JPH0275734A - Diesel engine with turbocharger - Google Patents

Diesel engine with turbocharger

Info

Publication number
JPH0275734A
JPH0275734A JP22800988A JP22800988A JPH0275734A JP H0275734 A JPH0275734 A JP H0275734A JP 22800988 A JP22800988 A JP 22800988A JP 22800988 A JP22800988 A JP 22800988A JP H0275734 A JPH0275734 A JP H0275734A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
supercharger
rotation
engine
speed
intake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP22800988A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2505549B2 (en
Inventor
Shunichi Aoyama
俊一 青山
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority to JP22800988A priority Critical patent/JP2505549B2/en
Publication of JPH0275734A publication Critical patent/JPH0275734A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2505549B2 publication Critical patent/JP2505549B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Landscapes

  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve starting performance by acceleration-controlling a supercharger driven by an engine and provided in an air intake system in a way that the ratio of speed of rotation of the supercharger to the speed of rotation of a crankshaft is increased at the time of starting the engine and also narrowing an intake passage. CONSTITUTION:When a dievel engine 1 is started, in a control unit 21, a glow plag is operated to heat a swirl flow chamber and also, the first clutch 13 is released, the secondary clutch 14 is engaged to drive a motor 7, the rotation of the supercharger 5 is acceleration-controlled according to the temperature of intake air flow into the supercharger 5, and also, a throttle valve 35 provided in an intake pipe 2 at the upper stream side of the supercharger 5 is closed by a diaphragm device 37 by using the discharge pressure of the supercharger 5. Namely, at the time of starting, as intake air temperature is lowered like this, 10, 0, -10, -20 deg.C, the rotation of the motor 7 is controlled to raise the number of rotation of the supercharger 5 to increase the ratio eta = Ns/Ne of the speed Ns of rotation of the supercharger 5 to the speed Ne of rotation of the crankshaft 4 and the temperature of the intake air discharged from the supercharger 5 is increased properly.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (産業上の利用分野) 本発明は、機械式過給機を備えたディーゼル機関に関す
る。
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a diesel engine equipped with a mechanical supercharger.

(従来の技術および課M) ディーゼル機関は圧縮着火を行うため、寒冷時に始動性
が大きく悪化し、特に渦流室式のディーゼル機関の場合
、吸気が渦流室に流入する際に冷却されて、ピストンの
圧縮により得られる吸気温度が低下するので、機関の圧
縮比を21〜23と、直噴式の圧縮比が17〜19であ
るのに比べて高く設定して圧縮温度を上昇させ、始動性
および暖機性を確保する必要があった。
(Conventional technology and Section M) Diesel engines use compression ignition, so starting performance deteriorates greatly in cold weather. Especially in the case of diesel engines with a swirl chamber, when the intake air flows into the swirl chamber, it is cooled and the piston is heated. Since the intake air temperature obtained by compression of It was necessary to ensure warm-up performance.

しかしながら、ディーゼル機関においてこのように高圧
縮比に設定された場合、暖機後の運転条件では、燃焼に
よるピーク圧力が100kg/cm2を越えるオーダと
なり、それに耐えられるようなピストン、コンロッドお
よびクランク軸のそれぞれ強度が要求されることにより
、往復運動部材の質量増加、また筒内圧力が上昇するこ
とに上り7リクシaンの増大を招き、その結果機関回転
数の上昇に伴ってトルク損失が大島(なり、lf1M回
転敗回転限が例えば5000 rpmと、ガソリン機関
の7000 rpmに比べて大巾に制限され、機関出力
を低下させる要因になった(例えば待閏昭61−238
29号公報参照)。
However, when a diesel engine is set to such a high compression ratio, the peak pressure due to combustion will be on the order of over 100 kg/cm2 under operating conditions after warm-up, and the piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft must be designed to withstand it. As each strength is required, the mass of the reciprocating member increases, and the pressure inside the cylinder increases, resulting in an increase in 7 yx. As a result, as the engine speed increases, the torque loss increases ( As a result, the lf1M rotation failure speed limit was, for example, 5,000 rpm, which was much more limited than the 7,000 rpm of a gasoline engine, which caused a reduction in engine output (for example,
(See Publication No. 29).

本発明は、こうした従来の問題点に着目し、ディーゼル
機関の運松性詣を損なうことがなく、始動性を改善する
ことを目的とする。
The present invention focuses on these conventional problems and aims to improve the startability of a diesel engine without impairing its performance.

