JPH0293031A - Manufacture of fiber reinforced composite material - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To orient reinforced fiber in the title material and to improve its strength by providing the contact surface between a pressurizing cylinder container and a fiber reinforced composite stock charged therein with shearing force in the revolving direction as pressurized. CONSTITUTION:A stock 4 constituted of a base material M and reinforcing fiber (f) are charged to a pressing cylinder container 1. The contact surface between the above container 1 and the stock 4 in the internal surface of the container 1 is revolved in the state of pressurizing the stock 4 to provide the stock 4 as pressurized with shearing force in the revolving direction. The reinforcing fiber (f) is then oriented in the revolving direction in the base metal M.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced composite material in which fibers are mixed into a base material such as metal or synthetic resin.

[Conventional technology]

Fiber-reinforced composites are made of metal or synthetic resin as a base material, and by mixing fibers with high strength and rigidity as reinforcing materials, making the fibers bear the force that acts on the material. The purpose is to obtain excellent mechanical properties that cannot be obtained from other materials, and by using lightweight, high elasticity, and high strength fibers, materials with high specific modulus and specific strength can be obtained. Furthermore, by using heat-resistant fibers, it is possible to obtain materials that have excellent properties even at high temperatures.

The fibers mixed into the base material include long fibers (continuous fibers) and short fibers (discontinuous fibers), and when long fibers are used, the mechanical properties of the material in the length direction of the fibers are Furthermore, when short fibers are used, by orienting the fibers in the base material in a specific direction, it is possible to achieve an improvement in the mechanical properties of the material in the direction in which the fibers are oriented. As described above, methods for orienting short fibers in a composite material in a specific direction include, for example, the extrusion method shown in FIG. 12 to produce a wire rod, or the rolling method shown in FIG. 13 to produce a sheet material. method is known.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in the above extrusion method or rolling method, the fibers f mixed into the base material M are the base material M linearly extruded from the extrusion roll, the sheet-like base material M sent out from the rolling roll, or the opening. The fibers are oriented only in the longitudinal direction of the material, and the material cannot be strengthened by orienting the fibers in other directions.

In addition, especially in the case of fiber-reinforced metals that use metal materials as the base material, when the base material is heated to a high temperature or molten in order to mix fibers into the metal base material, fibers may be mixed with the base material. In the case of metals such as titanium, which is extremely active at high temperatures, or metals that are easily oxidized by oxygen in the air, such as aluminum, these metal substrates themselves may cause a reaction at the interface with the fibers, resulting in a decrease in the strength of the fibers. There is a problem in that the strength of the material decreases due to chemical changes in the material. For example, the combination of Al and SiC reacts at high temperatures (in a molten state) and forms a compound at the interface between the two, resulting in a decrease in the strength of the composite material. Therefore, in the conventional method, it was necessary to subject SiC to surface treatment.

In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a fiber-reinforced composite material in which short fibers are oriented in a specific direction in a base material. By orienting the fibers in the direction of rotation in the composite material, it is possible to improve the mechanical properties of the material in the radial and circumferential directions. By mechanically processing the base material without making it into a molten state, it is possible to prevent material strength from decreasing due to chemical reactions between the base material, fibers, or the two. The objective is to obtain a fiber-reinforced composite material with excellent physical and mechanical properties.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has been developed by rotating a contact surface with the material on the inner surface of the cylinder container while pressurizing a material consisting of a base material and reinforcing fibers in a pressurized cylinder container. The reinforcing fibers are oriented in the rotational direction in the base material by applying a shearing force in the rotational direction to the material.

The application of shearing force to the material described above can be achieved by rotating the side end surface of the inner surface of the pressurized cylinder container that is in contact with the material and applying shearing force in the rotational direction to the pressurized material from that end surface, or by rotating the side end surface of the pressurized cylinder container that is in contact with the material. By rotating the inner circumferential surface in contact with the material, applying a shearing force in the rotational direction from the outer circumferential surface to the pressurized material, and further changing the length of the rotating surface of the pressurized cylinder container relative to the material in contact with it. Various methods may be employed, such as applying shear force to the material by moving it in the direction.

