US2033929A - Friction element and method of making the same - Google Patents
Friction element and method of making the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2033929A US2033929A US640134A US64013432A US2033929A US 2033929 A US2033929 A US 2033929A US 640134 A US640134 A US 640134A US 64013432 A US64013432 A US 64013432A US 2033929 A US2033929 A US 2033929A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- yarn
- fibers
- friction
- product
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- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000004347 Perilla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000124853 Perilla frutescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012210 heat-resistant fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
Definitions
- This invention relates to an impregnated article of manufacture, particularly a friction element,'and to the method of making the same.
- a conventional friction material or element adapted for use as brake lining 'or clutch facing, of automobiles, for example, comprises asbestos fibers and a friction compound,
- the friction compound may be one containing a large pro-. portion. of rubber, pitch, or other semiplastic binder of suitable properties.
- the invention comprises the novel features hereinafter'claimed or described and, especially,
- the invention comprises also the method of manufacturing the improved product which includes precipitating in situ a heat-resistant, inorganic substance, in intimate association with reenforcing fibers, then applying friction compound to the thus treated fibers, and forming a unitary product.
- the invention is illustrated by the following specific example of the making of-a product in which asbestos yarn is intimately associated with calcium silicate, precipitated withir fand between the several units of yarn and enmeshed in the fibers therein; the thus treated yarn is provided with a coating or impregnation of a rubber fric-' tion compound, the coated or impregnated yarn is compressed and densified into an article of desired shape, and the rubber therein is hardened by vulcanization.
- asbestos yarn that is preferably wire-inserted, that is, wire-reenforced.
- a yarn that has been used to advantage is scrap asbestos yarn that has been cut and/or. shredded into short lengths averaging, say, approximately 1 to 3 inches long.
- the short lengths of asbestos yarn are then immersed inor thoroughly wetted by an aqueous mixture, actually a suspension, of hydrated lime containing suitablylO to 50 parts by weight of lime, say, 25 parts, to '75 parts by weight of water.
- the mixture is made intimate, as'by agitation, so that the fine particles of hydrated. lime become intween the various fibers comprising the individual strands of yarn.
- the yarn is an especially desirable form of unit of asbestos in this treatment, since the yarn does not collapse into large masses when Wet.” i 5
- the yarn thus associated with the lime either after drying at an elevated temperature, as, for example, at approximately 200 F., or, without drying, is treated with a soluble silicate.
- the silicated yarn thus formed may be subjected to washing with water, in any convenient and satisfactory manner, to remove soluble materials present.
- This washing is designed to remove unused sodium silicate, if any is present, as well as the soluble by-product of the interaction ofthe lime with the silicate.
- the washed product is then subjected to drying, suitably atan elevated temperature, say, at approximately 200 F.
- the thus treated yarn is then impregnated with rubber friction or binder compound.
- the rubber compound may consist of ingredients which are conventional in brake Total
- the compound is applied, advantageously, in the form of a rubber cement, that is, in solution in a volatile solvent.
- the rubber compound is dis- 50 tributed thoroughly over the various units of dry silicated yarn and the volatile solvent is evaporated.
- the thus rubberized yarn is placed, in suitable quantity, into a shaping and vulcanizing die and is compressed and densified in the die, to 55- establish the shape desired in the finished article.
- the rubber binder in this shaped article is vulcanized, as, for example, by steam heat applied to the shaping die, supplemented, suitably, by additional vulcanization in a .steam -heated oven after the shaped and partly vulcanized material isremoved from the die.
- the product so made as compared to brake lining including asbestos yarn and rubber binder compound but not including the insoluble silicate associated with the fibers, has a greatly increased coefficient of friction, decreased rate of wear, and is adapted for use at higher temperatures, that is, under more severe conditions of braking.
- an anti-scoring agent that is, a material adapted to modify slightly the hardness of the product.
- a resinous polychlordiphenyl that melts at about 158 F. to a viscous liquor and is known as arachlor, in the proportion of about 2 parts of the anti-scoring agent for 100 parts by weight of rubber in the compound.
