【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、刷子用摺動接点材料の改良に関す
る。
従来、摺動接点材料としては各種材料が用いら
れ、とりわけ刷子用摺動接点材料としては、硬
さ、耐蝕性、ばね性等の優れた、Pd30〜50重量
％、Ag20〜40重量％、Cu20〜40重量％より成る
合金材料が広く用いられていた。
然し乍ら、この合金材料で製作した刷子接点で
は、整流子との摺動時の耐摩耗性が劣り、摩耗粉
が生じ易く、ノイズ発生の原因となつていた。
本発明は、斯かる欠点を解消すべくなされたも
のであり、前記合金材料を基材としてこれに特定
の材料を僅かに添加させて、発生する酸化物を潤
滑剤とし、耐摩耗性を向上させた刷子用摺動接点
材料を提供せんとするものである。
本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料は、組成比で
Pd30〜50重量％、Ag20〜40重量％、Cu20〜40重
量％のPd−Ag−Cuが95〜99.5重量％及び残部が
Sb、Pb及びZnの少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜５
重量％から成るものである。
本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料に於いて、組成比
でPd30〜50重量％、Ag20〜40重量％、Cu20〜40
重量％のPd−Ag−Cuが95〜99.5重量％及び残部
がSb、Pb及びZnの少なくとも一種を合計で0.5〜
５重量％としている理由は、前記従来の合金材料
の耐摩耗性を向上すべくSb、Pb及びZnのうち少
なくとも一種を合計で0.5重量％未満では酸化物
の発生量が少なくて潤滑剤としての効果を発揮で
きず、Sb、Pb及びZnのうち少なくとも一種を合
計で５重量％を超えると酸化物の発生量が多くな
り、接触抵抗が高くなり、その上不安定となるも
のである。またPd、Ag、Cuの含有量は、前記従
来の合金材料の組成比に変更を加えない範囲とす
ることにより、従来の合金材料の特性は損なわれ
ることなく発揮されることとなるものである。
次に従来の合金材料を基材とし、これにSbを
添加し表の実施例１に示す成分組成の刷子用摺動
接点材料とし、以下同様にして表に示す成分組成
の本発明による刷子用摺動接点材料と従来の刷子
用摺動接点材料を用いて夫々線径0.7mmの刷子線
材を作り、これを各々長さ８mmに切断し、２本並
列させて一端を幅10mm、長さ13mm、厚さ0.2mmの
台材に溶接し、他端に2Rの円弧状の接触部を曲
成して刷子接点を作つた。そして夫々の刷子接点
を円盤状の整流子に接触させ、整流子を正逆回転
させて下記の試験条件にて摺動試験を行い、摩耗
量及び接触抵抗を測定した処、下記の表の右欄に
示すような結果を得た。
試験条件
電流：直流0.6A
電圧：12V
負荷：抵抗負荷
回転速度：1000回転／分
周速：130〜120ｍ／min
接触力：100ｇ
試験時間：７時間
The present invention relates to improvements in sliding contact materials for brushes. Conventionally, various materials have been used as sliding contact materials, and in particular, as sliding contact materials for brushes, materials with excellent hardness, corrosion resistance, spring properties, etc., such as Pd 30 to 50% by weight, Ag 20 to 40% by weight, Cu20 Alloy materials consisting of ~40% by weight were widely used. However, brush contacts made of this alloy material have poor abrasion resistance when sliding with the commutator, and are likely to generate abrasion powder, causing noise. The present invention has been made to eliminate such drawbacks, and uses the above-mentioned alloy material as a base material and adds a small amount of a specific material to it, uses the generated oxide as a lubricant, and improves wear resistance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a sliding contact material for a brush that has a high quality. The sliding contact material for brushes of the present invention has a composition ratio of
Pd-Ag-Cu is 95-99.5% by weight and the balance is 30-50% by weight of Pd, 20-40% by weight of Ag, 20-40% by weight of Cu.
A total of 0.5 to 5 at least one of Sb, Pb and Zn
% by weight. In the sliding contact material for brushes of the present invention, the composition ratio is 30 to 50% by weight of Pd, 20 to 40% by weight of Ag, and 20 to 40% by weight of Cu.
Pd-Ag-Cu in weight% is 95 to 99.5% by weight and the balance is at least one of Sb, Pb and Zn in total of 0.5 to 99.5% by weight
The reason why it is set at 5% by weight is that in order to improve the wear resistance of the conventional alloy material, if the total amount of at least one of Sb, Pb, and Zn is less than 0.5% by weight, the amount of oxide generated is small, making it difficult to use as a lubricant. If the total amount of at least one of Sb, Pb, and Zn exceeds 5% by weight, the amount of oxides generated increases, the contact resistance becomes high, and the contact resistance becomes unstable. Furthermore, by setting the contents of Pd, Ag, and Cu within a range that does not change the composition ratio of the conventional alloy material, the characteristics of the conventional alloy material can be exhibited without being impaired. . Next, a conventional alloy material is used as a base material, and Sb is added thereto to obtain a brush sliding contact material having the composition shown in Example 1 in the table. Brush wires with a wire diameter of 0.7 mm were made using the sliding contact material and the conventional sliding contact material for brushes, each was cut to a length of 8 mm, and two wires were placed in parallel with one end having a width of 10 mm and a length of 13 mm. A brush contact was made by welding to a 0.2 mm thick base material and bending a 2R arc-shaped contact part at the other end. Then, each brush contact was brought into contact with a disk-shaped commutator, and the commutator was rotated in forward and reverse directions to perform a sliding test under the following test conditions, and the wear amount and contact resistance were measured. The results shown in the column were obtained. Test conditions Current: DC 0.6A Voltage: 12V Load: Resistance load Rotation speed: 1000 rotations/divided speed: 130-120m/min Contact force: 100g Test time: 7 hours
【表】
上記の表で明らかなように実施例１〜15の刷子
接点は従来例の刷子接点に比し摩耗量が著しく少
なく、接触抵抗が低く安定していることが判る。
これはひとえに実施例１〜15の刷子接点の刷子線
材を構成している本発明の刷子用摺動接点材料
が、摺動時にSb、Pb、Zn等の酸化物が発生し、
この酸化物が潤滑剤となり、耐摩耗性が向上する
からに他ならない。また、酸化物が軟らかい為、
摺動作用により容易に除去されるので、接触抵抗
は変わらないからに他ならない。
以上詳記した通り本発明による刷子用摺動接点
材料によれば、従来の刷子用摺動接点材料に比べ
著しく耐摩耗性に優れ、摩耗粉の発生量が極めて
少なく、また接触抵抗が低く安定しノイズの発生
が殆んど無い、刷子接点を得ることができるとい
う効果がある。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 15 had significantly less wear than the conventional brush contacts, and the contact resistance was low and stable.
This is simply because the brush sliding contact material of the present invention, which constitutes the brush wire of the brush contacts of Examples 1 to 15, generates oxides such as Sb, Pb, and Zn during sliding.
This is because this oxide acts as a lubricant and improves wear resistance. In addition, since the oxide is soft,
This is because the contact resistance remains unchanged since it is easily removed by the sliding action. As detailed above, the sliding contact material for brushes according to the present invention has significantly superior wear resistance compared to conventional sliding contact materials for brushes, generates extremely little wear powder, and has low and stable contact resistance. This has the effect of providing a brush contact with almost no noise generation.