(問題点を解決するための手段) 上記目的を達成するため本発明では、機関の吸気系にク
ランク軸に同Mして回転駆動される容積型過給機を備え
たディーゼル機関において、機関始動時に前記過給機の
回転数Nsと前記クランク軸の回転数Neの比?=Ns
/Neが大きくなるように前記過給機を増速する手段を
設け、かつ吸気通路の途中に絞弁を設け、始動時にこの
絞弁の開度を小さくする駆動手段を設けた。
(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for starting the engine in a diesel engine equipped with a positive displacement supercharger in the intake system of the engine that is rotatably driven by the crankshaft. When is the ratio of the rotation speed Ns of the supercharger to the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft? =Ns
A means for increasing the speed of the supercharger so that /Ne becomes larger is provided, a throttle valve is provided in the middle of the intake passage, and a drive means is provided for reducing the opening degree of the throttle valve at the time of startup.

(作用) 上記構成に基づき、始動時に過給機を増速回転すること
により、過給機から吐出t7+!気温度と圧力を共に上
昇させるが、この始動時に絞弁が吸気通路を紋ることに
より、絞弁を通過する空気流は等エンタルピ膨張により
その温度をほとんど低下させずにその圧力を大幅に低下
させる。これにより、ピストン圧縮時における燃焼室の
温度を大幅に上昇させて着火性を確保するとともに、燃
焼のピーク圧力を低減して始動時における機関振動を抑
制できる。
(Function) Based on the above configuration, by increasing the speed of the turbocharger at startup, the turbocharger discharges t7+! Both the temperature and pressure of the air rise, but since the throttle valve blocks the intake passage during this startup, the airflow passing through the throttle valve undergoes isenthalpic expansion, which causes the pressure to drop significantly with almost no drop in temperature. let As a result, the temperature of the combustion chamber during piston compression can be significantly increased to ensure ignitability, and the peak pressure of combustion can be reduced to suppress engine vibration during startup.

このように過給機の増速回転により始動性が確保される
ことにより、[9の圧縮比を低めに設定しで、始動後の
通常連11ii−時における燃焼のピーク圧力を低減す
ることが可能となり、8!閏の高回転化がはかれる。
In this way, by ensuring startability by increasing the speed of the turbocharger, it is possible to set the compression ratio of [9] low to reduce the peak pressure of combustion during the normal cycle 11ii- after startup. Now possible, 8! The leap speed can be increased.

(実施例) 以下、本発明の一実施例を添付図面に基づいて説明する
(Example) Hereinafter, one example of the present invention will be described based on the accompanying drawings.

第1図、第2図にそれぞれ示すように、過給機5は渦流
室式ディーゼル機関1の吸気管2に接続され、一対のロ
ーフ10がケーシング19との気密を保ちながら回転す
ることにより、エアクリーナ3から取り入れた吸気を機
関1の各気筒に過給するようになっている。
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the supercharger 5 is connected to the intake pipe 2 of the swirl chamber type diesel engine 1, and the pair of loaves 10 rotate while maintaining airtightness with the casing 19. The intake air taken in from the air cleaner 3 is supercharged to each cylinder of the engine 1.

過給機5は2つの駆動軸11.12を備え、各駆動軸1
1.12に第一、第二電磁クラッチ13゜14を介して
プーリ15,1Gがそれぞれ連結される。
The supercharger 5 comprises two drive shafts 11.12, each drive shaft 1
1.12, pulleys 15 and 1G are connected via first and second electromagnetic clutches 13 and 14, respectively.

一方のプーリ15は機関1のクランク軸4に取付けられ
たプーリ6との闇にベルト17が掛は回され、第一電磁
クラッチ13の接続により過給機5が機関1に同期して
駆動される。
A belt 17 is connected to one pulley 15 and a pulley 6 attached to the crankshaft 4 of the engine 1, and the supercharger 5 is driven in synchronization with the engine 1 by connecting the first electromagnetic clutch 13. Ru.

図中7は電動モータで、その出カ紬8にはプーリ9が連
結され、このプーリ9とプーリ16の間にベルト18が
掛は回されて、第二クラッチ14の接続により過給機5
をモータフにより駆動できるようになっている。
In the figure, reference numeral 7 designates an electric motor, and a pulley 9 is connected to its output 8. A belt 18 is hooked between the pulley 9 and the pulley 16, and when the second clutch 14 is connected, the supercharger 5
can be driven by a motor.

