JPH0298621A - Level and using method therefor - Google Patents
Level and using method thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0298621A JPH0298621A JP24990988A JP24990988A JPH0298621A JP H0298621 A JPH0298621 A JP H0298621A JP 24990988 A JP24990988 A JP 24990988A JP 24990988 A JP24990988 A JP 24990988A JP H0298621 A JPH0298621 A JP H0298621A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- level
- pipe
- magnetic fluid
- levelness
- coils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011553 magnetic fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Level Indicators Using A Float (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、土木建築工事で地盤の沈下などを検出するた
めに地中に横に埋設されたパイプの水平度と垂直変位を
計測する水準器およびこの水準器の使用方法に関する。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a method for measuring the horizontality and vertical displacement of pipes buried horizontally underground in order to detect ground subsidence during civil engineering construction work. Concerning the level and how to use it.
〔従来の技術および解決しようとする課題〕従来、土木
建築工事の際に山留め壁や地盤の変形を検出するために
、地中に埋設された垂直なパイプの内面上を移動させて
垂直度を計測する下げ振り式遠隔指示形の傾斜計が使用
されているが、この形式の計器は垂直な下げ振りの有効
長を比較的長くして精度を向上させるように構成される
ので、計器の長さが長くなっている。[Conventional technology and problems to be solved] Conventionally, in order to detect retaining walls and deformation of the ground during civil engineering construction work, verticality has been determined by moving on the inner surface of a vertical pipe buried underground. Plumb-type remote-indicating inclinometers have been used to measure the length of the instrument; however, this type of instrument is constructed to have a relatively long vertical plumb length to improve accuracy. The length is getting longer.
この下げ振り式傾斜計を水準器として構成すると、下げ
振りアームが計器の水平な移動方向に垂直に位置し、従
って計器の高さが増大することになり、地中の横方向に
埋設されたパイプの中に挿入できなかった。When this plumbstone inclinometer is configured as a spirit level, the plumbstone arm is positioned perpendicular to the direction of horizontal movement of the instrument, thus increasing the height of the instrument, making it easier to mount it laterally in the ground. It could not be inserted into the pipe.
また、最も多く使用されている気泡式水準器では、遠隔
指示ができないため、狭いパイプの中での計測が不可能
であった。Furthermore, the bubble level, which is the most commonly used type, does not allow remote instructions, making it impossible to measure inside narrow pipes.
このような理由から、地中の横方向に埋設されたパイプ
の各々の地点における水平度（傾斜角）およびこの水平
度から求められる垂直変位を（偏差）を正確に計測する
水準器がなかった。For this reason, there was no level that could accurately measure the horizontality (angle of inclination) at each point of a pipe buried horizontally underground and the vertical displacement (deviation) determined from this horizontality. .
従って、本発明の目的は、計器の水平移動方向に対し垂
直な高さが非常に低い高精度の遠隔指示式水準器および
この水準器の使用方法を提供することである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a highly accurate remote indicating level having a very low height perpendicular to the direction of horizontal movement of the meter, and a method for using this level.
上記の目的を解決するために、本発明による水準器は、
磁性流体を含むＵ字形管の両側の垂直部分をコイルによ
り包囲しかつＵ字形管の両垂直部分の磁性流体の液面レ
ベルがコイル内空間に位置するようにして一対の差動ト
ランスを形成し、この差動トランスをその水平部分が水
平に位置するように台車に取りつけである。In order to solve the above object, the spirit level according to the present invention comprises:
A pair of differential transformers is formed by surrounding the vertical portions on both sides of a U-shaped tube containing magnetic fluid with coils, and by placing the liquid level of the magnetic fluid in both vertical portions of the U-shaped tube in the space within the coil. This differential transformer is mounted on a truck so that its horizontal portion is positioned horizontally.
また、本発明による水準器を用いて地中の横方向に埋設
されたパイプの水平度と垂直な変位を計測する方法は、
前記水準器をこれに連結された紐によりパイプの底面上
を移動させて、定められた計測間隔ごとに水平度を測定
し、各地点の水平度に計測ピッチを乗じて垂直変位を求
めることからなる。Further, a method of measuring the horizontality and vertical displacement of a pipe buried laterally underground using a level according to the present invention is as follows:
The above-mentioned level is moved over the bottom of the pipe by a string connected to it, and the levelness is measured at predetermined measurement intervals, and the vertical displacement is determined by multiplying the levelness at each point by the measurement pitch. Become.
以下、本発明を実施例について回置により説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to examples.
第１図は、本発明による水準器の平面図であり、第２図
は第１図の線ｆｆ−ｆｆに沿って切断した縦断面図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a plan view of a spirit level according to the invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line ff--ff in FIG.
