JPH0299666A - Polyacrylonitrile fiber used for product for driction and manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To produce the subject fiber material comprising polyacrylonitrile fibers and a specific alkoxylated amine or its mixture and suitable for use in products for friction in place of asbestos fibers. CONSTITUTION: This fiber material contains polyacrylonitrile fibers and an alkoxylated amine represented by the formula R is an aliphatic group having 8-22 carbon atoms, 0-3 oxygen atoms and 0-1 nitrogen atom or its mixture; R<1> and R<2> are each selected from ethylene, propylene or the like and a mixture thereof; (x) and (y) are each 1-20; [(x)+(y)] is 2-30} or its mixture and is used for products for friction. A thermosetting resin (e.g. a phenol resin and cashew nut oil) and a friction modifier (e.g. dolomite, clay or alumina) are compounded with the resultant fiber material to afford the products for friction in place of asbestos such as a brake block. An alkoxylated amine in which R is derived from a coconut oil containing a component such as caprylic acid is preferred as the alkoxylated amine.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1 A5 Field of the Invention This invention relates to polyacrylonitrile fibers and friction products made from the fibers.

B. Description of the Prior Art Because of its advantageous physical properties, such as fire resistance, high abrasion resistance, high hardness, and high heat resistance, stone maM is used in various friction products such as disc brake pads, brake linings, and It has been widely used in the past for the manufacture of clutch facings.

The hazards of airborne asbestos have been well documented. For example, inhalation of asbestos particles has been shown to cause respiratory problems to the point of causing lung cancer. Due to health disasters caused by asbestos, l? 'F! In the A product it was necessary to replace this material with another type of fiber C.

Synthetic polymer fibers containing polyacrylonitrile have been found to be particularly suitable for use in friction materials because of their high melting points. Moreover, under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, poly7-crylonitrile fibers have the ability to convert into carbon fiber precursors, eventually converting into carbon fibers. These properties make polyacrylonitrile fiber 1? making it particularly suitable for use in rubbing products.

Various types of production processes are used in the production of friction products. One such procedure is poly7-crylonitrile! l
It involves dry warming of the fibers, binders and other customary additives and curing of this mixture under heat and pressure to form the desired product. Processing time depends on the thickness of the product and can reach several hours. Often the product is then cured by heating the product at high temperatures for an extended period of time, often up to several hours. The problem with this step is
During the processing of these finely divided solid materials, dust is usually generated, resulting in hygienic problems for those in the vicinity of the processing site.

In an attempt to overcome this problem, another means of making fIl abrasive wear products is sometimes utilized. The procedure consists of mixing synthetic polymer fibers with customary friction product additives to produce a solid mixture, then mixing the solid mixture with a thermoset liquid resin, and finally mixing the resulting mixture. consisting of heating under heat and pressure to form a friction product. The problem with this procedure is that poly7-crylonitrile fibers are a solid mixture! The problem is that the fibers do not warm up sufficiently with the thermosetting liquid resin. Because of this incompatibility, the polyacrylonitrile Jllffl may not be uniformly distributed in the mixture and the resulting product may exhibit less than desired integrity.

The present invention provides poly7-crylonitrile fiber I! which has high compatibility with liquid resin! , a method for producing the polyacrylonitrile fiber, and a friction product containing the polyacrylonitrile fiber core.

[Summary of the Invention 1 A surprising discovery has been made by incorporation of water-soluble alkoxylated amines into polyacrylonitrile fibers, and the resulting l1M is a thermosetting liquid resin utilized for manufacturing friction products; For example, it shows a high degree of compatibility with cashew nut oil resin. Poly7crylonitrile m produced
Fibers find particular application in the production of friction products such as brake blocks, brake linings and pads, clutch facings, etc.

[DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 1] Water-soluble alkoxylated amines suitable for use in the present invention are amines or mixtures of amines having the following general formula.

(wherein R is about 8 fl12J to about 22 carbon atoms,
an organic aliphatic group containing about O to about 3 oxygen atoms and about 0 to about 1 nitrogen atom, or the aliphatic 1. ! R1 and R2 are the same or different and each is independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butylene and mixtures thereof; X and y are the same or different and each is an integer from about 1 to about 20, and the sum of the values of X and y is from about 2 to about 30).