第3図にも示すように、過給機5より上流側の吸気W3
6に絞弁35を介装し、エアクリーナ3から取り入れら
れた吸気流を絞るようにする。
As shown in FIG. 3, the intake air W3 on the upstream side of the supercharger 5
A throttle valve 35 is interposed in the air cleaner 6 to throttle the intake air flow taken in from the air cleaner 3.

図中37は絞弁35をmm駆動するグイヤ7ラム装置で
あり、そのダイヤプラム室38を過給機5の下流側の吸
気管2に連通する圧力導入通路39を配設し、圧力導入
通路39の途中にソレノイドパルプ40を介装して、こ
のソレノイドパルプ40の切換作動によりダイヤプラム
室38には過給圧と大気圧とが選択的に導かれる。ダイ
ヤプラム室38に過給圧が導かれている状態では、図示
するようにスプリング41に抗して絞弁35の開度を小
さくして過給圧を設定値以下に調節する一方、ダイヤプ
ラム室38に大気圧が導かれている状態では、スプリン
グ41の付勢力により絞弁35を全開位置に保持するよ
うになっている。
In the figure, 37 is a Guya 7 ram device that drives the throttle valve 35 by mm, and a pressure introduction passage 39 is provided that communicates the diaphragm chamber 38 with the intake pipe 2 on the downstream side of the supercharger 5. A solenoid pulp 40 is interposed in the middle of the diaphragm chamber 39, and supercharging pressure and atmospheric pressure are selectively introduced into the diaphragm chamber 38 by switching operation of the solenoid pulp 40. When the supercharging pressure is introduced into the diaphragm chamber 38, the opening degree of the throttle valve 35 is reduced against the spring 41 to adjust the supercharging pressure below the set value, as shown in the figure. When atmospheric pressure is introduced into the chamber 38, the urging force of the spring 41 holds the throttle valve 35 in the fully open position.

第4図はディーゼル機関1のコントロールシステムを示
す図であり、コントロールユニット21は始動時にイグ
ニツシタンスイッチ24の信号を入力してグロープラグ
25を作動、させて渦流室30を加熱するとともに、機
rR1の回転センサ22、過給機5の上流側に設けられ
る吸気温センサ31、過給機5の下流側に設けられる過
給圧センサ32、過給機5の回転センサ33の各検出信
号を入力して、始動時に第一クラッチ13を解除し、第
二クラッチ14を接続してモータ7を駆動し、過給機5
に流入する吸気温度に応じて過給l915の回転を増速
制御するとともに、ソレノイドパルプ40を作動させて
過給機5の吐出圧力をグ′イヤ7ラム装置37に導いて
絞弁35を閉弁させる。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the control system of the diesel engine 1, in which the control unit 21 inputs a signal from the ignition switch 24 at the time of starting, activates the glow plug 25, heats the swirl chamber 30, and heats the engine. Each detection signal of the rotation sensor 22 of rR1, the intake air temperature sensor 31 provided on the upstream side of the supercharger 5, the supercharging pressure sensor 32 provided on the downstream side of the supercharger 5, and the rotation sensor 33 of the supercharger 5 is detected. input, the first clutch 13 is released at startup, the second clutch 14 is connected to drive the motor 7, and the supercharger 5 is activated.
The rotation of the supercharger 915 is controlled to increase in speed according to the temperature of the intake air flowing into the engine, and the solenoid pulp 40 is operated to guide the discharge pressure of the supercharger 5 to the tire 7 ram device 37 to close the throttle valve 35. Let me speak.

第5図はコントロールユニット21における過給Wi5
の制御マツプであり、過給機5に流入する吸気温度が1
0.0.−10.−20℃と低くなるにしたがって、モ
ータ7の回転を制御して過給機5の回転数を上昇させ、
過給機5の回転数Nsとクランク軸4の回転数Neの比
り=Ns/Neを大きくして、過給機5から吐出される
吸気温度を適性に高める。
Fig. 5 shows the supercharging Wi5 in the control unit 21.
is a control map, and the intake air temperature flowing into the supercharger 5 is 1
0.0. -10. As the temperature decreases to -20°C, the rotation of the motor 7 is controlled to increase the rotation speed of the supercharger 5,
The ratio of the rotation speed Ns of the supercharger 5 to the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft 4 = Ns/Ne is increased to appropriately increase the temperature of the intake air discharged from the supercharger 5.