The materials include a solid material made by mixing reinforcing fibers into a base material, a mixture of a powdered base material and reinforcing fibers,
A base material made by mixing reinforcing fibers into a base material in a molten state, or a base material coated with a reinforcing fiber, or a base material made by laminating a large number of thin layered materials, and forming a base material between each layer of this base material. Various types of materials can be used, such as those in which reinforcing fibers are interposed and mixed.

[For production]

The present invention is constructed as described above, and a base material containing fibers is subjected to a shearing force in the rotational direction while being pressurized in a container, so that the base material flows plastically in the rotational direction inside the material. With the plastic flow of the material, the fibers mixed in the base material are oriented in the rotation direction, that is, the circumferential direction, and the crystal grains of the base material are plastically deformed and refined, and the internal structure of the base material is homogenized. Due to these effects, the base material itself is also strengthened. Since this pressurizing operation is performed in a pressurized container, the shearing force in the rotational direction applied to the material is reliably applied to the material, and even if solid material is used as the material, cranks etc. This prevents this from occurring and causes the fibers to flow internally to orient the fibers, while also effectively strengthening the material itself. In addition, even when a powder material is used as a base material, the powder particles of the base material are plastically deformed by pressure and shearing, resulting in adhesion, and the crystal grains are made finer and more homogenized. The material can be solidified and made into a composite material.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained in more detail below.

The fiber-reinforced composite materials produced according to the present invention include fiber-reinforced metals using a metal material as a base material and fiber-reinforced plastics using a synthetic resin as a base material.

In the case of the fiber-reinforced metal, the base material includes, for example, Mg, Al, Ti, or a Fe5Ni-based alloy. Examples of reinforcing fibers mixed in these include silicon carbide fibers, carbon fibers, alumina fibers, boron fibers, or 5iCSSi3N4 and Aj2203 as whiskers.
etc. In addition, base materials for fiber-reinforced plastics include thermosetting resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, and phenol resins, and thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, nylon, and polystyrene resins. Examples of the fibers mixed into the base material include carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, and metal fibers.

In the present invention, by applying a shearing force in the rotational direction under pressure to a material consisting of a base material such as metal or synthetic resin and reinforcing fibers, plastic flow is generated inside the base material. At the same time, it also strengthens the base material.

The above-mentioned materials include solid materials obtained by mixing reinforcing fibers into a base material, materials obtained by mixing a powdered base material and reinforcing fibers, materials obtained by mixing reinforcing fibers into a molten base material, and even reinforcing fibers. Various types of materials can be used, such as those made by coating a base material on the base material, or those made by laminating multiple layers of thin base materials and sandwiching reinforcing fibers between each layer and winding them into a roll shape. Can be used. Furthermore, when a solid or powder base material is used, the base material may become molten due to generation of frictional heat during pressurization and shearing.

It is also considered to heat the solid or powdered material as necessary during pressurization and shear processing, and to cool the composite material obtained after processing.

Furthermore, the material temperature may be adjusted by supplying the material in advance as a molten state or a state close to it, and lowering the temperature during pressurization and shearing so that the material temperature becomes equal to or lower than the recrystallization temperature at the end of the processing.

The following will be explained based on the attached drawings. What is shown in FIGS. A material 4 made of a base material M mixed with fibers F is loaded into a cylindrical internal space that constitutes a container 3 and is formed between the cylinder 1 and the pressurizing piston 2, and pressurized. It is used for shearing.