Generally, R1 and R2 are the same and are ethylene groups.

However, R1 and R2 can also be different, ie one group can be ethylene and the other group can be propylene. Moreover, each of R and R has a block or heterogeneous distribution of ethylene and propylene groups (hc
tcr+c), both ethylene and propylene groups.

Preferred alkoxylated amines are ethoxylated fatty amines having the following general formula or mixtures thereof.

(wherein, R is an alkyl group having 8 to about 18 carbon atoms or a mixture thereof, X and y are the same or different, each is an integer of about 1 to about 10, and The sum of the values of y is in the range of about 2 to about 15.) In the most preferred embodiment, R is carbon number 8.
~18 saturated and unsaturated aliphatic groups, where X and y are integers from about 1 to about 4, and the sum of the values of X and y is about 5
It is.

Examples of corresponding groups for R are alkyl groups, such as octyl,
nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,
Includes tetradecyl, pentaacyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl. Other examples of R include alkenyl groups such as octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tetradecylene, pentaacylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene and octadecylene. Moreover, the fulgylene group can be substituted by an alkyl group, i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl, etc. The double bond can be in any position of the alkenyl group, ie, the 1-position, the 2-position, etc. Additionally, alkenyl groups can have up to three double bonds.

Preferably, R is a furkyl or alkenyl group, or some derivative thereof, derived via fatty carboxylic acids of animal fats, vegetable oils, seed oils, or marine oils.

Examples of such acids are saturated acids such as hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, caprylic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid,
Contains sudaric acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid.

Examples of unsaturated fatty acids include oleic acid, liluic acid, lilunic acid, and eleostearic acid.

Mixtures of amines containing various 11 g find particular application in the present invention. Examples of said amines are coconut oil,
It is derived via the fatty acid route from palm oil, balm kernel oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, and animal tallow.

The most preferred alkoxylated amines are derived from coconut oil containing the components shown in Table 1.

Representative alkoxylated fatty amines (AFΔ) are shown in Table 1 below.

Homopolymers and copolymers of Σ polyacrylonitrile can be utilized in the fibers of the present invention. The term "polyacrylonitrile" as used herein refers to at least 85% by weight acrylonitrile monohost monoN. It is possible that up to 15% of the polymer may consist of vinyl monomers copolymerizable with acrylonitrile, such as methyl acrylate, methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl derivatives containing sulfo or carboxyl groups.

Polyacrylonitrile fibers cut from a wet gel-like piece of polyacrylonitrile can be made according to the following US patents: These are incorporated herein by reference.

U.S. Patent No. 2.847.405 Polymerization U.S. Patent No. 2,
No. 916.348: Wet-Spun Using Inorganic Solvents US Patent No. 2.558.730: Preparation of Wet-Spun Nitrile Tow Using Inorganic Solvents.

During production of the wet gel, the extrudate is stretched approximately ten times. The wet gel of polyacrylonitrile is then prepared to a desired length (generally from about 2 to about 10 Jll+).
staples). The filament denier generally ranges from about 1 to about 6.

A preferred method of lIa wet gel staple is shown in FIG. The wet gel staple is placed in tank 1 and dispersed in the water. Wet gel staple and water W12 was prepared by mixing 50 bonds of water with each bond's fibers (dry S weight basis). 1
A stand or more stirrer 3 is utilized to keep the wet gel-like staple dispersed in the water. dispersion 2 directly through conduit 5 to the first of a pair of refiners 6 and 7;
Use pump 4 to pump the . The staples are refined in a first refiner 6 and the imitation staples pass through a second refiner 7 where the staples are further refined. The majority (by weight) of the wet glue coming out of the second refining R7 typically ranges in length from about 1# fiber to about 4rm. The average length of the purified product is usually 1-2 mm. The purified wet gelatinous stable is then dehydrated by passing the purified stable through a centrifuge 1118.

