JPH03115664A - Three-dimensional factory - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To horizontally extend production line by assembling at least either of an article storing shelf and a production line supporting structure into a three-dimensional lattice with framework members to provide a constitution capable of assembling and overhauling. CONSTITUTION:Two article storing shelves 1 are adjacently provided in the center, a production line supporting structure 3 is disposed in multilayer through a carrying device 2 on one side of each article storing shelf 1. In this case, the article storing shelf 1 and the production line supporting structure 3 are formed of a plurality of racks 10 in which framework members 11 having a fixed module are assembled into a three-dimensional lattice. On each layer of the production line supporting structure 3, for example, a production line such as assembling conveyor and assembling robot is disposed, necessary parts for processing and assembling are taken out from the article storing shelf 1 by the carrying device 2. Hence, the horizontal and three-dimensional extension, contraction and change of the production line are facilitated, and costs for equipment and maintenance can be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a three-dimensional factory, and particularly to a two-dimensional two-dimensional factory on a production line.
The present invention relates to a three-dimensional factory that can be enlarged, reduced, and changed three-dimensionally, is easy to manage and expand/renovate, and has less air conditioning load.

(Conventional technology) Conventionally, factories for assembling and manufacturing automobiles, electrical equipment2, and various other types of equipment have generally been one-story or low-rise buildings with two or three floors in order to facilitate assembly line work using belt conveyors. Met.

However, in recent years, in order to make effective use of land, the production line has been constructed with multi-stage high-rise racks A to C, as shown in Figure 10, and between each high-rise rack A and C there is a A high-rise factory with lids D, E, and F (Japanese Patent Publication No. 48
-18879), or, as shown in Figure 11, a high-rise structure in which the article production room a is configured in multiple times and a common article storage shelf is provided along at least one side of the multiple time production room a. A factory of
issue).

In the high-rise factory shown in FIG. The operation of transporting products to one of the floors is repeated, creating a so-called three-dimensional production line.

In addition, in the high-rise factory shown in Fig. 11 above, air conditioning equipment f, M light maintenance and production line g are installed in each article production room a on each floor, which is composed of partition wall C1, ceiling d, and floor e. The production line g and the above-mentioned common article storage shelves are communicated via an article delivery device. The actual receiving and passing of goods, etc. is carried out through the goods transfer port 1 formed at a predetermined location on the partition wall C, and the goods transfer port i is configured according to the process of the production line. A T-shape is formed at a desired position.

By adopting the configuration as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 above, construction can be made in urban areas where land prices are high, and urban factories can be built near consumption areas, which have been reconsidered recently.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the above-described conventional high-rise factories have the following problems.

■Fixed floor and wall structures mainly function as human living spaces, resulting in higher floor heights and lower density of mechanical equipment, leading to higher construction and maintenance costs.

■ Changing and relocating the production line takes time and effort, and
In order to introduce new equipment that exceeds the floor height, it was necessary to perform construction work such as drilling a hole in a part of the floor slab.

■Air conditioning equipment must be installed on each floor, which increases not only the equipment cost but also the maintenance cost.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to enable the production line to expand horizontally, to easily accommodate changes in the design of the production line, and to enable it to be used as an urban factory. Our goal is to propose an optimal three-dimensional factory with low air conditioning load.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes a common article storage shelf spanning multiple layers and a production line support structure provided on at least one side of the article storage shelf. In the three-dimensional factory, at least one of the article storage side and the production line support structure is assembled into a three-dimensional lattice shape using frame members, and is configured to be freely assembled and dismantled.

(Function) In the present invention, a common article storage shelf spanning multiple layers can be used for automobiles,
Parts for electrical equipment and other types of machinery.

It serves as temporary storage for work-in-process and finished products.

A structure for supporting the production line on one side of this article storage shelf serves as a structure for each floor of the factory, and the production line for the above-mentioned machine is constructed and supported within this structure.

The second (h body or the above article storage shelf is the frame part + 4
It has a jungle gym-like structure with multiple racks assembled in a three-dimensional lattice pattern that can be assembled and dismantled at will.

Then, in response to requests for expansion or contraction of the production line, the above racks are increased or decreased, and the production line is expanded.

The article storage shelf can be expanded or contracted two-dimensionally or three-dimensionally.

In this way, parts and the like are transported from the product storage shelf to a production line that can be expanded and contracted in two-dimensional and three-dimensional terms, where operations such as assembly and manufacturing are performed, and finished products and the like are stored again on the product storage shelf.

The multiple racks that make up the production line support structure and article storage shelves are constructed in a three-dimensional lattice shape using frame members (e.g. steel vibrators, etc.) as described above, so they have excellent transparency. It has a good temperament and can reduce the number and capacity of air conditioning and lighting during the above work.

