JPH0264139A - Tire for construction vehicle - Google Patents
Tire for construction vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0264139A JPH0264139A JP63213541A JP21354188A JPH0264139A JP H0264139 A JPH0264139 A JP H0264139A JP 63213541 A JP63213541 A JP 63213541A JP 21354188 A JP21354188 A JP 21354188A JP H0264139 A JPH0264139 A JP H0264139A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- weight
- styrene
- tire
- butadiene copolymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene group Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102220489978 Protein LTV1 homolog_N25A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N (5e)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(=C/C)/CC1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-KRXBUXKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000006237 Intermediate SAF Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
(産業上の利用分野)
本発明は耐カット性及び外観性を著しく向上させた建設
車輌用タイヤに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a tire for construction vehicles that has significantly improved cut resistance and appearance.
(従来の技術)
建設車輌用タイヤは厳しい凹凸路面を走行する為、トレ
ッド部が鋭利な岩石等により、カットを受けたり、又ゴ
ムが引き裂かれる現象が生じ、タイヤの寿命を著しく低
下せしめる。(Prior Art) Since tires for construction vehicles run on harsh and uneven roads, the treads may be cut by sharp rocks, etc., or the rubber may be torn, which significantly shortens the life of the tires.
この為、従来はカットを防ぐ為にはトレッドゴムを硬く
する方向でスチレン−ブタジエンポリマーを適用したり
、補強用充填物を多量に添加していた。For this reason, in the past, in order to prevent cuts, styrene-butadiene polymers were used to harden the tread rubber, or large amounts of reinforcing fillers were added.
(発明が解決しようとする課題)
従来、上述のように耐カット性を高めるにはトレッドゴ
ムを硬くすることが有利なことが知られており、その手
法としてポリマーの変更、充填剤の変更が行なわれてい
た。しかし
く1)ポリマーとしてはスチレン−ブタジエンポリマー
(例えばSBR#1500)を適用した場合、耐カット
性は向上するが、欠点としてタイヤが高速走行したり、
高稼動の場合には熱の蓄積によりタイヤケース部の故障
が発生しタイヤ寿命を著しく低下させる。(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) As mentioned above, it has been known that it is advantageous to make the tread rubber harder in order to improve its cut resistance, and methods for doing so include changing the polymer and filler. It was being done. However, 1) When a styrene-butadiene polymer (for example, SBR #1500) is used as the polymer, the cut resistance improves, but the disadvantage is that the tire runs at high speed,
In the case of high operation, the tire case part breaks down due to heat accumulation, which significantly shortens the tire life.
(2)又、充填剤としてカーボンブラックを添加した場
合、高充填ないしは高級カーボンを添加することにより
耐カット性は向上するが、欠点として発熱性の低下及び
外観性を著しく低下せしめる。(2) In addition, when carbon black is added as a filler, the cut resistance is improved by adding highly filled or high-grade carbon, but the disadvantages are that the heat build-up and the appearance are significantly reduced.
又、外観性を高めるにはトレッドゴムを軟らかくするこ
とが有利なことが知られており、通常、オイル、樹脂等
を添加することにより外観性を高めているが欠点として
耐カット性を著しく低下させる作用がある。Additionally, it is known that it is advantageous to soften the tread rubber in order to improve the appearance, and the appearance is usually improved by adding oil, resin, etc., but the disadvantage is that it significantly reduces cut resistance. It has the effect of causing
このように従来技術ではいずれも耐カット性及び外観性
の両者を向上させることは極めて難しい技術であり、常
に耐カット性及び外観性の妥協点のレベルでトレッドゴ
ムが作られていたに過ぎなかった。In this way, with conventional technology, it is extremely difficult to improve both cut resistance and appearance, and tread rubber has always been produced at a compromise between cut resistance and appearance. Ta.
(課題を解決するための手段)
本発明者らは、建設車輌用タイヤに課せられた問題の解
決に向かって鋭意研究を行った結果、ゴム成分の組成と
、特定のカーボンブラックおよびジシクロペンタジェン
系樹脂を組合せたゴム組成物によりトレンド部を形成す
ることにより、建設車輌用タイヤの耐カット性と外観を
著しく向上させ得ることを見出し本発明を達成するに至
った。(Means for Solving the Problem) As a result of intensive research aimed at solving the problems imposed on tires for construction vehicles, the present inventors have determined that the composition of the rubber component and the specific carbon black and dicyclopenta The inventors have discovered that the cut resistance and appearance of tires for construction vehicles can be significantly improved by forming trend portions using a rubber composition in combination with Gen-based resins, leading to the achievement of the present invention.