The purified wet gel staple is preferably placed in a centrifuge 8 at a ratio of 50 bonds of water per bond of fiber (on a dry weight basis). The product preferably leaves the centrifuge at a ratio of 60 bonds of water per M40 bonds of fiber (dry weight basis). After centrifugation, the pulped wet gel 10 is collected from the container 9. Then add a portion of the pulped wet gel staple to a blender (on a dry weight basis), preferably a Littleford (L) with a chopper.
The speed of the rotary mixing, model FM-130-D, is set at 155 rpm. The speed of the chopper is set at 3515 rl)l. The chopper has one wheel for each wheel.
It consists of a 6-inch diameter double star wheel with six teeth, plus an 8-inch diameter double star wheel with each wheel having four arms. In this mixer, the pulped wet gel-like stable is mixed for 2 minutes to "open" the fibers. After opening the mixture, the alkoxylated amine is pumped into the pulped fiber in the U mixer.

The liquid is preferably pumped into the mixer over a period of 6 minutes. The alkoxylated amine is preferably combined with the fibrous bulb in a ratio of 2 parts m1lt (on a dry weight ffi basis) to 1 part alkoxylated amine.

After the alkoxylamines combine with the pulped fibers,
Mix the alkoxylamine and 1aM bulb preferably for an additional 5 minutes. At this point the alkoxylation must be thoroughly mixed with the pulped fibrous gel. The gelled pulp and alkoxylated amine mixture is then placed in a dryer for a residence time of approximately 12 minutes. The environment in the dryer is normally maintained at 50°C for wet bulbs and 130°C for soft bulbs. The fibers emerging from the dryer generally contain about 0.5% to about 1.0% moisture. The wet gel-like polymer fibers will "collapse" by drying at this temperature, consistent with the removal of water from the gel structure. The resulting fibers are then removed from the dryer and allowed to cool to room temperature.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a preferred procedure for making polyacrylonitrile fibers of the present invention. The wet gel-like tow 16 of polyacrylonitrile is fed by a set of five feed rollers 17 and drawn into an aspirator 18 and cut by a cutter 19. The aqueous alkoxylated amine 31 in the tank 32 is fed via the vibrator 33 into the vortex bowl 21 where it comes into contact with the moist gel-like stable 20 . Simultaneously with the addition of an aqueous solution of alkoxylated amine 31 to swirl bowl 21, antifoam agent 34
can be added to the whirlpool bowl 21 from the container 41 via the vibrator 35. Preferred defoamers are commercially available from Dow Corning and include
The antifoam agent is added at a rate of 14 cc/min. The cut polyacrylonitrile gel stable 20 is then preferably added with the antifoam agent 34 and an aqueous solution of the alkoxylated amine 31. is the first refiner 38 with 91 parts of alkoxylated amine-containing aqueous solution 50 parts for each 1 part JIM (dry weight Lid standard).
supply to The wet gel is purified in refiners 38 and 39, after which excess liquid is removed from the pulped 11i miscellaneous and alkoxylated amine via centrifuge 40. The alkoxylated amine and purified gel 22 proceed from the centrifuge 1ilt machine 40 via a conveyor 23 to a dryer 24. The dryer removes substantially all of the water from the alkoxylated amine treated purified gel and causes the Gel M4 structure to collapse.

The m of the alkoxylated amine incorporated into the polyacrylonitrile fibers will vary over a wide range. Generally, effective oils are usually at least 17% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight, and most preferably at least 39% by weight, for drying the fibers. Between % and above listed above is available.

The polyacrylonitrile fibers of the present invention find particular application in friction materials such as brake blocks, brake linings, disc pads, etc.

Friction materials generally include polyacrylonitrile fibers and a binder. When thermosetting, the binder forms a matrix for the polyacrylonitrile fibers. The binder usually contains a thermosetting liquid resin and a vulcanizable elastomer. l! Contains wJ moderator.

The thermosettable or thermosetting resin may be of the phenolic type, such as phenolic aldehyde, examples of which are phenol formaldehyde, resorcinol formaldehyde, phenol cresol formaldehyde, phenol furfural resin and cashew nut oil. If desired, any of the above resins that are not oil soluble can be made oil soluble by reacting with linseed oil or cashew oil. A preferred phenolic resin is phenol formaldehyde resin. Other suitable thermosetting resins include epoxy resins, epoxidized phenolic resins, melamine formaldehyde resins, and the like.

The binder is preferably a normally particulate inorganic material such as clay, silica, alumina, cryolite, litharge and pallite,
or conventional f! particles containing particles formed from organic materials such as graphite, carbon black, and polymerized cashew oil. ! ! Contains chafing modifier.