- the anti-scoring agent should be a latent softener which becomes an effective lubricant only when the temperature exceeds a certain point, as under conditions which make the brake drum relatively susceptible to scoring.
- High melting, lubricating, relatively non-volatile, inert substances may be used.
- the material used as the friction mi mum or binder may be one that is commonly used in friction materials and is, advantageously, semiplastic or plastic initially and semirigid in the final product. It may also be resilient.
- the binder is one that is adapted to be hardened after being incorporated into the fibrous material.
- a drying oil thatis, one adapted to be hardened by polymerization and/or oxidation, such as China-wood oil, linseed, or perilla oil.
- a drying oil that is, one adapted to be hardened by polymerization and/or oxidation, such as China-wood oil, linseed, or perilla oil.
- Another binder that may be used is a resinous material, say, a phenolaldehyde condensation product.
- rubber as used 'herein is intended to include natural, reclaimed, and/or synthetic rubber.
- a synthetic rubber that may be used is polymerized chloro-2-butadiene-1,3, of empirical formula, CHzzCcLCHzcH-z, and made as deused in association with a larger proportion of asbestos fibers, say, approximately 1 part by weight of cotton fibers fabricated with 4 parts of asbestos. In cases where heat-resistance is not required, cotton or wool fibers may be used alone, say in the form of short lengths of yarn.
- asbestos fibers are particularly desirable; because of the structure of the visible fibers which are composed individually ofbundles of microscopic, elongated crystals, the fibers are adapted to be penetrated at their frayed portions, at least, in the treatment described above, and, thereby, to become veryintimately 8550! ciated with the precipitate produced.
- the fibers may be in the form of short lengths of yarn, as stated, or of a fabric, either felted or woven.
- lime for example, is suspended with asbestos fibers and water in a beaterof paper mill type and the mixture felted into a paper on a paper machine, The resulting paper is then treated with a solution of sodium silicate, washed with water, dried, and impregnated with a solution of a binder, such as a drying oil, a bituminous material, or a resin dissolved in a volatile solvent. Volatile material added in the impregnation is then evaporated and the impregnated product is subjected to conventional treatment for hardening the binder therein and for compressing, if desired.
- a binder such as a drying oil, a bituminous material, or a resin dissolved in a volatile solvent.
- reenforced asbestos yarn maybe immersed in an aqueous suspension of hydrated lime, for example, and then woven into a fabric, the fabric treated with sodium silicate solution, washed to remove soluble substance present after the treatment or not washed, dried, impregnated with rubber or other binder and the binder therein hardened.
- thefabric may be woven from untreated yarn and the woven fabric treated with an aqueous suspension of hydrated lime and then with a solution of sodium silicate, and finished as described above.
- the water-insoluble, inorganic substance precipitated in intimate association with the fibers maybe one that is heat-resistant, wear-resisting under friction, non-corrodible, finely divided inform, and durable under the conditions to which 4 cipitation in sitii, preferably there is lodged within the fibers, by means of an aqueous suspension or-as-a dust, a compound of the type of lime, that is, a relatively insoluble compound of a metal adapted to produce a precipitate with a selected compound of the type of a water-soluble silicate, as, for example, an alkali metal silicate phosphate, and then applying a water solution of the said'selected compound.
- the subsequent operations may be performed as described-above.
- the proportion of heat-resistant inorganic precipitate in association with the flbers' therein should not be so large as to make a stone-like product and should be, for example, less than 100 parts, say approximately 50 parts for each 100 parts of the asbestos units (yarn or fabric).
- silicated units of asbestos may be blended with untreated asbestos, in .various proportions, before the addition of 'vention.
- he binder compound may be a mixture of two or more conventional binders, such as those described above.