すなわち本発明の建設車輌用タイヤはゴム成分がスチレ
ン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム単独か又は少なくとも50
重量%以上のスチレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴムと他の
ジエン系ゴムから成り、該スチレン−ブタジエン共重合
体ゴムの10重量%以上がスチレン含量として25乃至
35重量%、ブタジェン部分のビニル結合含有率として
30%以下なる高スチレン含量のスチレン−ブタジエン
共重合体ゴムであるゴム成分100重量部に対し、窒素
吸着比表面積(N2SA)が110乃至170 m2/
g 、ジブチルフタレート吸収量(DBP)が85乃至
150mIl/100gであるカーボンブラックを40
乃至75重量部かつジシクロペンタジェン系樹脂を0.
5乃至20重量部配合してなるゴム組成物により構成し
たタイヤトレッド部に有することを特徴とする。That is, in the construction vehicle tire of the present invention, the rubber component is styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber alone or at least 50%
10% by weight or more of the styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber has a styrene content of 25 to 35% by weight, and a vinyl bond content of the butadiene moiety. For 100 parts by weight of a rubber component which is a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber with a high styrene content of 30% or less, the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (NSA) is 110 to 170 m2/
40 g of carbon black with a dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP) of 85 to 150 ml/100 g.
75 parts by weight and 0.75 parts by weight of dicyclopentadiene resin.
It is characterized in that the tire tread is comprised of a rubber composition containing 5 to 20 parts by weight of the rubber composition.
本発明においては、タイヤトレッド部を構成するゴム組
成物のゴム成分として上記の高スチレン含量のスチレン
−ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR)単独または該SB
R50重量%以上と他のジエン系ゴムとのブレンドゴム
を用いるもので、該SBRをゴム成分の50〜100重
量%とするのは、50重量%未満ではタイヤの耐カット
性、耐ゴム欠けの改良効果を達成することができないた
めである。本発明において高スチレン含量のSBRに配
合される他のジエン系ゴムとは天然ゴム、合成ポリイソ
プレンゴム、ポリブタジェンゴムを言う。また上記SB
Rの10重量%以上がスチレン含有量25〜35重量%
であり、ブタジェン部分のビニル結合金有量が30%以
下であることを必要とするが、これはスチレン含有量が
25重量%未満ではタイヤのカット性および耐ゴム欠は
改良効果が達成されず低下するためであり、またスチレ
ン含有量が35重量%を超える場合およびブタジェン部
分のビニル結合金有量が30%を超える場合には、いず
れの場合もタイヤの耐発熱性が低下しタイヤ温度が上昇
し、建設車輌用タイヤとして好ましくないためである。In the present invention, the above-mentioned high styrene content styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR) alone or the SB
When using a blended rubber of 50% by weight or more of R and other diene rubber, the SBR should be 50 to 100% by weight of the rubber component because if it is less than 50% by weight, the tire's cut resistance and rubber chipping resistance will be reduced. This is because the improvement effect cannot be achieved. In the present invention, other diene rubbers to be blended into the high styrene content SBR include natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprene rubber, and polybutadiene rubber. Also, the above SB
10% by weight or more of R has a styrene content of 25 to 35% by weight
Therefore, it is necessary that the vinyl binder content in the butadiene part be 30% or less, but this is because if the styrene content is less than 25% by weight, the effect of improving the tire cutability and rubber chipping resistance will not be achieved. In addition, if the styrene content exceeds 35% by weight or if the vinyl bond content in the butadiene portion exceeds 30%, the heat resistance of the tire decreases and the tire temperature decreases. This is because the tire rises, making it undesirable as a tire for construction vehicles.
本発明においては、上記のSBRをゴム成分中50〜1
00重量%としたことにより、充填剤の量も多量添加し
なくてもよ(、N25Aが110〜170m”/g、好
ましくは130〜170m2/ gで、DBPが85〜
150m1/100g、好ましくは100〜150mR
/ 100g、ハードカーボンブラックを40〜75重
量部、好ましくは50〜65重量部添加すればよい。カ
ーボンブラックのNZSAが110m2/g未満、DB
Pが85m1 / 100g未満の場合にはタイヤの耐
カット性および耐ゴム欠は性が低下し、N25Aが17
0m2/gを超える場合およびDIPが150.d /
100gを超える場合は耐発熱性が低下して好ましく
ない。またカニボンプラクの配合量は40重量部未満で
は耐カット性および耐ゴム欠は性が低下し、75重量部
を超えると耐発熱性が低下しタイヤ温度が上昇し好まし
くない。In the present invention, the above SBR is 50 to 1 in the rubber component.