When present, the vulcanizable elastomer is a natural or synthetic rubber such as neoprene, butadiene-styrene, butadiene-acrylonitrile, imblene, acrylate rubber, ethylene such as dicyclopentadiene which prepares the unsaturation for curing. , much more recently developed hydrocarbon elastomers containing copolymers of propylene and a third 1jt, and elastomers that can be cured or vulcanized by reaction, particularly by peroxides or through sulfur bonds depending on the curing step. material. Of course, the elastomer will normally include well-known vulcanizing agents and stabilizers.

The binder can be applied to the fibers in the form of a solvent-based mixture. Suitable solvents include toluene and other relatively non-toxic, well-known volatile organic solvents.Depending on the particular properties desired for the friction material, polyacrylonitrile fibers can be made into continuous filaments, stylized fibers, etc. , or chopped fiber. Chopped fibers are generally 6 inches long! Not longer than R. Polyacrylonitrile fibers are especially suitable for "wet processing",
They can also be used in [dry mixing] processes.

Although the fibers of the present invention can be of any denier, generally IJAlfl is from about 0.5 to about 20, preferably about 0.
．． It may have a denier within the range of 5 to about 10, most preferably about 0.7 to about 7. Moreover, when the 111ff is not a continuous filament, the fibers typically range from 0.3 to about 6.0
The length of m will be right-handed.

The nature of the fibers and binders used in the friction compositions of the present invention will depend on the particular friction element made therefrom. In the case of friction facings, the thermosetting binder has a weight of from about 40 to about 9
5% by weight (dry basis). Preferably, in the friction facing, the thermosetting binder is about 6
0 to about 80%. In the case of friction facings in the form of disc brake pads and the like, the binder is present from about 65% to about 90% of the time, based on the binder and fiber combination, depending on the desired braking performance. sell.

In manufacturing the disc brake pad according to the present invention,
Short fibers, such as chopped fibers, are combined with other solid ingredients and mixed to form a solid mixture. This mixture is combined with a thermosetting liquid binder and mixed until homogeneous. Vane mixers are generally suitable for this purpose. The mixture is removed from the mixer and placed in a thermocyclic oven at a temperature of about 150"F to reduce the volatile components present to about 4-6%. The dry mixture, which may be in the form of pellets, is then Cold formed into disc brake pad preform,
This preform can then be molded in a preheated mold, post-cured, and polished to specified tolerances.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are presented to illustrate certain specific aspects of the invention, but are not intended to be construed as limiting the spirit or scope thereof. .

Example 1 1! ! The blend of chafing modifiers includes dolomite, clay, alumina, pallite, and cashew nut shell [Co11an 75 F-40] along with catalytic hexamethylene diamine.
, Colloid Chemi
11j rub particles containing 1 available from Cals Inc.
ry Mixer NodeR02 (Eirich M
achines Inc. by mixing for 10 minutes in a bottle. Average 5 per mole of amine
mol of ethylene oxide (Table ■B) from about 27 to
Contains 28% Etho1:Sylated Cocoamine, approximately (
Polyacrylonitrile fibers having a length ranging from 13 m to about 6.0 ar and an average fiber length of about 1 to about 2 ar are then added to the solid mixture and stirred for 5 minutes to uniformly disperse the fibers in the solid mixture. mixed for minutes. In parallel with the continuation of the mixing,
Cashew nut oil resin modified with thermosetting rubber (H
RJ-4367, Schenectady Chemi
(available from Cals Inc.) was slowly added to the mixture and mixing continued for about an additional 8 minutes. The resulting product contained the following proportions of ingredients:

Dolomite 34.0 clay
10.0 Palite
18.0 friction particles
10.0 hexamethylene diamine
2.3! ! 5.0 Cashewnut Oil Resin 23.0 As the liquid resin "wets" the solid mixture and the mixture reaches homogeneity,
Increased power consumption by the mixer was observed with an ammeter. The mixing was then stopped and the mixture was removed from the mixer and placed into a mold suitable for producing friction products.

Apply the friction product mixture to moderate pressure (e.g. 500 p.p.
The preformed mass was then removed from the mold and sandproofed in a hot air oven for up to several days. Alternatively, the mixture can be extruded into suitable molds for further processing.