- a friction element comprising heat-resistant fibers, a water-insoluble, heat-resistant, inorganic substance precipitated in intimate association with the said fibers, and a friction compound, in-
- the. anti-scoring agent being a high melting, 1761a,
- tiveiy non-volatile solid adapted, at elevated temperatures of use'oi the friction element, to modi- 2y the hardness thereof and provide lubrication and relatively insoluble compound oi a metal aoaaeeo adapted to form a precipitate in situ when a solution of another selected compound is applied, applying to the treated fibers a solution containing the said selected compound, whereby precipitation is produced, washing to remove soluble materials present after the precipitation,
- a friction element adapted for automotive brake lining, comprising a fibrous "material including the products of the interaction, in the presence of water, of asbestos fibers, a relatively insoluble compound of the type of lime, and
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 17, 193
PATENT OFFICE mIc'moN ELEMENT AND ism'r'non F MAKING THE SAME James Driscoll, Plainfield, and Donald S. Bruce,
Some'rville, N. J., assignors to Johns -Manville Corporation, New New York No Drawing.
York, N. Y., a corporation of Application October 28, 1932, Serial No. 640,134
Claims. (01. 106-23) This invention relates to an impregnated article of manufacture, particularly a friction element,'and to the method of making the same.
A conventional friction material or element adapted for use as brake lining 'or clutch facing, of automobiles, for example, comprises asbestos fibers and a friction compound, The friction compound may be one containing a large pro-. portion. of rubber, pitch, or other semiplastic binder of suitable properties.
It is an object of the present inventionto provide a friction material that has an increased coefiicient of friction, increased resistance to wear, or increased resistance to change in properties at moderately elevated temperatures, as compared to conventional brake lining.
The invention comprises the novel features hereinafter'claimed or described and, especially,
a product comprising reenforcing fibers, a waterinsoluble, heat-resistant, inorganic substance precipitated in intimate association with the said fibers, and a friction compound adhering the whole into an article adapted for use as a friction element. The invention comprises also the method of manufacturing the improved product which includes precipitating in situ a heat-resistant, inorganic substance, in intimate association with reenforcing fibers, then applying friction compound to the thus treated fibers, and forming a unitary product.
The invention is illustrated by the following specific example of the making of-a product in which asbestos yarn is intimately associated with calcium silicate, precipitated withir fand between the several units of yarn and enmeshed in the fibers therein; the thus treated yarn is provided with a coating or impregnation of a rubber fric-' tion compound, the coated or impregnated yarn is compressed and densified into an article of desired shape, and the rubber therein is hardened by vulcanization.' I v There is provided a supply of asbestos yarn that is preferably wire-inserted, that is, wire-reenforced. A yarn that has been used to advantage is scrap asbestos yarn that has been cut and/or. shredded into short lengths averaging, say, approximately 1 to 3 inches long. The short lengths of asbestos yarn are then immersed inor thoroughly wetted by an aqueous mixture, actually a suspension, of hydrated lime containing suitablylO to 50 parts by weight of lime, say, 25 parts, to '75 parts by weight of water. The mixture is made intimate, as'by agitation, so that the fine particles of hydrated. lime become intween the various fibers comprising the individual strands of yarn. The yarn is an especially desirable form of unit of asbestos in this treatment, since the yarn does not collapse into large masses when Wet." i 5 The yarn thus associated with the lime, either after drying at an elevated temperature, as, for example, at approximately 200 F., or, without drying, is treated with a soluble silicate. For the treatment there has been used to advantage a commercial solutionof sodium silicate in water, of a density of approximately 20.IBaumt-a. This treatment causes the conversion of lime into a precipitate of calcium silicate. Because the lime was initially lodged within and around the fibers in the yarn, the precipitate formed is intimately associated with and distributed throughout the fibers composing the yarn. The precip itated material is in finely divided form.
The silicated yarn thus formed may be subjected to washing with water, in any convenient and satisfactory manner, to remove soluble materials present. This washing is designed to remove unused sodium silicate, if any is present, as well as the soluble by-product of the interaction ofthe lime with the silicate.