00% by weight, there is no need to add a large amount of filler (N25A is 110 to 170 m"/g, preferably 130 to 170 m2/g, and DBP is 85 to 170 m"/g).
150m1/100g, preferably 100-150mR
/ 100 g, and 40 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 65 parts by weight of hard carbon black may be added. Carbon black NZSA less than 110m2/g, DB
If P is less than 85 m1 / 100 g, the cut resistance and rubber chipping resistance of the tire will decrease, and N25A will be 17
If it exceeds 0m2/g and DIP is 150. d/
If it exceeds 100 g, heat resistance deteriorates, which is not preferable. If the amount of crab bone plaque is less than 40 parts by weight, the cut resistance and rubber chipping resistance will decrease, and if it exceeds 75 parts by weight, the heat resistance will decrease and the tire temperature will increase, which is undesirable.
さらに本発明においては、ゴム組成物中にジシクロペン
タジェン系樹脂、特にエチリデンノルボルネン、アリル
アルコール等の硫黄との高反応性成分を付与したジシク
ロペンタジェン系樹脂を0゜5〜20重量部、好ましく
は5〜15重量部を配合することにより耐カット性およ
び外観性の両立を果たした。ジシクロペンタジェン樹脂
が0.5重量部未満では耐カット性および外観性が満足
されず、一方20重量部より多く配合しても耐カット性
、耐ゴム欠は改良効果はそれ以上向上しなくなり、・コ
スト的に有利でなくなる。Furthermore, in the present invention, 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of a dicyclopentadiene resin, particularly a dicyclopentadiene resin to which a component highly reactive with sulfur such as ethylidene norbornene and allyl alcohol is added, is added to the rubber composition. By blending preferably 5 to 15 parts by weight, both cut resistance and appearance were achieved. If the dicyclopentadiene resin is less than 0.5 parts by weight, cut resistance and appearance will not be satisfied, while if more than 20 parts by weight is added, the cut resistance and rubber chipping resistance will not be improved any further. ,・It becomes less advantageous in terms of cost.
(実施例) 本発明を次の実施例および比較例により説明する。(Example) The invention will be illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples.
置部)で配合し、No、1〜No、 7のゴム組成物を
つくった。rubber compositions No. 1 to No. 7 were prepared.
1〜6 1〜4
第1表に示す配合成分を、表示する配合量(重カーボン
ブラック種 NzSA(m”/g) DBP(d/1
00g)ISAF 125
114SAF
163 120第1表に示すNα1〜
Nα7のゴム組成物を夫々タイヤサイズ10.0OR2
0に1−2−3.1−4−5.1−6−7、8−9−1
0の3ウエイ(WAY)からなるタイヤトレッドとして
適用した実施例1〜6、比較例1〜4の空気入りタイヤ
を作製し、石の多い採石現場及びダム現場にて4,00
0〜6 、000km走行させた後溝深さ及びトレッド
部の耐摩耗性、カット数、ゴム欠は数を評価した。得た
結果を第2表に示す。1 to 6 1 to 4 The compounding ingredients shown in Table 1, the indicated compounding amount (heavy carbon black type NzSA (m"/g) DBP (d/1
00g) ISAF 125
114SAF
163 120 Nα1~ shown in Table 1
Rubber composition of Nα7 was applied to tire size 10.0OR2.
0 to 1-2-3.1-4-5.1-6-7, 8-9-1
Pneumatic tires of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, which were applied as tire treads consisting of 3 ways (WAY) of 0.
After running for 0 to 6,000 km, the groove depth, wear resistance of the tread portion, number of cuts, and number of rubber defects were evaluated. The results obtained are shown in Table 2.