地中の横に埋設されたパイプ１の底面上に本発明による
水準器の台車２が載っている。この台車２は、二つの縦
材３．３′と、これらの縦材を結合する二つの横材４．
４′とからなる。A level truck 2 according to the present invention is placed on the bottom surface of a pipe 1 buried horizontally in the ground. This truck 2 consists of two longitudinal members 3.3' and two cross members 4.3' that connect these longitudinal members.
4'.
縦材３．３′の両端部には、車軸５．５′が取りつけら
れ、これらの車軸にそれぞれ、水平度を捕らえるための
二つのローラ６．６′と７．７′が回転可能に装着され
ている。Axles 5.5' are attached to both ends of the longitudinal members 3.3', and two rollers 6.6' and 7.7' are rotatably mounted on these axles, respectively, for determining levelness. has been done.
このように構成された台車３の横材４．４′に、本発明
による磁性流体とコイルを用いた差動トランス１０が固
定されている。この差動トランス１０は、磁性流体１１
を含む非磁性、高電気抵抗の材質（例えばガラス）の０
字形管１２を有し、この０字形管１２はその水平部分が
水平に位置するように横材４．４′に堅く保持されてい
る。０字形管１２の垂直部１２ａ、１２ｂの上端は、蓋
で密閉される。磁性流体は水や有機溶媒などの液体の中
に強磁性の超微粒子を界面活性剤などを介して安定に分
散させたコロイド溶液であり、液体にもかかわらず鉄の
ように磁石に強く吸引される液体として知られている。A differential transformer 10 using a magnetic fluid and a coil according to the present invention is fixed to the cross member 4.4' of the truck 3 configured as described above. This differential transformer 10 includes a magnetic fluid 11
0 of non-magnetic, high electrical resistance materials (e.g. glass) containing
It has a 0-shaped tube 12 which is rigidly held on the crosspiece 4.4' in such a way that its horizontal part lies horizontally. The upper ends of the vertical parts 12a, 12b of the 0-shaped tube 12 are sealed with lids. A magnetic fluid is a colloidal solution in which ultrafine ferromagnetic particles are stably dispersed in a liquid such as water or an organic solvent via a surfactant, etc. Despite being a liquid, it is strongly attracted to a magnet like iron. It is known as a liquid that
０字形管１２の二つの垂直部分１２ａと１２ｂを、それ
ぞれ差動トランスのコイル１３．１３′が取り囲んでお
り、磁性流体１１の液面レベルはこれらのコイル１３．
１３′内の空間に位置し、かつ常に一定に保たれており
、磁性流体１１は差動トランス１０の鉄心として差動す
る。コイル１３．１３′は、鉄心としての磁性流体１１
を介して一対の差動トランス１０を形成しており、コイ
ルの外側が一次コイル１３ａ、１３ａ’であり、内側が
二次コイル１３ｂ、１３ｂ′である。結線は、通常の差
動トランスと同じであり、二次コイル１３ｂ、１３ｂ′
は左右差動結線に、かつ−次コイル１３ａ、１３ａ′は
左右和動結線に接続されている。二つのコイル１３と１
３′の間の中心線間隔ｌを大きくすれば、水準器の高さ
を増すことなく感度を上げることができる。ケーブル１
４は差動トランスの一次コイル１３ａ、、１３ａ’に電
流を送り、二次コイル１３ｂ、１３ｂ’に発生した信号
電圧を地中に埋設されたパイプエの外に送り出すのに役
立つ。The two vertical sections 12a and 12b of the 0-shaped tube 12 are each surrounded by coils 13, 13' of a differential transformer, and the liquid level of the magnetic fluid 11 is controlled by these coils 13.13'.
The magnetic fluid 11 is located in the space within the differential transformer 13' and is always kept constant, and the magnetic fluid 11 acts as an iron core of the differential transformer 10. The coils 13 and 13' contain the magnetic fluid 11 as an iron core.
A pair of differential transformers 10 are formed through the coils, with primary coils 13a and 13a' on the outside of the coils, and secondary coils 13b and 13b' on the inside. The wiring is the same as a normal differential transformer, with secondary coils 13b and 13b'
are connected to left and right differential connections, and the secondary coils 13a and 13a' are connected to left and right summation connections. two coils 13 and 1
By increasing the centerline spacing l between 3' and 3', the sensitivity can be increased without increasing the height of the spirit level. cable 1
4 serves to send a current to the primary coils 13a, 13a' of the differential transformer, and to send the signal voltage generated in the secondary coils 13b, 13b' out of the underground pipe.
台車２の両端には、繊維または金属性の紐Ｉ５．１５′
が取りつけられ、これによって台車２をパイプ１の底面
上で左右に移動させることができる。A fiber or metal string I5.15' is attached to both ends of the trolley 2.
is attached, and thereby the trolley 2 can be moved left and right on the bottom surface of the pipe 1.