(Embodiments) Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a factory according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the inside of FIG. 1, showing an example of the arrangement of racks.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, there are two article storage shelves 1. ] is provided adjacent to each article storage 111QI.

A production line supporting structure 3.3 is arranged in multiple layers on one side of the production line 1 via a transport device 2.2 (such as a stacker crane or a device with equivalent running, lifting, and moving functions).

The above article storage shelves 1, 1 and the production line support structure 3,
3 is constituted by a plurality of racks 10 (in this example, 64 racks 10 on one article storage shelf 1 and 64 racks 10 on one side of the production line support structure 3).

As shown in FIG. 3, the rack 10 is constructed by assembling certain modules of frame members (steel vibrator, H-shaped steel, etc.) 1 into a cubic lattice.

Note that the rack 10 shown in FIG.
Outer wall of production line support structures 3, 3 (4 in Figure 1)
The upper and lower surfaces (corresponding to the ceiling surface and the floor surface) and the two adjacent side surfaces (corresponding to the outer wall surfaces) are constructed in a lattice shape with frame members 11, and other (the contact surface with the adjacent rack 10 and the contact surface with the transport device 2)
shall be made freely passable as a framework only. Although not shown in the drawings, racks placed in locations other than those listed above are constructed with frame members 11 on the upper and lower surfaces (ceiling surface and floor surface) and one side surface (outer wall surface) in a lattice shape, and the three side surfaces (adjacent It is preferable that the contact surface with the two racks 10 and the contact surface with the conveyance device 2 be made to be only a framework so that they can be freely passed through.

It goes without saying that a rack (not shown) may be used, in which five metal surfaces except for one surface adjacent to the transport device 2 are arranged in a grid pattern.

Moreover, if the above-mentioned frame member 1 is formed into a fixed module as described above, the rack 10 can be easily assembled.

The article storage shelves 1, 1 and the production line support structure 3.3, which are constructed by assembling the racks 10 described above, together with the conveying devices 2, 2, are located on the outer wall 4. It is covered with a roof 5, and the appearance of the factory is arranged.

The upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces of the rack 10, which are structured in a lattice pattern, can be used as they are (that is, in the form of a lattice or a framework), or the lattice-shaped surfaces can be used with ceilings, flooring, etc.
Alternatively, a wall material or the like can be attached and used in a detachable manner.

For example, as shown in FIG. 4(A), each layer of the production line support structures 3, 3 is provided with an assembly conveyor (free flow conveyor) 6d, a parts supply conveyor 6b, an assembly robot 6c, and other inspection robots (not shown). , a production line (6 in Figure 1) consisting of palletizing robots, etc.

At this time, the conveyor, robot, etc. mentioned above are processed and assembled according to a preset program, etc., and the parts necessary for this processing and assembly are taken out from the article storage shelves 1, 1 by the conveying devices 2, 2.

In addition, in FIG. 4(A), the lower surface (floor surface) of the rack 1o has transparency such as grating, punching, and netting.
An air-permeable panel member (floor material) 6d is removably attached.

In addition, for example, if equipment such as robots that make up the above-mentioned production line or items being manufactured are so high that they will hit the ceiling if only the first floor is used, the rack 1o located in that area may be moved to the second floor. This can be easily dealt with by replacing it with one that has the same height. Even if the installation location of the equipment, etc. has to be changed due to a change in the production line, the design can be easily changed because it is only necessary to replace the rack 10 at the new installation location.

Furthermore, the transportation of parts from the above-mentioned goods storage shelf 1.1 to the above-mentioned production line and the storage of work-in-progress and finished products assembled and manufactured on the production line to the goods storage shelf 1.1 are carried out horizontally and vertically. This is carried out by means of a transport device 2.2, such as the above-mentioned stazo car crane, which is freely movable.

At this time and during processing and assembly of the production line described above, as mentioned above, the contact surface of the rack 10 with the transport device 2 is a through-hole, so the transport device 2 can be placed at any position.
, 2 can be stopped and goods can be sent and received.

Note that the above-mentioned work-in-process products and finished products are sent to the next process of the production line 6 without being temporarily stored in the article storage shelf 11 if there is a request from the next process of the production line 6. When this next step is adjacent, the conveyance and delivery may be performed by a conveyor other than the conveyance device 2.

At the time of shipping, the work-in-progress and finished products stored in the article storage shelves 1, 1 are taken out from the article storage shelves 1.1 by the conveyance device 2, transported to the carry-out port, and shipped.