Friction products produced by this method are made of polyacrylonitrile, as evidenced by the absence of cracks or visible fiber agglomerations on its surface when the friction product is subjected to fracture testing. The uniform distribution of fibers was proved.

Example 2 Phenol resin modified with elastic body (HRJ-4125
, 5cl) available from enectady Chemicals) was used in place of HRJ-4367. Manufactured a rubbing product.

The resulting I! ! Is it I for rubbing? Polyacrylonitrile 1! as evidenced by the absence of cracks or visible fiber agglomerations on its surface when the rubbing product is subjected to destructive testing. It had a uniform distribution of dirt.

Example 3 A friction product was made in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyacrylonitrile fibers were treated with a flukoxylated amine. The alkoxides of the amines include ethylene and propylene having a block distribution and an average mole of alkoxide per about 10 moles of amine (J in Table 1).
. Prior to molding, the product may contain the following range of ingredients:

Dolomite crepalite friction particles (NE-104) Hexamethylene diamine fiber cashew nut oil resin parts 25-40 5-15 10-25 5-15 2.0-2.8 3-10 20-28 For the resulting friction The product will have a uniform distribution of polyacrylonitrile fibers.

Example 4 A friction product was made in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the polyacrylonitrile fabric was treated with alkoxylated tallow amine. The alkoxide of the amine contains ethylene and propylene having a block distribution, and the average mole of alkoxide per mole of amine is about 15 (O in Table 2).

The resulting r! 1 The acrylonitrile fibers of the rubbing wear product will be evenly distributed.

Although certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated that innovations and various changes in the enumerated procedures may be effected without departing from the fundamental principles underlying the invention. It will be understood. Modifications of this type are therefore within the spirit and scope of the invention, except that it may necessarily be limited to, for example, the amended claims of its reasonable equivalents. It is believed that there is.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of a portion of the production process utilized to incorporate alkoxylated amines into polyacrylonitrile fibers. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a production process suitable for producing polyacrylonitrile mH of the present invention.

Claims (1)