〔作用］
このように構成された水準器の使用に際しては、水準器
を紐１５．１５′を用いて地中に横方向に埋設されたパ
イプの片側より挿入し、定められた計測間隔（例えば５
０ ｃｍ〜１ｍ）で計測し、反対側より引き出す、この
とき、パイプ１の水平度（ｔａｎｇｅｎｔ）は、ローラ
６．６′、７．７′および縦材３．３′、横材４．４′
を介して、二個の差動トランスのコイル１３．１３’の
相対的な上下の高さの差となって表れるが、一方Ｕ字形
管１２内の二つの垂直部１２ａ、１２ｂ内の磁性流体の
液面レベルは常に水平に維持されかつ一定である。従っ
て、差動トランスの二次コイル１３ｂ、１３ｂ’には、
パイプの水平度（ｔａｎｇｅｎ ｔ）に比例した信号電
圧が発生し、この電圧がケーブル１４を経てパイプ１の
外に導き出され、指示計または記録計などにより地中の
横方向に埋設されたパイプ１の水平度を知ることができ
る。なお、計測の精度を上げるために、本発明の水準器
の左右を反転して同じ計測を繰り返し、同一地点の二つ
のデータからその地点の水平度をいっそう高い信頼性で
求めることができる。このようにして得られた各地点の
水平度（ｔａｎｇｅｎｔ）に計測ピッチを乗することに
より、その地点の左右−測定ピッチごとの垂直変位が求
められる。さらに、パイプ１の片方の端末を基準点とし
て前記垂直変位を累積すれば、地中の横方向に埋設され
たパイプ全体の垂直変位（偏差）を知ることができる。[Operation] When using the level configured in this way, the level is inserted from one side of the pipe buried horizontally underground using the string 15, 15', and the level is set at a predetermined measurement interval (e.g. 5
0 cm to 1 m) and pull it out from the opposite side. At this time, the horizontality (tangent) of the pipe 1 is the rollers 6.6', 7.7', the vertical member 3.3', and the horizontal member 4.4. ′
This appears as a difference in the relative heights of the coils 13 and 13' of the two differential transformers, while the magnetic fluid in the two vertical parts 12a and 12b in the U-shaped tube 12 The liquid level is always maintained horizontally and constant. Therefore, in the secondary coils 13b and 13b' of the differential transformer,
A signal voltage proportional to the levelness (tangen t) of the pipe is generated, and this voltage is led out of the pipe 1 through the cable 14, and is connected to the pipe 1 buried laterally underground using an indicator or recorder. You can know the levelness of In addition, in order to improve the accuracy of measurement, the same measurement can be repeated by reversing the left and right sides of the spirit level of the present invention, and the levelness of the point can be determined with even higher reliability from the two data of the same point. By multiplying the horizontality (tangent) of each point obtained in this way by the measurement pitch, the vertical displacement of the point from left to right for each measurement pitch is determined. Furthermore, by accumulating the vertical displacements using one end of the pipe 1 as a reference point, it is possible to know the vertical displacement (deviation) of the entire pipe buried laterally underground.
本発明では、磁性流体を含むＵ字形管の両側の垂直部分
をコイルにより包囲し、かつＵ字形管の両垂直部分内の
磁性流体の液面レベルがコイル内空間に位置するように
して一対の差動トランスを構成し、この差動トランスを
その水平部分が台車に水平に位置するように取付けたの
で、Ｕ字形管の垂直部分の高さを非常に低（とることが
でき、従ってきわめて高さの低い高精度の可動式水準器
を作ることができ、地中に横に埋設されたパイプに容易
に挿入して水平度を計測できる。In the present invention, the vertical portions on both sides of a U-shaped tube containing magnetic fluid are surrounded by coils, and the liquid level of the magnetic fluid in both vertical portions of the U-shaped tube is located in the coil internal space. By constructing a differential transformer and mounting this differential transformer in such a way that its horizontal part lies horizontally on the trolley, the height of the vertical part of the U-shaped tube can be made very low (and therefore very high). It is possible to make a highly accurate movable level with a low height, and it can be easily inserted into a pipe buried horizontally underground to measure levelness.
本発明の水準器を用いると、例えば次のような計測が可
能となる。By using the spirit level of the present invention, the following measurements can be made, for example.
巨大オイルタンクの底板は経時変化に伴い凹凸を生ずる
が、予めオイルタンクの底板の下に本発明の水準器を挿
入するパイプを設置しておくことにより、タンク内部の
オイルの有無に関係なく何時でも容易にタンク底板の変
位の計測を実施することができる。これによって、オイ
ルタンクの底板の亀裂に伴う漏油事故を未然に防ぐ有力
な情報を得ることができる。The bottom plate of a huge oil tank becomes uneven over time, but by installing a pipe in advance to insert the spirit level of the present invention under the bottom plate of the oil tank, it can be easily checked at any time regardless of whether there is oil inside the tank. However, the displacement of the tank bottom plate can be easily measured. This makes it possible to obtain useful information to prevent oil leakage accidents caused by cracks in the bottom plate of oil tanks.