このように構成してあり、始動時に過給機5の回転を増
速することにより、過給8!5から吐出する吸気温度と
共に圧力を上昇させるが、この始動時に絞弁35が過給
fi5に流入する空気流を絞ることにより、空気流は等
エンタルピ膨張によりその温度をほとんど低下させずに
その圧力を大幅に低下させる。このため、ピストン圧縮
時における渦流室30の温度を大幅に上昇させて着火性
を確保するとともに、燃焼のピーク圧力を低減して始動
時における機関振動を抑制することができる。
With this configuration, by increasing the rotation speed of the supercharger 5 at the time of startup, the pressure is increased along with the temperature of the intake air discharged from the supercharger 8!5. By throttling the airflow entering the airflow, the airflow significantly reduces its pressure with little reduction in its temperature due to isenthalpic expansion. Therefore, it is possible to significantly increase the temperature of the swirl chamber 30 during piston compression to ensure ignitability, and to reduce the peak pressure of combustion to suppress engine vibration during startup.

このように過給機5の増速に伴い始動性が確保されるこ
とにより、P!l11Ii1の圧縮比を低めに設定する
ことが可能となる。第6図は機関1の圧縮比と圧縮上死
点における渦流室30内の吸気温度の関係を表した特性
図であり、過給fi5による吸気加熱作用により20℃
相当の温度が上昇したとすると、過給1fi5に流入す
る吸気温度が一20°Cの条件化で、始動時に必要な圧
縮上死、へ温度600℃を確保するのに、機関1の圧縮
比を21から18近くに下げることができる。このよう
に、過給W15を増速することにより良好な始動性を確
保しつつ、機関1の圧縮比を始動後の運転条件に対応し
て適正に設定することが可能となり、燃焼によるピーク
圧力が低減されて機関の高回転化がはかれる。
In this way, by ensuring startability as the speed of the supercharger 5 increases, P! It becomes possible to set the compression ratio of l11Ii1 to be low. FIG. 6 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the compression ratio of the engine 1 and the intake air temperature in the swirl chamber 30 at compression top dead center.
Assuming that the temperature has risen considerably, the compression ratio of engine 1 will have to be 600°C to maintain the required compression top-dead temperature at startup under the condition that the intake air temperature flowing into supercharging 1fi5 is 120°C. can be lowered from 21 to nearly 18. In this way, by increasing the speed of the supercharging W15, it is possible to ensure good startability and to appropriately set the compression ratio of the engine 1 in accordance with the operating conditions after starting, thereby reducing the peak pressure due to combustion. is reduced, allowing the engine to run at higher speeds.

第7図は過給機5の回転数に対する圧力比および空気温
度の関係、第8図は過給8!5の回転数に対する圧力比
および体積効率の関係を表した特性図であり、これらか
ら圧力比1.4で空気の上昇する温度を約50℃、体積
効率1vを約65%確保するために、過給機5の回転数
Nsを2000rp−に設定すれは良いことがわかる。
Fig. 7 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the pressure ratio and air temperature with respect to the rotation speed of the supercharger 5, and Fig. 8 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the pressure ratio and volumetric efficiency with respect to the rotation speed of the supercharger 8!5. It can be seen that it is good to set the rotational speed Ns of the supercharger 5 to 2000 rp- in order to ensure that the temperature of the air increases to about 50° C. and the volumetric efficiency of 1v to about 65% at a pressure ratio of 1.4.

なお、過給機5から吐出する吸気は吸気系および渦流室
30に流入する過程で冷却されるため、この冷却分を見
込んで高めに設定する必要がある。
Note that since the intake air discharged from the supercharger 5 is cooled in the process of flowing into the intake system and the swirl chamber 30, it is necessary to set the intake air to a high value in consideration of this cooling amount.

なお、絞弁35を過給機5の下流側に設けてもよい。Note that the throttle valve 35 may be provided downstream of the supercharger 5.