The washed product is then subjected to drying, suitably atan elevated temperature, say, at approximately 200 F. The thus treated yarn is then impregnated with rubber friction or binder compound. The rubber compound may consist of ingredients which are conventional in brake Total The compound is applied, advantageously, in the form of a rubber cement, that is, in solution in a volatile solvent. The rubber compound is dis- 50 tributed thoroughly over the various units of dry silicated yarn and the volatile solvent is evaporated. The thus rubberized yarn is placed, in suitable quantity, into a shaping and vulcanizing die and is compressed and densified in the die, to 55- establish the shape desired in the finished article. The rubber binder in this shaped article is vulcanized, as, for example, by steam heat applied to the shaping die, supplemented, suitably, by additional vulcanization in a .steam -heated oven after the shaped and partly vulcanized material isremoved from the die.
The product so made, as compared to brake lining including asbestos yarn and rubber binder compound but not including the insoluble silicate associated with the fibers, has a greatly increased coefficient of friction, decreased rate of wear, and is adapted for use at higher temperatures, that is, under more severe conditions of braking.
In order to minimize the tendency of the brake lining to score the brake drum against which it is applied, there may be incorporated with the rubber binder compound, in a process of manufacture that is otherwise similar to the one describedabove, an anti-scoring agent, that is, a material adapted to modify slightly the hardness of the product. Thus, there has been used to advantage a resinous polychlordiphenyl that melts at about 158 F. to a viscous liquor and is known as arachlor, in the proportion of about 2 parts of the anti-scoring agent for 100 parts by weight of rubber in the compound. In general, the anti-scoring agent should be a latent softener which becomes an effective lubricant only when the temperature exceeds a certain point, as under conditions which make the brake drum relatively susceptible to scoring. High melting, lubricating, relatively non-volatile, inert substances may be used.
Various alternatives may be used in place of the materials described above.
In general, the material used as the friction mi mum or binder may be one that is commonly used in friction materials and is, advantageously, semiplastic or plastic initially and semirigid in the final product. It may also be resilient. Preferably, the binder is one that is adapted to be hardened after being incorporated into the fibrous material. Thus, there may be used a drying oil, thatis, one adapted to be hardened by polymerization and/or oxidation, such as China-wood oil, linseed, or perilla oil. Such an oil, when used, is hardened in the shaped article by being maintained at an elevated temperature in the presence of air. Another binder that may be used is a resinous material, say, a phenolaldehyde condensation product. Another that may be used when the asbestos is fabricated, into a woven fabric, for example, is asphalt or other bituminous material.
The term rubber as used 'herein is intended to include natural, reclaimed, and/or synthetic rubber. A synthetic rubber that may be used is polymerized chloro-2-butadiene-1,3, of empirical formula, CHzzCcLCHzcH-z, and made as deused in association with a larger proportion of asbestos fibers, say, approximately 1 part by weight of cotton fibers fabricated with 4 parts of asbestos. In cases where heat-resistance is not required, cotton or wool fibers may be used alone, say in the form of short lengths of yarn. However, asbestos fibers are particularly desirable; because of the structure of the visible fibers which are composed individually ofbundles of microscopic, elongated crystals, the fibers are adapted to be penetrated at their frayed portions, at least, in the treatment described above, and, thereby, to become veryintimately 8550! ciated with the precipitate produced.
The fibers may be in the form of short lengths of yarn, as stated, or of a fabric, either felted or woven.
In making aproduct containing a felted fabric, lime, for example, is suspended with asbestos fibers and water in a beaterof paper mill type and the mixture felted into a paper on a paper machine, The resulting paper is then treated with a solution of sodium silicate, washed with water, dried, and impregnated with a solution of a binder, such as a drying oil, a bituminous material, or a resin dissolved in a volatile solvent. Volatile material added in the impregnation is then evaporated and the impregnated product is subjected to conventional treatment for hardening the binder therein and for compressing, if desired.
In making a product containing a woven fabric, reenforced asbestos yarn maybe immersed in an aqueous suspension of hydrated lime, for example, and then woven into a fabric, the fabric treated with sodium silicate solution, washed to remove soluble substance present after the treatment or not washed, dried, impregnated with rubber or other binder and the binder therein hardened. Or, thefabric may be woven from untreated yarn and the woven fabric treated with an aqueous suspension of hydrated lime and then with a solution of sodium silicate, and finished as described above.