また、盛土による地盤改良工事において、現地盤と盛土
との境界に予め本発明の水準器を挿入するパイプを埋設
することにより、地盤の各々の地点の沈下量を正確に求
めることができ、従ってその地点の正確な地盤常数が求
められ、以降の施工に重要な資料を提供することになる
。In addition, in ground improvement work using embankments, by burying a pipe into which the level of the present invention is inserted in advance at the boundary between the local ground and the embankment, it is possible to accurately determine the amount of subsidence at each point on the ground. Accurate ground constants at that point will be determined, providing important data for subsequent construction.
また、市街地の地下鉄掘削工事に伴い、地上または周辺
地盤への影響を調べるために、予め掘削予定地に本発明
の水準器を挿入するパイプを埋設しておくことにより、
掘削に伴う地盤の沈下またはグラウト材注入に伴う浮き
上がりを知ることができる。このことは、本発明の水準
器により水平度の計測を実施しながら、グラウト材の注
入作業を行えば、沈下、浮き上がり零の施工を行うこと
ができることを意味する。In addition, in order to examine the impact on the ground or surrounding ground during subway excavation work in urban areas, by burying a pipe into which the spirit level of the present invention will be inserted in the planned excavation area in advance,
You can see if the ground is sinking due to excavation or rising due to grout injection. This means that if the grouting work is carried out while measuring the levelness using the spirit level of the present invention, construction can be carried out with zero settling or uplifting.
第１図は本発明による水準器の平面図、第２図は第１図
の線■−Ｈに沿って切断した縦断面図である。
図面参照符号
ｌ・・・パイプ、２・・・台車、１０・・・差動トラン
ス、１１・・・磁性流体、１２・・Ｕ字形管、１２ａ、
１２ｂ＝−垂直部分、１３．１３’ ・・・コイルFIG. 1 is a plan view of a spirit level according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view taken along line 1--H in FIG. Drawing reference numerals l...Pipe, 2...Dolly, 10...Differential transformer, 11...Magnetic fluid, 12...U-shaped pipe, 12a,
12b=-vertical part, 13.13'...coil
Claims (2)
変位を計測するための水準器において、磁性流体を含む
Ｕ字形管の両側の垂直部分をコイルにより包囲しかつＵ
字形管の両垂直部分の磁性流体の液面レベルがコイル内
空間に位置するようにして一対の差動トランスを形成し
、この差動トランスをその水平部分が台車に水平に位置
するように取りつけたことを特徴とする水準器。(1) In a spirit level for measuring the horizontality and vertical displacement of a pipe buried laterally underground, the vertical portions on both sides of a U-shaped pipe containing magnetic fluid are surrounded by coils, and the
A pair of differential transformers are formed so that the liquid level of the magnetic fluid in both vertical parts of the shaped tube is located in the coil inner space, and this differential transformer is installed so that its horizontal part is located horizontally on the trolley. A spirit level characterized by:
埋設されたパイプの水平度と垂直な変位を計測する方法
において、前記水準器をこれに連結された紐によりパイ
プの底面上を移動させて、定められた計測間隔ごとに水
平度を測定し、各地点の水平度に計測ピッチを乗じて垂
直変位を求めることを特徴とする方法。(2) In the method for measuring the horizontality and vertical displacement of a pipe buried laterally in the ground using a level according to claim 1, the level is connected to a string connected to the level of the pipe. A method characterized by moving the bottom surface, measuring the levelness at predetermined measurement intervals, and calculating the vertical displacement by multiplying the levelness at each point by the measurement pitch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24990988A JPH0298621A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1988-10-05 | Level and using method therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24990988A JPH0298621A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1988-10-05 | Level and using method therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0298621A true JPH0298621A (en) | 1990-04-11 |
Family
ID=17200001
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24990988A Pending JPH0298621A (en) | 1988-10-05 | 1988-10-05 | Level and using method therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0298621A (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5335542B2 (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1978-09-27 | ||
| JPS6145915A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-03-06 | Kandenkou:Kk | Method for measuring depth of underground pipe |
-
1988
- 1988-10-05 JP JP24990988A patent/JPH0298621A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5335542B2 (en) * | 1972-10-30 | 1978-09-27 | ||
| JPS6145915A (en) * | 1984-08-10 | 1986-03-06 | Kandenkou:Kk | Method for measuring depth of underground pipe |
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