The pressurizing piston 2 of the cylinder container 3 is the cylinder 1
It is inserted so that it can slide inward from the open end and rotate around the axis, and pressurizes the material 4 loaded inside the container 3 by pressing it toward the bottom surface 1a of the cylinder 1 with the piston 2. By rotating the pressure piston 2 around its axis in a pressurized state and applying shearing force from the end surface 2a of the pressure piston to the end surface of the material 4 that is in contact with the end surface, the base material inside the material 4 is removed. The material M is caused to flow plastically, and the fibers f are oriented as the base material M flows. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, a coating 7 made of synthetic resin or the like with a small coefficient of friction may be formed on the inner circumferential surface 1b of the cylinder 1, or a sliding ring or the like may be interposed between it and the material 4. This reduces the frictional force generated between the inner circumferential surface 1b and the material 4 in contact with it, and the shearing force applied to the material 4 due to the rotation of the pressure piston 2 is reduced to the inner circumferential surface 1b of the cylinder 1. The material 4 was pressurized between the pressure piston end surface 2a and the cylinder bottom surface 1a by the shear force caused by the rotation of the pressure piston 2, without inhibiting the transmission of the material 4 to the lower part due to the frictional force between the pressure piston 2 and the cylinder bottom surface 1a. In this state, the base material M plastically flows in the rotating direction. What is shown in Fig. 4 is the material 4 at this time.
This shows the orientation of the fibers f due to the plastic flow of the base material M inside, and as shown in FIG. 4(a), the cylindrical material 4 is
The rotation of the piston 2 applies a shearing force in the rotational direction to the upper end surface 4a under pressure P from both the upper and lower end surfaces, and the base material M in the material 4 plastically flows in the rotational direction. The fibers f mixed therein were oriented in the flow direction of the base material M, that is, in the rotating direction, and finally, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), almost all the fibers f were oriented in the circumferential direction in the composite material. state. What is shown in FIG. 5 is a comparison of the state of orientation of fibers f when a composite material obtained by the above method and a composite material obtained by a conventional method are respectively formed into a cylindrical shape. (Figure 5 (a))
In contrast to the cylindrical base material M in which the fibers f are oriented in the circumferential direction, the extrusion method (Fig. 5 (b)
) are oriented in a direction parallel to the axis of the cylindrical shape. In addition, in the drawing method (Fig. 5 (c)), the fibers f are oriented in a direction perpendicular to the axis, and the orientation of the fibers f in the composite material in the method of the present invention is different from that in the conventional method. The fiber orientation is preferable for composite materials that require strength in the circumferential direction, such as disk-shaped or ring-shaped products, for example.

Next, what is shown in FIG. 6 is an apparatus for producing a ring-shaped fiber-reinforced composite material, in which a cylinder container 3 is constituted by a cylinder 1 with a bottom and a pressurizing piston 2. A protruding shaft 6 protruding from the tip of the pressure piston 2 is inserted into the through hole 5 provided at the center of the bottom surface, and the material 4 is loaded into the ring-shaped space formed by the cylinder 1 and the pressure piston 2. By applying pressure with the pressurizing piston 2 and rotating the pressurizing piston 2 around its axis, the rotational direction relative to the material 4 is generated from the lower end surface 2a of the pressurizing piston 2 and the outer circumferential surface 6a of the protruding shaft 6. This results in a shearing force of . At this time, as shown in FIG. 7, the cylinder bottom surface 1a and the lower end surface 2a of the pressurizing piston are coated with a film made of synthetic resin or the like having a small coefficient of friction, or a sliding ring 8 is interposed between them and the material 4. By so doing, shearing force in the rotational direction is transmitted from only the protruding shaft outer circumferential surface 6a toward the outer circumferential direction of the ring-shaped material 4. At this time, the fibers f in the material 4 are oriented in the circumferential direction in the ring-shaped base material M as shown in FIG. 8, and the mechanical strength in the circumferential direction required for the ring-shaped product is improved.

Moreover, what is shown in FIGS. 9(a) to 9(c) shows another method according to the present invention, in which a cylinder 1 with openings at both ends is used.
With the material 4 loaded inside being pressurized by the pressurizing pistons 2 and 2' fitted from the openings at both ends of the cylinder 1, one pressurizing piston 2 is rotated, and the cylinder 1 is
By rotating a part 11 of the cylinder 1 with respect to the other part 12 of the cylinder 1, the pressurizing piston 2 and 2' to the left in the figure,
By sequentially passing the entire material 4 through the boundary surface A, a shearing force in the rotational direction is applied uniformly over the entire length of the material 4 to orient the fibers f. In this case, the plastic flow of the base material M and the orientation of the fibers f in the material 4 are as shown in FIG. That is, while the material 4 is pressurized from both ends in the cylinder by pressure pistons, a shearing force in the rotational direction is applied at the interface A between the relatively rotating adjacent rotating part 11 and fixed part 12. plastic flow in the direction of rotation occurs in this part.

Then, the material 4 is moved within the cylinder 1 and passed through the boundary surface A from one end to the other, causing the base material M to plastically flow over the entire material 4, thereby orienting the fibers f.