(発明の効果) 以上の通り本発明によれば、機関の吸気系にクランク軸
に同期して回転駆動される容積型過給機を備えたディー
ゼルfi閏において、機関始動時には前記過給機の回転
数Nsと前記クランク軸の回転数Neの比り=Ns/N
eが大きくなるように前記過給機を増速する手段を設け
るとともに、始動時に吸気流路を紋る絞弁を設けたため
、寒冷時の渦流室式ディーゼル機関のように不利な条件
でも吸気温度を高めて始動性を十分に確保するとともに
、絞弁により吸気圧力を低減して始動時における機関振
動を抑制できる。これにより、始動性を確保するために
機関の圧縮比を高めに設定する必要がなくなり、機関の
高回転化が可能となり出力の向上がはかれる。
(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, in a diesel FI engine equipped with a positive displacement supercharger that is rotationally driven in synchronization with the crankshaft in the intake system of the engine, when the engine is started, the supercharger is activated. Ratio of rotation speed Ns to rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft = Ns/N
In addition to providing a means to increase the speed of the supercharger so as to increase e, a throttle valve is also provided to control the intake flow path at the time of startup, so that the intake air temperature can be maintained even under unfavorable conditions such as in a swirl chamber type diesel engine at cold temperatures. In addition to increasing the engine speed and ensuring sufficient startability, the throttle valve reduces intake pressure and suppresses engine vibration during startup. This eliminates the need to set the compression ratio of the engine to a high level in order to ensure startability, allowing the engine to rotate at high speeds and improving output.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は本発明の一実施例を示す構成図、第2図は過給
機の断面図、第3図は絞弁およびその駆動vtr11の
断面図、tjS4図コントロールシステムを示す構成図
、第5図、第6図、第7図、第8図はそれぞれ作用を示
す線図である。 1・・・機関、2・・・吸気管、4・・・クランク軸、
5・・・過給機、7・・・モータ、13・・・第一クラ
ッチ、14・・・第二9ラフチ、21・・・コントロー
ルユニ7)%22・・・回転センサ、35・・・絞弁、
37・・・グイヤ7ラム装置、39・・・圧力導入通路
、40・・・ソレノイドパルプ。 第5図 高 始動時   −ンジン回転数Ne 第6図 圧縮比
Fig. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a supercharger, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a throttle valve and its driving VTR11, Fig. tjS4 is a block diagram showing a control system, and Fig. FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, and FIG. 8 are diagrams showing the effects, respectively. 1... Engine, 2... Intake pipe, 4... Crankshaft,
5...Supercharger, 7...Motor, 13...First clutch, 14...Second 9th luff, 21...Control unit 7)%22...Rotation sensor, 35...・throttle valve,
37... Guya 7 ram device, 39... Pressure introduction passage, 40... Solenoid pulp. Figure 5: High starting time - Engine rotation speed Ne Figure 6: Compression ratio

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 機関の吸気系にクランク軸に同期して回転駆動される容
積型過給機を備えたディーゼル機関において、機関始動
時に前記過給機の回転数Nsと前記クランク軸の回転数
Neの比η=Ns/Neが大きくなるように前記過給機
を増速する手段を設け、かつ吸気通路の途中に絞弁を設
け、始動時にこの絞弁の開度を小さくする駆動手段を設
けたことを特徴とする過給機付きディーゼル機関。
In a diesel engine equipped with a positive displacement supercharger that is rotationally driven in synchronization with the crankshaft in the intake system of the engine, the ratio η of the rotation speed Ns of the supercharger and the rotation speed Ne of the crankshaft at the time of engine startup is It is characterized by providing means for increasing the speed of the supercharger so that Ns/Ne becomes larger, and also providing a throttle valve in the middle of the intake passage, and providing a drive means for reducing the opening degree of the throttle valve at the time of startup. A diesel engine with a supercharger.
JP22800988A 1988-09-12 1988-09-12 Diesel engine with supercharger Expired - Fee Related JP2505549B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22800988A JP2505549B2 (en) 1988-09-12 1988-09-12 Diesel engine with supercharger

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP22800988A JP2505549B2 (en) 1988-09-12 1988-09-12 Diesel engine with supercharger

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JPH0275734A true JPH0275734A (en) 1990-03-15
JP2505549B2 JP2505549B2 (en) 1996-06-12

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6609505B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-08-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Two speed supercharger drive
FR2873761A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Diesel engine for use in motor vehicle, has vacuum system allowing selectively to lower pressure of air intake manifold during starting of engine, and having vacuum reserve connected to inlet port of vacuum pump and to manifold
JP2012052508A (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-15 Ihi Corp Variable supercharger and control method thereof

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6609505B2 (en) * 2001-11-13 2003-08-26 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Two speed supercharger drive
FR2873761A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-02-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Diesel engine for use in motor vehicle, has vacuum system allowing selectively to lower pressure of air intake manifold during starting of engine, and having vacuum reserve connected to inlet port of vacuum pump and to manifold
JP2012052508A (en) * 2010-09-03 2012-03-15 Ihi Corp Variable supercharger and control method thereof

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