Claims: (1) A fibrous material suitable for use in friction products comprising: (a) polyacrylonitrile fibers; and (b) an effective amount of an alkoxylated amine or mixture thereof having the formula: There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (In the formula, R is about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, about 0 to about 3
an aliphatic group having about 0 to about 1 nitrogen atom, or a mixture of such aliphatic groups, R^1 and R^2 are the same or different, and each independently represents ethylene. , propylene, butylene, and mixtures thereof, x and y are the same or different and each is an integer from about 1 to about 20, and the sum of the values of x and y is from about 2 to about A fibrous material suitable for use in friction products, characterized in that it comprises: 2. The fibrous material of claim 1, wherein R^1 and R^2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, and mixtures thereof. (3) A group in which R is octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, and octadecylene The fibrous material according to claim 1, which is selected from the following. (4) The fibrous material according to claim 1, wherein R is an alkyl group or alkenyl group derived from a carboxylic acid of animal fat, vegetable oil, seed oil, or marine oil. (5) The fibrous material according to claim 2, wherein R^1 and R^2 are ethylene. (6) The fibrous material according to claim 1, wherein each of x and y is about 1 to about 10. 7. The fibrous material of claim 6, wherein the sum of said values of x and y is from about 2 to about 15. (8) The fibrous material according to claim 1, wherein the polyacrylonitrile fiber is a chopped fiber. (9) The tipped fiber is about 0.3 to about 6.0.
The fiber material according to claim 8, having a length of mm. 10. The fibrous material of claim 9, wherein said fibers have a denier of about 0.5 to about 20.0. 11. The fibrous material of claim 1, wherein said alkoxylated amine is present in an amount of at least about 17% by weight, based on the dry weight of said fiber. (12) The fibrous material according to claim 1, wherein R is a coconut oil derivative. (13) The fibrous material according to claim 7, wherein the sum of the values of x and y is about 5. (14) The fibrous material according to claim 8, wherein the polyacrylonitrile is a homopolymer. 15. The fibrous material of claim 1, wherein the ethoxylated amine is present in an amount of at least about 39% by weight, based on the dry weight of the fiber. (16) A friction product comprising the fiber material according to claim 1. (17) A brake lining comprising the fiber material according to claim 13. (18) A method for producing a fibrous material suitable for use in friction products, comprising: wet gel-like polyacrylonitrile fibers and an effective amount of an alkosylated amine or mixture thereof having the formula: ▲ mathematical formula, chemical formula, There are tables, etc. ▼ (In the formula, R is about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, about 0 to about 3
an aliphatic group, or a mixture of such aliphatic groups, having 5 oxygen atoms and about 0 to about 1 nitrogen atoms, and R^1 and R^2 each independently represent ethylene, propylene,
selected from the group consisting of butylene and mixtures thereof, x and y are the same or different, each is an integer from about 1 to about 20, and the sum of the values of x and y is from about 2 to about 30 ) A method for producing a fibrous material suitable for use in friction products. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the alkoxylated amine is mixed with water prior to contacting the wet gel polyacrylonitrile fibers. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein R^1 and R^2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, and mixtures thereof. (21) R is octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl,
dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,
Hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene,
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, and octadecylene. (22) The method according to claim 18, wherein R is an alkyl group or alkenyl group derived from a carboxylic acid of animal fat, vegetable oil, seed oil, or marine oil. (23) The method according to claim 20, wherein R^1 and R^2 are ethylene. (24) The method of claim 18, wherein the wet gel-like polyacrylonitrile fibers are staple fibers. (25) Claim 18, wherein each of x and y is about 1 to about 10.
Method described. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the sum of said values of x and y is from about 2 to about 15. (27) The staple fiber has a diameter of about 0.3 to about 6.
25. The method of claim 24, having a length of 0 mm and a denier of about 0.5 to about 20.0. (28) The method of claim 18, wherein the wet gel-like polyacrylonitrile fiber is a homopolymer. 29. The method of claim 18, wherein the alkoxylated amine is present in an amount of at least 39% by weight based on the dry weight of the fiber. (30) The method according to claim 18, wherein R is a coconut oil derivative. (31) The method of claim 25, wherein the sum of the values of x and y is about 5. (32) A friction product comprising a fibrous material produced according to claim 18. (33) A friction product, comprising (a) (i) polyacrylonitrile fibers, and (ii) an effective amount of an alkoxylated amine or mixture thereof having the following formula ▲ mathematical formula, chemical formula, table, etc. ▼ where , R is about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms, about 0 to about 3
an aliphatic group, or a mixture of such aliphatic groups, having 5 oxygen atoms and about 0 to about 1 nitrogen atoms, and R^1 and R^2 each independently represent ethylene, propylene,
selected from the group consisting of butylene and mixtures thereof, x and y are the same or different, each is an integer from about 1 to about 20, and the sum of the values of x and y is from about 2 to about 30 ); (b) a thermosetting resin; and (c) a friction modifier. 34. The product of claim 33, wherein R^1 and R^2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, and mixtures thereof. (35) R is octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl,
dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,
Hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene,
34. The product of claim 33 selected from the group consisting of tetradecylene, pentadecylene, hexadecylene, heptadecylene, and octadecylene. (36) The product of claim 33, wherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl group derived from a carboxylic acid of animal fat, vegetable oil, seed oil, or marine oil. (37) The product according to claim 34, wherein R^1 and R^2 are ethylene. (38) Claim 3, wherein each of x and y is about 1 to about 10.
Products listed in 3. 39. The article of claim 38, wherein the sum of said values of x and y is from about 2 to about 15. (40) The product according to claim 33, wherein the polyacrylonitrile fiber is a chopped fiber. (41) The tipped fiber is about 0.3 to about 6.
41. The product of claim 40, having a length of 0 mm. 42. The article of claim 40, wherein the fibers have a denier of about 0.5 to about 20.0. 43. The article of claim 33, wherein the alkoxylated fatty amine is present in an amount of at least 39% by weight based on the dry weight of the fiber. (44) The product according to claim 33, wherein R is a derivative of coconut oil. (45) The product of claim 33, wherein the polyacrylonitrile is a homopolymer. (46) The product of claim 33, wherein the sum of the values of x and y is about 5. (47) The product according to claim 33, wherein the thermosetting resin is cashew nut oil. (48) The product of claim 33, wherein the friction product is a brake lining.