If the number of shipments is large, although not shown in the figure, a transport device exclusively for input and shipment may be installed between the article storage shelves 1.1.

In addition, around each layer of the production line support structure 3, various piping 7a for air conditioning, cold and hot water, etc., air supply and distribution related equipment, power/control panel 7b, etc. A utility unit 7 is provided in which a maintenance passage 7C for these devices and the devices in the production line support structure 3 is arranged.

As shown in FIG. 4, this utility unit may be configured using a dedicated rack 10a, which may be attached around the rack 10 in FIG. It is also possible to use a part of the horizontal section.

In addition, similar to the flooring of the production line 6, the maintenance passage 7c is constructed by removably arranging transparent and air permeable panel members such as grating, punching, and netting, and this panel member can be removed. As shown in the figure, a space 7d is formed, and the space 7d also functions as a vertical passage when equipment is carried in and out and transferred.

In this way, by consolidating various types of piping, power, control panels, etc. into a utility unit, it is not only possible to easily accommodate expansions, reductions, and remodeling of production equipment, but also maintenance of various types of piping, power, control panels, etc.・Inspection becomes easier.

Furthermore, as described above, the article storage shelves 1, 1, the production line support structures 3, 3, and the utility unit 7 are all constructed so that they can be assembled and dismantled using the rack 10.
Easily adaptable to expansion or contraction of factory scale. In other words, the factory can be adapted to the production scale simply by increasing or decreasing the number of racks 10.

Figure 5 shows an example of the configuration of the above production line, with the upper part of the page showing an example of a line-type assembly system suitable for single-item, low-mix, high-volume production, and the lower part showing a configuration example suitable for high-product, low-mix, high-volume production. This figure shows an example of the configuration of a cell-type assembly system.

In the same figure, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 to 4 indicate the same parts as in FIGS. In the case of the mold assembly method, a robot with multiple assembly functions is used as the assembly robot 6C. This multi-assembly function robot 6c is provided with a parts supply conveyor 6b and an assembly supply conveyor 6e.

In addition, in FIG. 5, a piping shaft 8. is attached to a part of the outside of the production line support structure 3. An example is shown in which a communication unit 9 equipped with an elevator EV1 stairs, etc. is arranged.

FIG. 6 is a partially detailed view of the line-type assembly method shown in FIG. 5, in which (A) is a plan view and (B) is a sectional view.

In FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B), an assembly pallet 20 is transferred onto a free flow conveyor 6a, and work-in-progress and finished products are assembled and manufactured by a single assembly function robot 6c onto this assembly pallet 20. is placed. In addition, the parts supply conveyor 6b performs functions such as delivering the parts tray 21 to the transport device 2, stacking and unpacking the trays 21, supplying parts to the 1li-assembly function robot 6c, and buffer stocking of the tray 21. .

FIG. 7 shows, in three dimensions, an example of a flow illustrating an example of product distribution within a factory according to the present invention shown in FIG.

As shown in the figure, a lift 22 is provided between the production line support structures 3 of each layer, and one of the production lines as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is installed on multiple floors (in this example, the second floor). It may be configured over.

In other words, the rack 10 where this lift 22 is installed
A part of the upper and lower surfaces of the container is configured in a lattice shape so that the lift 22 can freely pass therethrough, forming a desired space, and the article can be moved in the vertical direction through the space.

In addition, if it becomes necessary to change the installation location of the lift 22 due to a change in the production line, the rack 10 located at the new installation location (the broken line area in FIG. 7) is replaced with one of the above configuration. Additionally, since a lift can be installed at that location, changes to the production line can be made extremely easily.

Note that the space in which the lift 22 is currently installed may be covered with flooring or ceiling materials such as panel members, if necessary, to close the space.

The above production line includes automated material hand equipment such as the parts supply conveyor 6b and the transport device 2,
The assembly robot 6C and the inspection/palletizing robot are connected through an advanced information network (not shown) to achieve C1M.

8(A), (B), and (C) show an example of the air conditioning system for the factory according to the present invention shown in FIG.

First, in the present invention, as described above, the article storage shelf 1゜1, the production line support structures 3, 3, and the utility unit 7 are configured in a cubic lattice shape with the framework member]1, and the ceiling material, the floor material, and the wall. Since a breathable panel member is used as the material, basically one air conditioning equipment can provide air conditioning for all purposes. In other words, a whole air conditioning system is possible.

However, partial air conditioning may also be used in order to perform air conditioning more efficiently.

Specifically, there are the following.

Figure 8 (A, ) shows the overall air conditioning system, which uses air blowing from the top, suction from the bottom, and the natural fall of air conditioned cold air.In winter, volumetric cooling is used.