Furthermore, FIG. 11 shows another embodiment of the present invention, in which a rotary cylinder part 11 with one end closed is opened at both ends, fixed in the rotational direction, and fixed in the axial direction. A movable movable cylinder part 15 is inserted, and a pressurizing piston 2 is inserted into the open end of the movable cylinder part 15 to form a pressurizing cylinder container 3. By rotating the rotary cylinder part 11 while pressurizing the material 4 loaded inside the container 3 and moving the movable cylinder part 15 backward in the direction of the pressurizing piston 2, the material 4 is located within the rotary cylinder part ll. By applying a shearing force in the rotational direction to the material 4 at the open end surface B of the moving cylinder portion 15, the base material M is caused to plastically flow in the rotational direction and the fibers f are oriented.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the method for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced composite material according to the present invention, by mixing reinforcing fibers into a base material such as metal or synthetic resin, physical
A composite material having mechanical strength can be produced, and by orienting the fibers in the material in the direction of rotation, it has excellent mechanical properties in the circumferential direction.
It is possible to provide a composite material that has favorable strength when formed into a disk shape or a ring shape, and it also enables the reinforcement of the base material itself along with the orientation of the fibers, resulting in a more excellent mechanical strength as a composite material. It can impart strength.

Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, even in the case of a solid or powdery 4° base material, fibers can be easily incorporated into the base material by mechanical processing without heating or melting the base material. mixed,
Moreover, it can be oriented in a specific direction, and the strength of the base material and fibers does not decrease due to chemical reactions during processing, making it possible to provide composite materials with excellent physical properties.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a pressurized cylinder container for carrying out the method of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a side cross-sectional view for explaining the method of the present invention using the cylinder container, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the plastic flow of the base material and the orientation of fibers in the method,
Figure 5 compares the fiber orientation state in composite materials produced by various manufacturing methods, with (a) produced by the method of the present invention, (b) produced by the extrusion method, and (c) produced by the rolling method. , FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view for explaining the method of the present invention using another cylinder container, FIG. 7 is a side cross-sectional view for explaining another embodiment of the method, and FIG. Explanatory drawings showing plastic flow and fiber orientation, Figures 9 (a) to (c)
10 is an explanatory diagram showing the plastic flow of the base material and fiber orientation in the method of FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is an explanatory side sectional view of another embodiment. and
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional extrusion method, and FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional rolling method. l Niji cylinder - 12: Pressurized piston, 3: Pressurized cylinder container, 4: Material, 5: Through hole, 6: Projected shaft, 7: Coating,
8: Ring, 9: Supply port, 11: Rotating part, 12: Fixed part, 15: Moving part. M: base material, f: fiber. Patent applicant Ibuari Research Co., Ltd. (1 other person)

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) A material consisting of a base material and reinforcing fibers is placed under pressure in a pressurized cylinder container, and the contact surface with the material on the inner surface of the cylinder container is rotated to transfer the material under the pressurized state. A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material, which comprises orienting reinforcing fibers in a rotational direction in a base material by applying a shearing force in the rotational direction. 2) A shearing force in the rotational direction is applied to the pressurized material from the end surface by rotating the side end surface in contact with the material on the inner surface of the pressurized cylinder container, according to claim 1. Method for manufacturing fiber reinforced composite material. 3) A shearing force in the rotational direction is applied to the pressurized material from its outer circumferential surface by rotating the inner circumferential surface in contact with the material of the pressurized cylinder container, according to claim 1. A method for producing a fiber reinforced composite material. 4) The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotating surface of the pressurized cylinder container is moved in the longitudinal direction of the material in contact with it to apply shearing force to the material. manufacturing method. 5) The method for manufacturing a fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is a solid material in which reinforcing fibers are mixed into the base material. 6) Claim 1, characterized in that the material is a mixture of a powdered base material and reinforcing fibers.
A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material as described in Section 1. 7) A method for producing a fiber reinforced composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the material is a base material in a molten state mixed with reinforcing fibers. 8) A method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein the material is a reinforcing fiber coated with a base material. 9) The fiber-reinforced composite material according to claim 1, which is made of a base material formed by laminating multiple thin layers of materials, with reinforcing fibers mixed between adjacent thin layers. manufacturing method.