and determining the presence or absence of the signal. A wiring tester for testing wiring conditions, the wiring tester having a circuit that simultaneously applies different frequency or encoded signals between each pole, and a circuit that determines signal components detected at wiring terminals.