Figure 8 (B) shows a partial air conditioning system where the lower part is the air conditioning area and the second part is the ventilation area.

FIG. 8(C) shows a system in which a special air conditioning system and a weekly system are added to the general air conditioning system shown in FIG. 8(A), and this system is applied to local booths such as clean rooms and constant temperature rooms.

In the case of only the whole air conditioning method shown in FIG. 8(A), air conditioning piping within the utility unit 7 is required only on the top and bottom floors, and no intermediate floors are required.

Also, in the partial air conditioning system shown in FIG. 8(B), air conditioning piping may be installed only in the utility unit 7 on the uppermost and lower floors of the air conditioning area. However, if the air conditioning area and ventilation area can be changed alternately, air conditioning piping will be installed within the utility unit on the top and bottom floors of the building. Depending on the air conditioning method employed in this manner, air conditioning piping may be installed as appropriate.

FIG. 9 shows a system example of halon fire extinguishing equipment as an example of the factory fire extinguishing equipment according to the present invention shown in FIG.

In this example, a smoke detector 31 such as an ion type or a photoelectric type is provided on the ceiling of the top floor of the production line support structures 3, 3 and the top of the article storage shelf 1.1, and body 3
, 3 is provided with a separation section (not shown) for the smoke detector 31.

When the smoke detector 31 is activated, the fire extinguishing equipment is automatically activated, the siren 32 sounds, and halon is ejected from the injection head 33 to extinguish the fire.

In the above embodiment, the rack 10. With the IOA as a mark, the entire factory can be assembled and dismantled on a scale that matches the production scale, reducing construction costs and construction times.

It should be noted that additions can be easily made in any direction, up or down, left or right, or forward or backward.

In the above embodiment, a factory according to the present invention is constructed using a plurality of racks 10, but in the case of a factory with a small production scale, the rack 10 may be made larger,
The factory according to the present invention can also be configured with about one or two racks 10.

In addition, only the production line support structures 3 and 3 are mounted on the rack 10.
The article storage shelves 1, 1 may have the same structure as in the prior application.

(Effects of the Invention) As detailed above, the three-dimensional factory according to the present invention is designed to support the production line (1M structures, etc. can be assembled and dismantled in a three-dimensional lattice shape), so that the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Expansion, contraction,
Easy to change.

In addition, since it is constructed in a three-dimensional lattice shape with frame members, it is economical and has air permeability, so the number of installed air conditioning equipment, etc., can be reduced, for example. Therefore, both equipment costs and carrying costs are reduced, and maintenance work is also facilitated.

Regarding air conditioning, since the air-conditioned space, outside building surface area, and rooftop area are small, the load is 40 to 60% compared to a one-story factory.
%, it is easy to accommodate natural ventilation, and it is also possible to air-condition the entire space using air convection within a large space.

Furthermore, since the rack has transparency, multiple floors can be viewed from one floor, making it easier to monitor production lines and the like. Furthermore, it is no longer necessary to install lighting equipment on each floor, for example.

Furthermore, since the rank is in the form of a three-dimensional lattice, it is possible to carry in and out equipment and the like through the space of this lattice j41.

In addition, when both the production line support structure and the article storage 'fA are configured with the above-mentioned racks, air flow from the production line support structure to the article storage shelf side becomes easy, and the air conditioning The effects etc. will be improved.

Furthermore, articles can be transferred between the article storage shelf and the production line support structure at any location. As a result, it is possible to easily change the production line within the production line support structure.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a factory according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the inside of Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the rack, and Fig. 4 ( A) is a partially detailed diagram showing an example of the configuration of a production line, FIG. 4(B) is a partially detailed diagram showing an example of the configuration of a utility unit, FIG. 5 is an overall diagram of an example of the configuration of the production line, and FIG. (A) and (B) are partially detailed views of Fig. 5, Fig. 6 (A) is a plan view, Fig. 6 (B) is a sectional view, and Fig. 7 is a production example in the example shown in Fig. 1. A three-dimensional diagram showing an example of the flow of a physical distribution example, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an air conditioning system in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of fire extinguishing equipment in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. 10 and 11 are diagrams showing conventional high-rise factories. 1...... Goods storage shelf 3... Production line support structure 10...
... Rack 11 ... Frame member

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a three-dimensional factory having a multi-layered common article storage shelf and a production line support structure provided on at least one side of the article storage shelf, at least one of the article storage shelf and the production line support structure is provided. A three-dimensional factory characterized in that one side is assembled into a three-dimensional lattice shape using frame members, and is constructed so that it can be assembled and dismantled freely.