The water-insoluble, inorganic substance precipitated in intimate association with the fibers, maybe one that is heat-resistant, wear-resisting under friction, non-corrodible, finely divided inform, and durable under the conditions to which 4 cipitation in sitii, preferably there is lodged within the fibers, by means of an aqueous suspension or-as-a dust, a compound of the type of lime, that is, a relatively insoluble compound of a metal adapted to produce a precipitate with a selected compound of the type of a water-soluble silicate, as, for example, an alkali metal silicate phosphate, and then applying a water solution of the said'selected compound. The subsequent operations may be performed as described-above.
- In order to preserve the semirigidity and/or resiliency of the final product containing rubber binder compound or the like, the proportion of heat-resistant inorganic precipitate in association with the flbers' therein should not be so large as to make a stone-like product and should be, for example, less than 100 parts, say approximately 50 parts for each 100 parts of the asbestos units (yarn or fabric).
It will be understood that silicated units of asbestos may be blended with untreated asbestos, in .various proportions, before the addition of 'vention.
the binder compound. Also, he binder compound may be a mixture of two or more conventional binders, such as those described above.
Thedetails that-have been given are for the purpose of illustration and not restriction, and
many variations therefrom may be made Without departing from the spirit and scope of the in-= What we claim is:
i. A friction element comprising heat-resistant fibers, a water-insoluble, heat-resistant, inorganic substance precipitated in intimate association with the said fibers, and a friction compound, in-
1 eluding a binder and an admixed anti-scoring agent, adhering the whole into a unitary product,
the. anti-scoring agent being a high melting, 1761a,
tiveiy non-volatile solid adapted, at elevated temperatures of use'oi the friction element, to modi- 2y the hardness thereof and provide lubrication and relatively insoluble compound oi a metal aoaaeeo adapted to form a precipitate in situ when a solution of another selected compound is applied, applying to the treated fibers a solution containing the said selected compound, whereby precipitation is produced, washing to remove soluble materials present after the precipitation,
drying the product, and then impregnating with a friction compound.
4. A friction element, adapted for automotive brake lining, comprising a fibrous "material including the products of the interaction, in the presence of water, of asbestos fibers, a relatively insoluble compound of the type of lime, and
a compound of the type of a water-soluble silicate and a friction binder compound adhering the said fibrous material into a unitary product, the product being substantially identical with that produced as described in claimb.
5. In making an article of manufacture adapted for use as a friction element, the method which comprises incorporating an undissolved and relatively insoluble compound, of the type of lime,
within a fibrous asbestos product, causing the said compound to react with a water-soluble substance, of the type of sodium silicate, adapted to form within the said product a precipitate with the said compound, and then applying a friction compound to the said product and precipitate contained therein.
' JAMES 'DRISCOLL.
1"" S. BRUCE.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US640134A US2033929A (en) | 1932-10-28 | 1932-10-28 | Friction element and method of making the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US640134A US2033929A (en) | 1932-10-28 | 1932-10-28 | Friction element and method of making the same |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2033929A true US2033929A (en) | 1936-03-17 |
Family
ID=24566971
Family Applications (1)
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US640134A Expired - Lifetime US2033929A (en) | 1932-10-28 | 1932-10-28 | Friction element and method of making the same |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2485458A (en) * | 1944-03-28 | 1949-10-18 | Johns Manville | Dielectric sheet and method of manufacture |
US2623084A (en) * | 1946-10-29 | 1952-12-23 | Schlumberger Prospection | Shockproof angularly deflecting instrument |
-
1932
- 1932-10-28 US US640134A patent/US2033929A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2485458A (en) * | 1944-03-28 | 1949-10-18 | Johns Manville | Dielectric sheet and method of manufacture |
US2623084A (en) * | 1946-10-29 | 1952-12-23 | Schlumberger Prospection | Shockproof angularly deflecting instrument |
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