(発明の効果)
以上説明してきたように本発明の建設車輌用タイヤは、
10重量%以上が25〜35重量%のスチレン含量およ
びブタジェン部分のビニル結合金有量が30%以下の高
スチレン低ビニルSBRから成るSBR単独または該5
BR50重量%以上と他のジエン系ゴムとのブレンドゴ
ムをゴム成分とし、これにN2SAが110〜170m
”/gでDBPが85〜150 mN/100gのカー
ボンブラック40〜75重量部とジシクロペンタジェン
系樹脂0.5〜20重量部を配合したゴム組成物により
形成したタイヤトレッド部を備えたことにより、耐カッ
ト性および耐ゴム欠は性が改善され、外観性にも優れる
。(Effects of the Invention) As explained above, the construction vehicle tire of the present invention has
10% by weight or more of SBR consisting of high styrene low vinyl SBR with a styrene content of 25 to 35% by weight and a vinyl bond content of butadiene moiety of 30% or less or SBR alone or 5
The rubber component is a blended rubber of 50% by weight or more of BR and other diene rubber, and this contains 110 to 170 m of N2SA.
”/g and DBP of 85 to 150 mN/100 g, the tire tread portion is formed from a rubber composition blended with 40 to 75 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of dicyclopentadiene resin. As a result, cut resistance and rubber chipping resistance are improved, and the appearance is also excellent.
Claims (1)
か又は少なくとも50重量%以上のスチレン−ブタジエ
ン共重合体ゴムと他のジエン系ゴムから成り、該スチレ
ン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴムの10重量%以上がスチレ
ン含量として25乃至35重量%、ブタジエン部分のビ
ニル結合含有率として30%以下なる高スチレン含量の
スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体ゴムであるゴム成分10
0重量部に対し、窒素吸着比表面積(N_2SA)が1
10乃至170m^2/g、ジブチルフタレート吸収量
(DBP)が85乃至150ml/100gであるカー
ボンブラックを40乃至75重量部かつジシクロペンタ
ジエン系樹脂を0.5乃至20重量部配合してなるゴム
組成物により構成したタイヤトレッド部に有することを
特徴とする建設車輌用タイヤ。 2、カーボンブラックが窒素吸着比表面積(N_2SA
)として130乃至170m^2/g、ジブチルフタレ
ート吸収量(DBP)として100乃至150ml/1
00gであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の建設車輌
用タイヤ。 3、ジシクロペンタジエン系樹脂が高反応性成分を有す
ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の建設車輌用タイヤ。[Scope of Claims] 1. The rubber component consists of a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber alone or at least 50% by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber and another diene rubber, and the styrene-butadiene copolymer Rubber component 10 which is a styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber with a high styrene content in which 10% by weight or more of the rubber is 25 to 35% by weight as a styrene content and 30% or less as a vinyl bond content in the butadiene part.
Nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N_2SA) is 1 for 0 parts by weight.
10 to 170 m^2/g and a dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP) of 85 to 150 ml/100 g. Rubber containing 40 to 75 parts by weight of carbon black and 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of dicyclopentadiene resin. A tire for a construction vehicle, comprising a composition in a tire tread portion. 2. Carbon black has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N_2SA
) as 130 to 170 m^2/g, as dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBP) 100 to 150 ml/1
2. The construction vehicle tire according to claim 1, wherein the tire has a weight of 0.00 g. 3. The construction vehicle tire according to claim 1, wherein the dicyclopentadiene resin contains a highly reactive component.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63213541A JPH0264139A (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Tire for construction vehicle |
AU40053/89A AU613512B2 (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1989-08-18 | Tires for construction vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP63213541A JPH0264139A (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Tire for construction vehicle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0264139A true JPH0264139A (en) | 1990-03-05 |
Family
ID=16640900
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP63213541A Pending JPH0264139A (en) | 1988-08-30 | 1988-08-30 | Tire for construction vehicle |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0264139A (en) |
AU (1) | AU613512B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017511413A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2017-04-20 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | Rubber composition containing aromatic dicyclopentadiene resin |
CN113788994A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-14 | 中策橡胶集团有限公司 | Outer rubber protection rubber composition with excellent appearance, mixing method thereof and tire |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2021063175A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-22 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | Composition for tire and tire |
-
1988
- 1988-08-30 JP JP63213541A patent/JPH0264139A/en active Pending
-
1989
- 1989-08-18 AU AU40053/89A patent/AU613512B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2017511413A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2017-04-20 | コンパニー ゼネラール デ エタブリッスマン ミシュラン | Rubber composition containing aromatic dicyclopentadiene resin |
CN113788994A (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2021-12-14 | 中策橡胶集团有限公司 | Outer rubber protection rubber composition with excellent appearance, mixing method thereof and tire |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU4005389A (en) | 1990-03-08 |
AU613512B2 (en) | 1991-08-01 |
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